Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using the Ames test and in vitro micronucleus assay
► Genotoxicity of AgNPs was assessed using the Ames test and micronucleus assay. ► The AgNPs are negative in the Ames test and positive in the micronucleus assay. ► The micronucleus assay is more appropriate than the Ames test for the evaluation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial prope...
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| Published in | Mutation research Vol. 745; no. 1-2; pp. 4 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
14.06.2012
Elsevier BV |
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| Abstract | ► Genotoxicity of AgNPs was assessed using the Ames test and micronucleus assay. ► The AgNPs are negative in the Ames test and positive in the micronucleus assay. ► The micronucleus assay is more appropriate than the Ames test for the evaluation.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding nanomaterials is the extent to which existing genotoxicity assays are useful for evaluating the risks associated with their use. In this study, the genotoxicity of 5nm AgNPs was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and the in vitro micronucleus assay. Using the preincubation version of the Ames assay, Salmonella strains TA102, TA100, TA1537, TA98, and TA1535 were treated with 0.15–76.8μg/plate of the AgNPs. Toxicity limited the doses that could be assayed to 2.4–38.4μg/plate; no increases in mutant frequency over the vehicle control were found for the concentrations that could be assayed. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with 10–30μg/ml AgNPs, and additional cells were treated with water and 0.73gy X-rays as vehicle and positive controls. Micronucleus frequency was increased by the AgNP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 30μg/ml (with 45.4% relative population doubling), AgNPs induced a significant, 3.17-fold increase with a net increase of 1.60% in micronucleus frequency over the vehicle control, a weak positive response by our criteria. These results demonstrate that the 5nm AgNP are genotoxic in TK6 cells. Also, the data suggest that the in vitro micronucleus assay may be more appropriate than the Ames test for evaluating the genotoxicity of the AgNPs. |
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| AbstractList | Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding nanomaterials is the extent to which existing genotoxicity assays are useful for evaluating the risks associated with their use. In this study, the genotoxicity of 5 nm AgNPs was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and the in vitro micronucleus assay. Using the preincubation version of the Ames assay, Salmonella strains TA102, TA100, TA1537, TA98, and TA1535 were treated with 0.15-76.8 ...g/plate of the AgNPs. Toxicity limited the doses that could be assayed to 2.4-38.4 ...g/plate; no increases in mutant frequency over the vehicle control were found for the concentrations that could be assayed. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with 10-30 ...g/ml AgNPs, and additional cells were treated with water and 0.73 gy X-rays as vehicle and positive controls. Micronucleus frequency was increased by the AgNP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 30 ...g/ml (with 45.4% relative population doubling), AgNPs induced a significant, 3.17-fold increase with a net increase of 1.60% in micronucleus frequency over the vehicle control, a weak positive response by our criteria. These results demonstrate that the 5 nm AgNP are genotoxic in TK6 cells. Also, the data suggest that the in vitro micronucleus assay may be more appropriate than the Ames test for evaluating the genotoxicity of the AgNPs. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding nanomaterials is the extent to which existing genotoxicity assays are useful for evaluating the risks associated with their use. In this study, the genotoxicity of 5 nm AgNPs was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and the in vitro micronucleus assay. Using the preincubation version of the Ames assay, Salmonella strains TA102, TA100, TA1537, TA98, and TA1535 were treated with 0.15-76.8 μg/plate of the AgNPs. Toxicity limited the doses that could be assayed to 2.4-38.4 μg/plate; no increases in mutant frequency over the vehicle control were found for the concentrations that could be assayed. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with 10-30 μg/ml AgNPs, and additional cells were treated with water and 0.73 gy X-rays as vehicle and positive controls. Micronucleus frequency was increased by the AgNP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 30 μg/ml (with 45.4% relative population doubling), AgNPs induced a significant, 3.17-fold increase with a net increase of 1.60% in micronucleus frequency over the vehicle control, a weak positive response by our criteria. These results demonstrate that the 5 nm AgNP are genotoxic in TK6 cells. Also, the data suggest that the in vitro micronucleus assay may be more appropriate than the Ames test for evaluating the genotoxicity of the AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding nanomaterials is the extent to which existing genotoxicity assays are useful for evaluating the risks associated with their use. In this study, the genotoxicity of 5nm AgNPs was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and the in vitro micronucleus assay. Using the preincubation version of the Ames assay, Salmonella strains TA102, TA100, TA1537, TA98, and TA1535 were treated with 0.15-76.8 mu g/plate of the AgNPs. Toxicity limited the doses that could be assayed to 2.4-38.4 mu g/plate; no increases in mutant frequency over the vehicle control were found for the concentrations that could be assayed. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with 10-30 mu g/ml AgNPs, and additional cells were treated with water and 0.73gy X-rays as vehicle and positive controls. Micronucleus frequency was increased by the AgNP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 30 mu g/ml (with 45.4% relative population doubling), AgNPs induced a significant, 3.17-fold increase with a net increase of 1.60% in micronucleus frequency over the vehicle control, a weak positive response by our criteria. These results demonstrate that the 5nm AgNP are genotoxic in TK6 cells. Also, the data suggest that the in vitro micronucleus assay may be more appropriate than the Ames test for evaluating the genotoxicity of the AgNPs. ► Genotoxicity of AgNPs was assessed using the Ames test and micronucleus assay. ► The AgNPs are negative in the Ames test and positive in the micronucleus assay. ► The micronucleus assay is more appropriate than the Ames test for the evaluation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding nanomaterials is the extent to which existing genotoxicity assays are useful for evaluating the risks associated with their use. In this study, the genotoxicity of 5nm AgNPs was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays, the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and the in vitro micronucleus assay. Using the preincubation version of the Ames assay, Salmonella strains TA102, TA100, TA1537, TA98, and TA1535 were treated with 0.15–76.8μg/plate of the AgNPs. Toxicity limited the doses that could be assayed to 2.4–38.4μg/plate; no increases in mutant frequency over the vehicle control were found for the concentrations that could be assayed. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with 10–30μg/ml AgNPs, and additional cells were treated with water and 0.73gy X-rays as vehicle and positive controls. Micronucleus frequency was increased by the AgNP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 30μg/ml (with 45.4% relative population doubling), AgNPs induced a significant, 3.17-fold increase with a net increase of 1.60% in micronucleus frequency over the vehicle control, a weak positive response by our criteria. These results demonstrate that the 5nm AgNP are genotoxic in TK6 cells. Also, the data suggest that the in vitro micronucleus assay may be more appropriate than the Ames test for evaluating the genotoxicity of the AgNPs. |
| Author | Yan, Jian Mittelstaedt, Roberta A. Li, Yan Chen, Ying Chen, David H. Zhang, Yongbin Biris, Alexandru S. Heflich, Robert H. Chen, Tao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yan surname: Li fullname: Li, Yan organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: David H. surname: Chen fullname: Chen, David H. organization: Little Rock Central High School, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Jian surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Jian organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Ying surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ying organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Roberta A. surname: Mittelstaedt fullname: Mittelstaedt, Roberta A. organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Yongbin surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yongbin organization: Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Alexandru S. surname: Biris fullname: Biris, Alexandru S. organization: Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert H. surname: Heflich fullname: Heflich, Robert H. organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Tao surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Tao email: tao.chen@fda.hhs.gov organization: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138422$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | ► Genotoxicity of AgNPs was assessed using the Ames test and micronucleus assay. ► The AgNPs are negative in the Ames test and positive in the micronucleus... Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial properties, which have contributed to their widespread use in consumer products. A current issue regarding... |
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| SubjectTerms | AMES test Animals Antimicrobial agents Assays Brain Cells Consumer products Consumers Data processing Genotoxicity Humans In vitro micronucleus assay Ionizing radiation Micronucleus Tests - methods Mutagenesis Mutagenicity Tests - methods Mutant frequency Mutants Mutation Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - toxicity Nanotechnology Salmonella Salmonella typhimurium - genetics Silver Silver - toxicity Silver nanoparticles Toxicity |
| Title | Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using the Ames test and in vitro micronucleus assay |
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