The interlocking finger test in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects

• Published in: Journal of clinical neuroscience Vol. 29; pp. 145 - 148
• Main Authors: Souza, Carolina Pinto, Oliveira, Guiomar Nascimento, Foss, Maria Paula, Tumas, Vitor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Scotland Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2016
• Subjects: Aged; Apraxia; Bedside cognitive test; Cognition Disorders - diagnosis; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Cognition Disorders - psychology; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis; Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology; Dementia; Dementia - psychology; Depressive Disorder - etiology; Depressive Disorder - psychology; Educational Status; Female; Fingers - physiopathology; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Interlocking finger test; Male; Middle Aged; Neurology; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease - complications; Parkinson Disease - diagnosis; Parkinson Disease - psychology; Parkinson’s disease; Point-of-Care Testing; Wechsler Scales; Bedside cognitive test; Interlocking finger test; Apraxia; Parkinson’s disease; Dementia
• ISSN: 0967-5868; 1532-2653; 1532-2653
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.09.026

•The interlocking finger test (ILFT) is a bedside cognitive test of imitation of manual gestures that evaluates a combination of cognitive abilities.•The performance of healthy subjects on ILFT was influenced by age, but not by education or gender.•Parkinson’s disease (PD) frequently evolves to cognitive dysfunction and the ILFT scores were lower in patients with PD and dementia than in those with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment.•The ILFT may be a useful test to screen for dementia in patients with PD. The interlocking finger test (ILFT) is a bedside screening test in which the subject must imitate four bimanual finger gestures without symbolic meaning. We assessed the utility of the test in the cognitive evaluation of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We evaluated 88 healthy subjects and 101 patients with PD using a simplified motor score of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr and Schwab and England scales, Geriatric Depression Scale, Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire, Clinical Dementia Rating, Mini-Mental State Examination, clock drawing test, digit span, word list battery of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery, semantic verbal fluency test, and the ILFT. Diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment and dementia were made using the Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria. ILFT scores in healthy subjects correlated significantly with age (p=0.001) and only one healthy subject scored 2 in the test. ILFT scores were significantly lower in patients with PD and dementia (p=0.001) and significantly correlated with cognitive and functional tests, but not with depressive symptoms (p=0.607), Hoehn and Yahr scores (p=0.907), or Schwab and England scores (p=0.701). Twenty-five patients with dementia, three patients with mild cognitive impairment, and six patients with apparently normal cognition scored less than 3 in the ILFT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ILFT to discriminate patients with dementia from those without it was 0.76 (cut-off score of 3/2: sensitivity of 61%, specificity of 0.85). In conclusion, the ILFT seems to be a useful bedside test to assess cognitive impairment in patients with PD.