NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to goldfish (Carassius auratus)

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology Vol. 146; pp. 82 - 92
• Main Authors: Li, Minghui, Wang, Junsong, Lu, Zhaoguang, Wei, Dandan, Yang, Minghua, Kong, Lingyi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.01.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: 1H NMR spectroscopy; Agnatha. Pisces; alanine; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; aquatic environment; Behavior, Animal - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; brain; Brain - drug effects; Carassius auratus; choline; discriminant analysis; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates; energy; Energy Metabolism - drug effects; Freshwater; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; goldfish; Goldfish (Carassius auratus); Goldfish - metabolism; Goldfish - physiology; heart; Heart - drug effects; isoleucine; Kidney - drug effects; kidneys; lactic acid; Lambda-cyhalothrin; least squares; leucine; liver; Liver - drug effects; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; metabolites; Metabolomics; myo-inositol; neurotransmitters; Nitriles - toxicity; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; phosphocreatine; pollution; Pyrethrins - toxicity; Synaptic Transmission - drug effects; taurine; tissues; toxicity; valine; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Metabolomics; Goldfish (Carassius auratus); 1H NMR spectroscopy; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Insecticide; Metabolite; Toxicity; Pesticides; Pyrethroids; NMR spectrometry; Two dimension spectrometry; Hydrogen 1; Freshwater environment; H NMR spectroscopy; Pollutant; Tissue; Vertebrata; Carassius auratus; Histopathology; Pisces
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.024
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514

•A goldfish model was established to investigate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) exposure on multiple organs.•NMR based metabolomics approach were firstly used to provide a global view of the toxicity of LCT.•LCT induced neurotransmitters and osmoregulatory imbalances, oxidative stress, energy and amino acid metabolic disorders.•Glutamate–glutamine–GABA axis as a potential target for LCT toxicity was first found. In this study, a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). LCT showed tissue-specific damage to gill, heart, liver and kidney tissues of goldfish. NMR profiling combined with statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and two-dimensional statistical total correlation spectroscopy (2D-STOCSY) was developed to discern metabolite changes occurring after one week LCT exposure in brain, heart and kidney tissues of goldfish. LCT exposure influenced levels of many metabolites (e.g., leucine, isoleucine and valine in brain and kidney; lactate in brain, heart and kidney; alanine in brain and kidney; choline in brain, heart and kidney; taurine in brain, heart and kidney; N-acetylaspartate in brain; myo-inositol in brain; phosphocreatine in brain and heart; 2-oxoglutarate in brain; cis-aconitate in brain, and etc.), and broke the balance of neurotransmitters and osmoregulators, evoked oxidative stress, disturbed metabolisms of energy and amino acids. The implication of glutamate–glutamine–gamma-aminobutyric axis in LCT induced toxicity was demonstrated for the first time. Our findings demonstrated the applicability and potential of metabolomics approach for the elucidation of toxicological effects of pesticides and the underlying mechanisms, and the discovery of biomarkers for pesticide pollution in aquatic environment.