Dual-structure-breaking electrolyte enables practical cadmium-metal battery

High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-bre...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 5619 - 14
Main Authors Cui, Yang-Feng, Song, Hao-Bin, Yao, Jing-Jing, Hao, Qi, Li, Xue-Liang, Li, Yi-Fan, Guo, Bin-Bin, Zhu, Yun-Hai, Yang, Hui Ying
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/301/299/891
639/4077/4079/891
639/638/161/891
639/638/675
Alternative energy sources
Ammonium chloride
Batteries
Cadmium
Capacitance
Charge transfer
Corrosion
Corrosion resistance
Dendrites
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Energy resources
Energy storage
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hydrogen
Kinetics
Metals
multidisciplinary
Plating
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sustainable energy
Viscosity
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Abstract High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl 2 and NH 4 Cl. The addition of NH 4 Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH 4 + and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl 4 ] 2– ), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems. High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.
AbstractList High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl2 and NH4Cl. The addition of NH4Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH4+ and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl4]2-), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems.High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl2 and NH4Cl. The addition of NH4Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH4+ and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl4]2-), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems.
High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl 2 and NH 4 Cl. The addition of NH 4 Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH 4 + and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl 4 ] 2– ), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems. High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.
Abstract High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl2 and NH4Cl. The addition of NH4Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH4 + and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl4]2–), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems.
High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl2 and NH4Cl. The addition of NH4Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH4+ and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl4]2–), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems.High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems yet face detrimental parasitic reactions. Here, authors develop a durable cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics dual-structure-breaking electrolyte.
High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and corrosion in metal negative electrodes. To address these issues, we report an aqueous cadmium-metal battery employing a fast-kinetics structure-breaking electrolyte composed of CdCl and NH Cl. The addition of NH Cl induces the formation of dual structure breakers, NH and tetrachlorocomplex ([CdCl ] ), which facilitate fast charge transfer kinetics in aqueous cadmium-metal batteries and endow dendrite-free/corrosion-resistant capabilities to Cd negative electrodes. This tailored electrolyte realizes a convincing Coulombic efficiency (99.93%) for Cd plating/stripping behavior at a high Cd utilization of 55%, making it suitable for practical applications. Moreover, the fast-kinetics aqueous cadmium-metal batteries exhibit remarkable compatibility with diverse types of positive electrodes, including conversion-, coordination-, intercalation- and capacitance-type, offering enhanced rate performance and durable rechargeable stability. These results establish a robust and scalable aqueous battery design for sustainable energy storage systems.
ArticleNumber 5619
Author Li, Yi-Fan
Zhu, Yun-Hai
Song, Hao-Bin
Hao, Qi
Yao, Jing-Jing
Cui, Yang-Feng
Li, Xue-Liang
Guo, Bin-Bin
Yang, Hui Ying
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Snippet High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite and...
Abstract High-energy aqueous metal batteries are promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems but face critical challenges of dendrite...
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SubjectTerms 639/301/299/891
639/4077/4079/891
639/638/161/891
639/638/675
Alternative energy sources
Ammonium chloride
Batteries
Cadmium
Capacitance
Charge transfer
Corrosion
Corrosion resistance
Dendrites
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Energy resources
Energy storage
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hydrogen
Kinetics
Metals
multidisciplinary
Plating
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sustainable energy
Viscosity
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Title Dual-structure-breaking electrolyte enables practical cadmium-metal battery
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-025-60740-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40595533
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