Health Needs Instrument for hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease: triangulation research design

Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Design.  Three phases were...

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Published inJournal of clinical nursing Vol. 14; no. 10; pp. 1210 - 1222
Main Authors Shih, Shaw-Nin, Gau, Meei-Ling, Kao Lo, Chi-Hui, Shih, Fu-Jin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.11.2005
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0962-1067
1365-2702
DOI10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01201.x

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Abstract Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Design.  Three phases were involved in this between‐method triangulation design. Methods.  The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs. Results.  The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision‐making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75·3 years was obtained. Subjects’ health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision‐making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects’ physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0·469, P < 0·01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0·460, P < 0·01), with informational needs (r = 0·393, P = 0·034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0·290, P = 0·034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0·341, P = 0·012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0·374, P = 0·05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0·334, P = 0·013). Conclusion.  Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well‐being as well as their health‐related quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice.  Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single‐living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
AbstractList Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Design.  Three phases were involved in this between‐method triangulation design. Methods.  The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs. Results.  The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision‐making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75·3 years was obtained. Subjects’ health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision‐making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects’ physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support ( r  = 0·469, P  < 0·01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination ( r  = 0·460, P  < 0·01), with informational needs ( r  = 0·393, P  = 0·034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period ( r  = 0·290, P  = 0·034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support ( r  = 0·341, P  = 0·012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures ( r  = 0·374, P  = 0·05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period ( r  = 0·334, P  = 0·013). Conclusion.  Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well‐being as well as their health‐related quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice.  Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single‐living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
Research in Taiwan exploring the health needs of hospitalised elderly heart disease patients who live alone. A triangulation mixed-method design was used for the study's 3 phases: a qualitative exploration of needs; use of the data to develop a quantitative Health Needs Instrument; and implementation of the instrument to examine relationships between different types of needs. [(BNI unique abstract)] 48 references
The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Three phases were involved in this between-method triangulation design. The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs. The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision-making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75.3 years was obtained. Subjects' health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision-making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects' physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0.469, P < 0.01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0.460, P < 0.01), with informational needs (r = 0.393, P = 0.034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0.290, P = 0.034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0.341, P = 0.012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0.374, P = 0.05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0.334, P = 0.013). Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well-being as well as their health-related quality of life. Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
Aim. The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs & (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Design. Three phases were involved in this between-method triangulation design. Methods. The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) & established its reliability & validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort & examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs. Results. The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information & participation in decision-making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men & 6 women) with an average age of 75DT3 years was obtained. Subjects' health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision-making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) & psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects' physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0DT469, P < 0DT01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0DT460, P < 0DT01), with informational needs (r = 0DT393, P = 0DT034) & with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0DT290, P = 0DT034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0DT341, P = 0DT012), with help in managing admissions & discharge procedures (r = 0DT374, P = 0DT05) & with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0DT334, P = 0DT013). Conclusion. Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern & Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier & more accurately in order to promote their well-being as well as their health-related quality of life. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 48 References. Adapted from the source document.
Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs. Design.  Three phases were involved in this between‐method triangulation design. Methods.  The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs. Results.  The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision‐making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75·3 years was obtained. Subjects’ health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision‐making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects’ physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0·469, P < 0·01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0·460, P < 0·01), with informational needs (r = 0·393, P = 0·034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0·290, P = 0·034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0·341, P = 0·012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0·374, P = 0·05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0·334, P = 0·013). Conclusion.  Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well‐being as well as their health‐related quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice.  Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single‐living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs.AIMThe aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs.Three phases were involved in this between-method triangulation design.DESIGNThree phases were involved in this between-method triangulation design.The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs.METHODSThe first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs.The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision-making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75.3 years was obtained. Subjects' health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision-making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects' physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0.469, P < 0.01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0.460, P < 0.01), with informational needs (r = 0.393, P = 0.034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0.290, P = 0.034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0.341, P = 0.012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0.374, P = 0.05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0.334, P = 0.013).RESULTSThe HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision-making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75.3 years was obtained. Subjects' health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision-making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects' physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0.469, P < 0.01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0.460, P < 0.01), with informational needs (r = 0.393, P = 0.034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0.290, P = 0.034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0.341, P = 0.012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0.374, P = 0.05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0.334, P = 0.013).Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well-being as well as their health-related quality of life.CONCLUSIONFinally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well-being as well as their health-related quality of life.Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICEEmpowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
Author Shih, Shaw-Nin
Gau, Meei-Ling
Shih, Fu-Jin
Kao Lo, Chi-Hui
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References Jackson S, Varon V & Cleverly S (1996) Public Health Practitioner Perspectives on Empowerment: Definition, Strategies and Indicators. North York Community Health Promotion Research Unit, North York.
Bureau of Health, Executive Yuan Republic of China (2004) Public Health in Taiwan ROC. Bureau of Health, Executive Yuan, ROC, Taiwan.
Shih SN, Shih FJ, Chen CH & Lo Gau CH (2000) The forgotten faces: the lonely Journal of powerlessness experienced by elderly single Chinese men with heart disease in Taiwan. Geriatric Nursing 21, 254 - 259.
Ying YW (1990) Exploratory models of major depression and implications for help-seeking among immigrant Chinese-American women. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 14, 393 - 408.
Neeman L (1995) Using the therapeutic relationship to promote and interning locus of control in elderly mental health clinics. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 23, 161 - 176.
Chan V (1990) Content areas for cardiac teaching: patients' perceptions of the importance of teaching content after myocardial infarction. Journal of Advanced Nursing 15, 1139 - 1145.
Karlik BA & Yarcheski A (1987) Learning needs of cardiac patients: a partial replication study. Heart and Lung 16, 544 - 551.
Nunnally JC & Berstein IH (1994) Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Shai MY (1993) Long Term Care in Elderly Issues. We Whean, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Shih FJ (1996) Concepts related to Chinese patients' perceptions of health, illness, and person: issues of conceptual clarity. Accident and Emergency Nursing 4, 208 - 215.
Shih SN & Shih FJ (1999) Health needs of elderly Chinese men living alone with heart disease during hospitalization transition. Nursing Ethics 6, 58 - 72.
Hagenhoff BD, Feutz C, Conn VS, Sagehorn KK & Moranville-Hunziker M (1994) Patient education needs as reported by congestive heart failure patients and their nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 19, 685 - 690.
Shih SN & Shih FJ (2000) The Health Needs for Single Elderly of Heart Disease in the Hospitalization and Community Transition. National Sciences Council Republic of China Research Report, SC89-2320-B-010-063.
World Health Organization (1989) Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000. Health for All Series 3. The author, Geneva.
Pearson P (1991) Clients perceptions: the use of case studies in developing theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing 16, 521 - 528.
Sandelowski M (1986) The problem of rigor in qualitative research. Advances in Nursing Science 8, 27 - 37.
Hammersely M & Atkinson P (1990) Ethnography Principles in Practice. Routledge, New York.
Houde SC (1998) Predictors of elders' and family caregivers' use of formal home services. Research in Nursing & Health 21, 533 - 543.
Strauss A & Corbin J (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage, Newbury Park.
Casey E, O'Connell J & Price J (1984) Perception of educational needs for patients after myocardial infarction. Patient Education and Counseling 6, 77 - 82.
Caplan G (1981) Support Systems and Community Mental Health. Behavioral, New York.
Laborde JM & Powers MJ (1985) Life satisfaction, health control orientation and illness-related factors in persons with osteoarthritis. Research in Nursing & Health 8, 183 - 190.
Shah S, Vanclay F & Cooper B (1989) Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 42, 703 - 709.
Gerard PS & Peterson LM (1984) Learning needs of cardiac patients. Cardiovascular Nursing 20, 7 - 11.
Weidman J & North H (1987) Implementing the Omaha Classification System in a public health agency. Nursing Clinics of North America 22, 971 - 979.
Czar ML & Engler MM (1997) Perceived learning needs of patients with coronary artery disease using a questionnaire assessment tool. Heart and Lung 26, 109 - 117.
Appleton JV (1997) Establishing the validity and reliability of clinical practice guidelines used to identify families requiring increased health visitor support. Public health 111, 107 - 113.
Falk-Rafael AR (2001) Empowerment as a process of evolving consciousness: a model of empowered caring. Advances in Nursing Science 24, 1 - 16.
Van Nostrand JF, Miller B & Furner SE (1993) Selected issues in long-term care: profile of cognitive disability of nursing home residents and the use of informal and formal care by elderly in the community. Vital & Health Statistics - Series 3, Analytical & Epidemiological Studies 27, 143 - 185.
Woods NF & Catanzaro M (1988) Nursing Research Theory and Practice. Mosby, St Louis, MO, USA.
The Department of Statistics, Ministry of the interior Republic of China (2002) The Epideminological Survey, Taiwan. Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior ROC, Taipei, Taiwan.
Lynn MR (1986) Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research 35, 382 - 385.
Grarger CV, Dewis LS, Peter NC, Sherwood CC & Bsrett JE (1979) Stoke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel index measures. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 60, 14 - 17.
Wehby D & Brenner, P (1999) Perceived learning needs of patients with heart failure. Heart and Lung 28, 31 - 40.
Duffy ME (1987) Methodological triangulation: a vehicle for merging quantitative and qualitative research methods. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 19, 130 - 133.
Micheson J & Cowley S (2003) Empowerment or control? An analysis of the extent to which client participation is enabled during health visitor/client interactions using a structured health needs assessment tool. International Journal of Nursing Studies 40, 413 - 426.
Brezynski H, Pendon E, Lindsay P & Adam M (1998) Identification of the perceived learning needs of balloon angioplasty patients. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 9, 8 - 14.
Clegg A & Doherty B (2001) Health needs assessment in intermediate care of elderly people. British Journal of Nursing 10, 1269 - 1274.
Shih FJ, Meleis AI, Yu PJ, Hu WY, Lou MF & Huang GS (1998) Taiwanese patients' concerns and coping strategies: transition to cardiac surgery. Heart and Lung 27, 82 - 98.
Shih FJ & Huang LH (1996) A multidimensional model of the antecedents of stress and coping appraisals: an approach to studying patients' perceptions of post cardiac surgery pain and their coping strategies. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 12, 205 - 215.
Shih FJ, Gau ML, Mao HC & Lo Kao CH (2001) Empirical validation of the teaching course of spiritual care in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing 36, 333 - 346.
Blackburn C (1991) Poverty and Health: Working with Families. Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
Maggs C & Abedi HA (1997) Identifying the health needs of elderly people using the Omaha Classification Scheme. Journal of Advanced Nursing 26, 698 - 703.
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1998; 27
1984; 20
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1990; 14
1990; 15
1997; 26
2000; 21
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1985; 8
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1996
1994
2004
1993
1991
2002
1987; 19
2001; 24
1998; 21
1999; 6
1996; 12
1987; 16
1987; 22
1990
2000; 14
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1986; 8
2000
1995; 23
1984; 6
1986
1983
1981
1996; 4
2003; 40
2001; 36
1979; 60
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1989
2001; 10
1988
Caplan G (e_1_2_10_6_1) 1981
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Shai MY (e_1_2_10_34_1) 1993
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Weidman J (e_1_2_10_46_1) 1987; 22
Karlik BA (e_1_2_10_21_1) 1987; 16
Jackson S (e_1_2_10_20_1) 1996
Knafl KA (e_1_2_10_23_1) 1989
Nunnally JC (e_1_2_10_29_1) 1994
Hammersely M (e_1_2_10_17_1) 1990
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17239082 - J Clin Nurs. 2007 Feb;16(2):425-7
18482150 - J Clin Nurs. 2008 Jun;17(11):1533-4
J Clin Nurs. 2006 Jul;15(7):933
References_xml – reference: Sandelowski M (1986) The problem of rigor in qualitative research. Advances in Nursing Science 8, 27 - 37.
– reference: Duffy ME (1987) Methodological triangulation: a vehicle for merging quantitative and qualitative research methods. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 19, 130 - 133.
– reference: Wehby D & Brenner, P (1999) Perceived learning needs of patients with heart failure. Heart and Lung 28, 31 - 40.
– reference: Shih SN, Shih FJ, Chen CH & Lo Gau CH (2000) The forgotten faces: the lonely Journal of powerlessness experienced by elderly single Chinese men with heart disease in Taiwan. Geriatric Nursing 21, 254 - 259.
– reference: Shih SN & Shih FJ (2000) The Health Needs for Single Elderly of Heart Disease in the Hospitalization and Community Transition. National Sciences Council Republic of China Research Report, SC89-2320-B-010-063.
– reference: Maggs C & Abedi HA (1997) Identifying the health needs of elderly people using the Omaha Classification Scheme. Journal of Advanced Nursing 26, 698 - 703.
– reference: Micheson J & Cowley S (2003) Empowerment or control? An analysis of the extent to which client participation is enabled during health visitor/client interactions using a structured health needs assessment tool. International Journal of Nursing Studies 40, 413 - 426.
– reference: Caplan G (1981) Support Systems and Community Mental Health. Behavioral, New York.
– reference: Czar ML & Engler MM (1997) Perceived learning needs of patients with coronary artery disease using a questionnaire assessment tool. Heart and Lung 26, 109 - 117.
– reference: Nunnally JC & Berstein IH (1994) Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York.
– reference: Shai MY (1993) Long Term Care in Elderly Issues. We Whean, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
– reference: Hagenhoff BD, Feutz C, Conn VS, Sagehorn KK & Moranville-Hunziker M (1994) Patient education needs as reported by congestive heart failure patients and their nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 19, 685 - 690.
– reference: Strauss A & Corbin J (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage, Newbury Park.
– reference: Shih FJ (1996) Concepts related to Chinese patients' perceptions of health, illness, and person: issues of conceptual clarity. Accident and Emergency Nursing 4, 208 - 215.
– reference: Gerard PS & Peterson LM (1984) Learning needs of cardiac patients. Cardiovascular Nursing 20, 7 - 11.
– reference: Van Nostrand JF, Miller B & Furner SE (1993) Selected issues in long-term care: profile of cognitive disability of nursing home residents and the use of informal and formal care by elderly in the community. Vital & Health Statistics - Series 3, Analytical & Epidemiological Studies 27, 143 - 185.
– reference: Richards SH, Peters TJ, Coast J, Gunnell DJ, Darlow M & Pounsford J (2000) Inter-rater reliability of the Barthel ADL index: how does a researcher compare to a nurse? Clinical Rehabilitation 14, 72 - 78.
– reference: Jackson S, Varon V & Cleverly S (1996) Public Health Practitioner Perspectives on Empowerment: Definition, Strategies and Indicators. North York Community Health Promotion Research Unit, North York.
– reference: Woods NF & Catanzaro M (1988) Nursing Research Theory and Practice. Mosby, St Louis, MO, USA.
– reference: Shih SN & Shih FJ (1999) Health needs of elderly Chinese men living alone with heart disease during hospitalization transition. Nursing Ethics 6, 58 - 72.
– reference: The Department of Statistics, Ministry of the interior Republic of China (2002) The Epideminological Survey, Taiwan. Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior ROC, Taipei, Taiwan.
– reference: Neeman L (1995) Using the therapeutic relationship to promote and interning locus of control in elderly mental health clinics. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 23, 161 - 176.
– reference: Pearson P (1991) Clients perceptions: the use of case studies in developing theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing 16, 521 - 528.
– reference: Shah S, Vanclay F & Cooper B (1989) Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 42, 703 - 709.
– reference: Appleton JV (1997) Establishing the validity and reliability of clinical practice guidelines used to identify families requiring increased health visitor support. Public health 111, 107 - 113.
– reference: Karlik BA & Yarcheski A (1987) Learning needs of cardiac patients: a partial replication study. Heart and Lung 16, 544 - 551.
– reference: Shih FJ, Gau ML, Mao HC & Lo Kao CH (2001) Empirical validation of the teaching course of spiritual care in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing 36, 333 - 346.
– reference: Bureau of Health, Executive Yuan Republic of China (2004) Public Health in Taiwan ROC. Bureau of Health, Executive Yuan, ROC, Taiwan.
– reference: Grarger CV, Dewis LS, Peter NC, Sherwood CC & Bsrett JE (1979) Stoke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel index measures. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 60, 14 - 17.
– reference: World Health Organization (1989) Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000. Health for All Series 3. The author, Geneva.
– reference: Blackburn C (1991) Poverty and Health: Working with Families. Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
– reference: Chan V (1990) Content areas for cardiac teaching: patients' perceptions of the importance of teaching content after myocardial infarction. Journal of Advanced Nursing 15, 1139 - 1145.
– reference: Laborde JM & Powers MJ (1985) Life satisfaction, health control orientation and illness-related factors in persons with osteoarthritis. Research in Nursing & Health 8, 183 - 190.
– reference: Brezynski H, Pendon E, Lindsay P & Adam M (1998) Identification of the perceived learning needs of balloon angioplasty patients. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 9, 8 - 14.
– reference: Houde SC (1998) Predictors of elders' and family caregivers' use of formal home services. Research in Nursing & Health 21, 533 - 543.
– reference: Weidman J & North H (1987) Implementing the Omaha Classification System in a public health agency. Nursing Clinics of North America 22, 971 - 979.
– reference: Casey E, O'Connell J & Price J (1984) Perception of educational needs for patients after myocardial infarction. Patient Education and Counseling 6, 77 - 82.
– reference: Clegg A & Doherty B (2001) Health needs assessment in intermediate care of elderly people. British Journal of Nursing 10, 1269 - 1274.
– reference: Hammersely M & Atkinson P (1990) Ethnography Principles in Practice. Routledge, New York.
– reference: Lynn MR (1986) Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research 35, 382 - 385.
– reference: Shih FJ & Huang LH (1996) A multidimensional model of the antecedents of stress and coping appraisals: an approach to studying patients' perceptions of post cardiac surgery pain and their coping strategies. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 12, 205 - 215.
– reference: Falk-Rafael AR (2001) Empowerment as a process of evolving consciousness: a model of empowered caring. Advances in Nursing Science 24, 1 - 16.
– reference: Shih FJ, Meleis AI, Yu PJ, Hu WY, Lou MF & Huang GS (1998) Taiwanese patients' concerns and coping strategies: transition to cardiac surgery. Heart and Lung 27, 82 - 98.
– reference: Ying YW (1990) Exploratory models of major depression and implications for help-seeking among immigrant Chinese-American women. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 14, 393 - 408.
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Snippet Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community;...
Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community;...
The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to...
Aim. The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b)...
Research in Taiwan exploring the health needs of hospitalised elderly heart disease patients who live alone. A triangulation mixed-method design was used for...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Cardiovascular Diseases
Elderly People
Female
Health Information
Health Needs
Health Needs Instrument
Health Services Needs and Demand
Health Services Research - organization & administration
heart disease
Heart Diseases - therapy
Hospitalization
Humans
Male
Quality of Life
Research Design
Taiwan
Taiwanese single elderly
triangulation research
Title Health Needs Instrument for hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease: triangulation research design
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16238767
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Volume 14
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