Structural relationship of child behavior and its evaluation during dental treatment

The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Oral Science Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 91 - 96
Main Authors Shinohara, Sachio, Nomura, Yoshiaki, Shingyouchi, Kaori, Takase, Atsuko, Ide, Masamichi, Moriyasu, Katsuya, Idaira, Yayoi, Takahashi, Tomohide, Yamada, Yumiko, Aoyagi, Yoko, Asada, Yoshinobu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Japan Nihon University School of Dentistry 2005
Subjects
Child
child behavior
Child Behavior - classification
Child Behavior - psychology
Child, Preschool
Defense Mechanisms
Dental Care for Children - psychology
Escape Reaction
Facial Expression
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Female
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale
Humans
Male
Models, Psychological
Personality Assessment
structural equation modeling
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. (J. Oral Sci. 47, 91-96, 2005)
AbstractList The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. (J. Oral Sci. 47, 91-96, 2005)
The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale.The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale.
The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale.
Author Idaira, Yayoi
Shingyouchi, Kaori
Yamada, Yumiko
Shinohara, Sachio
Ide, Masamichi
Aoyagi, Yoko
Nomura, Yoshiaki
Moriyasu, Katsuya
Asada, Yoshinobu
Takase, Atsuko
Takahashi, Tomohide
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Shinohara, Sachio
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Nomura, Yoshiaki
  organization: Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Health, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Shingyouchi, Kaori
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Takase, Atsuko
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 5
  fullname: Ide, Masamichi
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 6
  fullname: Moriyasu, Katsuya
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 7
  fullname: Idaira, Yayoi
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 8
  fullname: Takahashi, Tomohide
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 9
  fullname: Yamada, Yumiko
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 10
  fullname: Aoyagi, Yoko
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
– sequence: 11
  fullname: Asada, Yoshinobu
  organization: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16050489$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1kE1rGzEQhkVJaZy0x1yDTr2tK620X8c0tE3A0EPds5iVRraMrHUkrSH_PtvYcUKgl9ELet4ZeC7IWRgCEnLF2bwUQn7bDCmMycxlM-_4BzLjbcsK2ZX12ZSFFFMW8pxcpLRhTJZ1U30i57xmFZNtNyPLPzmOOo8RPI3oIbshpLXb0cFSvXbe0B7XsHdDpBAMdTlR3IMfn0FqxujCihoMeerniJC3U_5MPlrwCb8c30vy9-eP5e1dsfj96_72ZlFo2VW8kFZLo7E1pZbQSQG9brgxfcmNaJueoy2tqJnsQXdVBX0pwDYghYWm7q1txSX5eti7i8PDiCmrrUsavYeAw5hU3bK2lnU1gddHcOy3aNQuui3ER_XiYQKKA6DjkFJE-4ow9c-zOnpWslEdn3jxjtcuPzvJEZz_b-v7obVJGVZ4ugExO-3xLV0eRsdPn3oNUWEQT9lcnuM
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_263X_2011_01202_x
crossref_primary_10_17245_jdapm_2024_24_2_101
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jds_2016_03_003
crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10005_2108
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joms_2016_10_022
crossref_primary_10_1111_ipd_12213
crossref_primary_10_1111_ipd_13227
crossref_primary_10_1590_S1806_83242009000300013
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_263X_2010_01072_x
crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10029_1176
crossref_primary_10_1111_eos_12236
crossref_primary_10_1111_ipd_12657
crossref_primary_10_1590_1807_3107BOR_2016_vol30_0072
crossref_primary_10_1590_pboci_2020_097
crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare8020086
crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10005_1078
crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10005_2471
Cites_doi 10.5005/jcdp-5-1-126
10.1902/jop.2000.72.9.1246
10.1111/j.1365-263X.1993.tb00083.x
10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.00399.x
10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00011.x
10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01948.x
10.1080/000163501750157252
10.1111/j.1365-263X.1995.tb00170.x
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2005 by Nihon University School of Dentistry
Copyright_xml – notice: 2005 by Nihon University School of Dentistry
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.2334/josnusd.47.91
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Dentistry
EISSN 1880-4926
EndPage 96
ExternalDocumentID 16050489
10_2334_josnusd_47_91
article_josnusd_47_2_47_2_91_article_char_en
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
.55
29L
2WC
34H
3O-
53G
5GY
7.U
AAWTL
ABOCM
ADBBV
AENEX
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BAWUL
CS3
DIK
E3Z
EBD
EBS
EJD
F5P
JSF
JSH
KQ8
M~E
OK1
RJT
RNS
RZJ
TKC
TR2
WOW
X7M
AAYXX
CITATION
OVT
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c4951-4fc4dce8d2c4a943abc71ddb21d387b1ef2f3604bac955ab23af7a43fa76bff83
ISSN 1343-4934
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 15:43:08 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 28 07:45:44 EDT 2024
Tue Jul 01 00:19:26 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:53:02 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 17 20:28:16 EDT 2023
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4951-4fc4dce8d2c4a943abc71ddb21d387b1ef2f3604bac955ab23af7a43fa76bff83
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/josnusd/47/2/47_2_91/_article/-char/en
PMID 16050489
PQID 68086465
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_68086465
pubmed_primary_16050489
crossref_primary_10_2334_josnusd_47_91
crossref_citationtrail_10_2334_josnusd_47_91
jstage_primary_article_josnusd_47_2_47_2_91_article_char_en
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2005-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2005-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2005
  text: 2005-00-00
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Japan
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Japan
PublicationTitle Journal of Oral Science
PublicationTitleAlternate J Oral Sci
PublicationYear 2005
Publisher Nihon University School of Dentistry
Publisher_xml – name: Nihon University School of Dentistry
References 14. Nakai Y (1996) Behavioral science on dental fear in pediatric dentistry: relationship between behavior and the nasal skin temperature. Ped Dent J 6, 39-55
1. The American Academy of Pediatric (1994) Guidelines for behavior management of The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Va Dent J 71, 20-25
3. Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR (1962) Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child 29, 150-163
6. Parkin SF (1988) The assessment of two dental anxiety rating scales for children. ASDC J Dent Child 55, 269-272
20. Hakeberg M, Hagglin C, Berggren U, Carlsson SG (2001) Structural relationships of dental anxiety, mood, and general anxiety. Acta Odontol Scand 59, 99-103
15. Yoshida T (1998) The assessment of dental anxiety: its relationships with trait anxiety, state anxiety, and nasal skin temperature. Ped Dent J 8, 45-59
2. Do C (2004) Applying the social leaning theory to children with dental anxiety. J Contemp Dent Pract 5, 1-8
9. Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM (1993) The dental fear survey schedule: a study with Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 3, 193-198
19. Tsurumoto A, Wright FA, Kitamura T, Fukushima M, Campain AC, Morgan MV (1998) Cross-cultural comparison of attitudes and opinions on fluorides and fluoridation between Australia and Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 26, 182-193
8. Yamada MK, Tanabe Y, Sano T, Noda T (2002) Cooperation during dental treatment: the children's fear survey schedule in Japanese children. Int J Paediatr Dent 12, 404-409
4. Tsuchiya T, Hozawa S, Waki N, Kurosu K (1975) Effectiveness of audioanalgesia in Dental Procedure. 1. Questionnaire and observation of external behavior in children. Aichi Gakuin Daigaku Shigakkai Shi 13, 184-198 (in Japanese)
13. Sakuma N, Nagasaka N (1996) Changes in urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in pediatric dental patients. ASDC J Dent Child 63, 118-122
7. Klingberg G, Lofqvist LV, Hwang CP (1995) Validity of the children's dental fear picture test (CDFP). Eur J Oral Sci 103, 55-60
10. Hosey MT, Blinkhorn AS (1995) An evaluation of four methods of assessing the behaviour of anxious child dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 5, 87-95
12. Akyuz S, Pince S, Hekin N (1996) Children's stress during a restorative dental treatment: assessment using salivary cortisol measurements. J Clin Pediatr Dent 20, 219-223
17. Tanabe Y, Sano T, Taguchi Y, Noda T (2002) Relationship between dental fear and experience of dental injection in cooperative and uncooperative child patients - CFSS-DS in Japanese children-. Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi 40, 667-674 (in Japanese)
16. Weinstein P, Getz T, Domoto P (1985) Temporal patterns of the behavior of young children in the dental chair. J Pedod 9, 188-199
11. Colares V, Richman L (2002) Factors associated with uncooperative behavior by Brazilian preschool children in the dental office. ASDC J Dent Child 69, 87-91
18. Kawamura M, Tsurumoto A, Fukuda S, Sasahara H (2001) Health behaviors and their relation to metabolic control and periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients: a model tested using a linear structural relations program. J Periodontol 72, 1246-1253
5. Leventhal H, Sharp E (1965) Facial expression as indicators of distress. In Affect, cognition and personality: empirical studies, Tomkins SS, Izard CE eds, Springer, New York, 296-318
11
12
13
NAKAI Y (14) 1996; 6
16
17
18
19
YOSHIDA T (15) 1998; 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
10
References_xml – reference: 7. Klingberg G, Lofqvist LV, Hwang CP (1995) Validity of the children's dental fear picture test (CDFP). Eur J Oral Sci 103, 55-60
– reference: 5. Leventhal H, Sharp E (1965) Facial expression as indicators of distress. In Affect, cognition and personality: empirical studies, Tomkins SS, Izard CE eds, Springer, New York, 296-318
– reference: 16. Weinstein P, Getz T, Domoto P (1985) Temporal patterns of the behavior of young children in the dental chair. J Pedod 9, 188-199
– reference: 17. Tanabe Y, Sano T, Taguchi Y, Noda T (2002) Relationship between dental fear and experience of dental injection in cooperative and uncooperative child patients - CFSS-DS in Japanese children-. Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi 40, 667-674 (in Japanese)
– reference: 9. Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM (1993) The dental fear survey schedule: a study with Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 3, 193-198
– reference: 1. The American Academy of Pediatric (1994) Guidelines for behavior management of The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Va Dent J 71, 20-25
– reference: 4. Tsuchiya T, Hozawa S, Waki N, Kurosu K (1975) Effectiveness of audioanalgesia in Dental Procedure. 1. Questionnaire and observation of external behavior in children. Aichi Gakuin Daigaku Shigakkai Shi 13, 184-198 (in Japanese)
– reference: 6. Parkin SF (1988) The assessment of two dental anxiety rating scales for children. ASDC J Dent Child 55, 269-272
– reference: 2. Do C (2004) Applying the social leaning theory to children with dental anxiety. J Contemp Dent Pract 5, 1-8
– reference: 13. Sakuma N, Nagasaka N (1996) Changes in urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in pediatric dental patients. ASDC J Dent Child 63, 118-122
– reference: 10. Hosey MT, Blinkhorn AS (1995) An evaluation of four methods of assessing the behaviour of anxious child dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 5, 87-95
– reference: 15. Yoshida T (1998) The assessment of dental anxiety: its relationships with trait anxiety, state anxiety, and nasal skin temperature. Ped Dent J 8, 45-59
– reference: 11. Colares V, Richman L (2002) Factors associated with uncooperative behavior by Brazilian preschool children in the dental office. ASDC J Dent Child 69, 87-91
– reference: 14. Nakai Y (1996) Behavioral science on dental fear in pediatric dentistry: relationship between behavior and the nasal skin temperature. Ped Dent J 6, 39-55
– reference: 18. Kawamura M, Tsurumoto A, Fukuda S, Sasahara H (2001) Health behaviors and their relation to metabolic control and periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients: a model tested using a linear structural relations program. J Periodontol 72, 1246-1253
– reference: 8. Yamada MK, Tanabe Y, Sano T, Noda T (2002) Cooperation during dental treatment: the children's fear survey schedule in Japanese children. Int J Paediatr Dent 12, 404-409
– reference: 12. Akyuz S, Pince S, Hekin N (1996) Children's stress during a restorative dental treatment: assessment using salivary cortisol measurements. J Clin Pediatr Dent 20, 219-223
– reference: 19. Tsurumoto A, Wright FA, Kitamura T, Fukushima M, Campain AC, Morgan MV (1998) Cross-cultural comparison of attitudes and opinions on fluorides and fluoridation between Australia and Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 26, 182-193
– reference: 20. Hakeberg M, Hagglin C, Berggren U, Carlsson SG (2001) Structural relationships of dental anxiety, mood, and general anxiety. Acta Odontol Scand 59, 99-103
– reference: 3. Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR (1962) Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child 29, 150-163
– ident: 17
– ident: 2
  doi: 10.5005/jcdp-5-1-126
– ident: 3
– volume: 6
  start-page: 39
  issn: 0917-2394
  issue: 1
  year: 1996
  ident: 14
– ident: 18
  doi: 10.1902/jop.2000.72.9.1246
– ident: 9
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.1993.tb00083.x
– ident: 5
– volume: 8
  start-page: 45
  issn: 0917-2394
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  ident: 15
– ident: 4
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.00399.x
– ident: 1
– ident: 12
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00011.x
– ident: 11
– ident: 13
– ident: 16
– ident: 19
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01948.x
– ident: 6
– ident: 20
  doi: 10.1080/000163501750157252
– ident: 10
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.1995.tb00170.x
SSID ssj0042675
Score 1.7229568
Snippet The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment....
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
jstage
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 91
SubjectTerms Child
child behavior
Child Behavior - classification
Child Behavior - psychology
Child, Preschool
Defense Mechanisms
Dental Care for Children - psychology
Escape Reaction
Facial Expression
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Female
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale
Humans
Male
Models, Psychological
Personality Assessment
structural equation modeling
Title Structural relationship of child behavior and its evaluation during dental treatment
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/josnusd/47/2/47_2_91/_article/-char/en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16050489
https://www.proquest.com/docview/68086465
Volume 47
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
ispartofPNX Journal of Oral Science, 2005, Vol.47(2), pp.91-96
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JbxMxFLagINELYm9YfUCcmJDxMos4VSyqQCAhUqmcRl5bKB1XTXKAX8_zMp4EEQm4WCPbGVv-vrx5tt-C0NO6kSUpJS2kVE3B9EwWsuamUDVXWsEnjmnvKPzhY3VwyN4d8aPRrDl4lyzlVP38o1_J_6AKdYCr95L9B2TzS6ECngFfKAFhKP8K488h-GsInHExGLV54ytvKu6dtLMTfr4iGIN7Dw6KOvpDZoPzLdpqcORPn8t8KnPytXc-4HM8WoYhXT5bdmerWP_FwZRATV3_0fEP53OwRGsOd5Hb5uJUxESP-8vF6tRtHEnwNflJGS1Ym84nk4CNITUTkciatIx5un4X4oRS5oW4W_SrhZ6yerrZDzA4PwuIlrAXAwnUjt-ybGE4NF1GVwhsIHxui_ef8v0SqCUhBHOeboy-6kd-sTGujymb3rShuFz9Brr7sdm-LQnqyfwGup6QwvuRJDfRJdPfQtdee1swn87vNpqPZMHrZMHO4kAWPJAFA1kwkAWPZMGRLDiSBWey3EGHb9_MXx0UKaVGoWAnXBbMKqaVaTRRTLSMCqnqUmtJSk2bWpbGEkurGZNCtZwLSaiwtWDUirqS1jb0LtrpXW_2ECZ61hgjKyakZVJxKUFb5cJqpkAp5XKCng_r1akUb96nPfnewb7Tr3SXVrpjddeWE_Qsdz-PgVa2dXwZFz93S_-_9W4kFm2ZG70TI8iMCXoyINaBIPW3Y6I3brXofA6ailV8gu5FIMdpJAbc39ryAO2GkL7haO4h2gFAzSNQVpfyceDdLxWJn1Y
linkProvider Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Structural+relationship+of+child+behavior+and+its+evaluation+during+dental+treatment&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+oral+science&rft.au=Shinohara%2C+Sachio&rft.au=Nomura%2C+Yoshiaki&rft.au=Shingyouchi%2C+Kaori&rft.au=Takase%2C+Atsuko&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=1343-4934&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft_id=info:doi/10.2334%2Fjosnusd.47.91&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16050489&rft.externalDocID=16050489
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1343-4934&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1343-4934&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1343-4934&client=summon