Human cytomegalovirus-infected cells release extracellular vesicles that carry viral surface proteins

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells typically incorporate host and viral components inside the vesicles (cargo molecules). Here, we investigated if human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins are incorporated in EV outer membrane released by HCMV-infected cells. We separated EVs...

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Published in	Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 524; pp. 97 - 105
Main Authors	Zicari, Sonia, Arakelyan, Anush, Palomino, Rogers Alberto Ñahui, Fitzgerald, Wendy, Vanpouille, Christophe, Lebedeva, Anna, Schmitt, Alain, Bomsel, Morgane, Britt, William, Margolis, Leonid
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2018 Elsevier
Subjects	Biomarkers - analysis Cytomegalovirus - metabolism Cytomegalovirus Infections - virology Extracellular vesicles Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism Extracellular Vesicles - virology Genes, Reporter HCMV Humans Immunology Life Sciences Protein Transport rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins - analysis Tetraspanin 30 - analysis Triiodobenzoic Acids Viral Matrix Proteins - metabolism Virion Extracellular vesicles gH gB HCMV
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Abstract	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells typically incorporate host and viral components inside the vesicles (cargo molecules). Here, we investigated if human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins are incorporated in EV outer membrane released by HCMV-infected cells. We separated EVs from HCMV using an iodixanol step-gradient and found that the separated vesicles carried EV markers such as the tetraspanin CD63 and Rab27A. Flow analysis of individual EVs demonstrated that on average, 15 ± 3.7% of EVs were positive for gB, 5.3 ± 2.3% were positive for gH and 3.74 ± 1.5% were positive for both gB and gH. In light of previous findings demonstrating HIV envelope proteins in EV membranes, the presence of viral protein at the surface of EVs released by HCMV-infected cells indicated that viral membrane proteins incorporated in EVs released by virus-infected cells may be a general phenomenon. •Cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) release both virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs).•EVs were separated by centrifugation on a iodixanol step-gradient and analyzed with flow cytometry.•These EVs carried typical EV markers along with HCMV envelope proteins, such as gB and gH.•Production by infected cells of EVs carrying various viral proteins is a general phenomenon for various viruses.
AbstractList	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells typically incorporate host and viral components inside the vesicles (cargo molecules). Here, we investigated if human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins are incorporated in EV outer membrane released by HCMV-infected cells. We separated EVs from HCMV using an iodixanol step-gradient and found that the separated vesicles carried EV markers such as the tetraspanin CD63 and Rab27A. Flow analysis of individual EVs demonstrated that on average, 15 ± 3.7% of EVs were positive for gB, 5.3 ± 2.3% were positive for gH and 3.74 ± 1.5% were positive for both gB and gH. In light of previous findings demonstrating HIV envelope proteins in EV membranes, the presence of viral protein at the surface of EVs released by HCMV-infected cells indicated that viral membrane proteins incorporated in EVs released by virus-infected cells may be a general phenomenon. •Cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) release both virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs).•EVs were separated by centrifugation on a iodixanol step-gradient and analyzed with flow cytometry.•These EVs carried typical EV markers along with HCMV envelope proteins, such as gB and gH.•Production by infected cells of EVs carrying various viral proteins is a general phenomenon for various viruses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells typically incorporate host and viral components inside the vesicles (cargo molecules). Here, we investigated if human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins are incorporated in EV outer membrane released by HCMV-infected cells. We separated EVs from HCMV using an iodixanol step-gradient and found that the separated vesicles carried EV markers such as the tetraspanin CD63 and Rab27A. Flow analysis of individual EVs demonstrated that on average, 15 ± 3.7% of EVs were positive for gB, 5.3 ± 2.3% were positive for gH and 3.74 ± 1.5% were positive for both gB and gH. In light of previous findings demonstrating HIV envelope proteins in EV membranes, the presence of viral protein at the surface of EVs released by HCMV-infected cells indicated that viral membrane proteins incorporated in EVs released by virus-infected cells may be a general phenomenon.
Author	Vanpouille, Christophe Bomsel, Morgane Britt, William Palomino, Rogers Alberto Ñahui Fitzgerald, Wendy Zicari, Sonia Margolis, Leonid Arakelyan, Anush Schmitt, Alain Lebedeva, Anna
AuthorAffiliation	a Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States e UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris, France b Evdokimov University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia f Mucosal entry of HIV and mucosal immunity, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France c EM Facility, Paris, France d U1016INSERM, Paris, France g Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Neurobiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: a Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – name: b Evdokimov University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia – name: g Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Neurobiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States – name: d U1016INSERM, Paris, France – name: c EM Facility, Paris, France – name: f Mucosal entry of HIV and mucosal immunity, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France – name: e UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris, France
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Sonia orcidid: 0000-0003-1240-8057 surname: Zicari fullname: Zicari, Sonia organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Anush surname: Arakelyan fullname: Arakelyan, Anush organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Rogers Alberto Ñahui surname: Palomino fullname: Palomino, Rogers Alberto Ñahui organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Wendy surname: Fitzgerald fullname: Fitzgerald, Wendy organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Christophe surname: Vanpouille fullname: Vanpouille, Christophe organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Anna surname: Lebedeva fullname: Lebedeva, Anna organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States – sequence: 7 givenname: Alain surname: Schmitt fullname: Schmitt, Alain organization: EM Facility, Paris, France – sequence: 8 givenname: Morgane surname: Bomsel fullname: Bomsel, Morgane organization: U1016INSERM, Paris, France – sequence: 9 givenname: William surname: Britt fullname: Britt, William organization: Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and Neurobiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States – sequence: 10 givenname: Leonid surname: Margolis fullname: Margolis, Leonid email: margolil@helix.nih.gov organization: Section of Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Present address: Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
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Snippet	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells typically incorporate host and viral components inside the vesicles (cargo molecules). Here, we...
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SubjectTerms	Biomarkers - analysis Cytomegalovirus - metabolism Cytomegalovirus Infections - virology Extracellular vesicles Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism Extracellular Vesicles - virology Genes, Reporter HCMV Humans Immunology Life Sciences Protein Transport rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins - analysis Tetraspanin 30 - analysis Triiodobenzoic Acids Viral Matrix Proteins - metabolism Virion
Title	Human cytomegalovirus-infected cells release extracellular vesicles that carry viral surface proteins
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30165311 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2098770572 https://hal.science/hal-02348422 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6258833
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