An In Vitro Pilot Fermentation Study on the Impact of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolites in Healthy and Coeliac Subjects
The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequen...
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| Published in | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 8; p. 2330 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by1H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in the healthy donor, while an increase in Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. C. pyrenoidosa also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate (p < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 (p < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with C. pyrenoidosa. This is the first in vitro fermentation study of C. pyrenoidosa and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy. |
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| AbstractList | The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by1H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in the healthy donor, while an increase in Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. C. pyrenoidosa also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate (p < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 (p < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with C. pyrenoidosa. This is the first in vitro fermentation study of C. pyrenoidosa and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy. The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by1H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in the healthy donor, while an increase in Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. C. pyrenoidosa also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate (p < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 (p < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with C. pyrenoidosa. This is the first in vitro fermentation study of C. pyrenoidosa and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy.The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by1H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in the healthy donor, while an increase in Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. C. pyrenoidosa also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate (p < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 (p < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with C. pyrenoidosa. This is the first in vitro fermentation study of C. pyrenoidosa and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy. The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, and in the healthy donor, while an increase in , and and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate ( < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 ( < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with . This is the first in vitro fermentation study of and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy. The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of C. pyrenoidosa on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in the healthy donor, while an increase in Faecalibacterium , Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. C. pyrenoidosa also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate ( p < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 ( p < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with C. pyrenoidosa . This is the first in vitro fermentation study of C. pyrenoidosa and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy. |
| Author | Brigidi, Patrizia Costabile, Adele van der Linde, Carmen Keleszade, Enver Barone, Monica Swann, Jonathan R. Turroni, Silvia |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; patrizia.brigidi@unibo.it 4 School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; j.swann@soton.ac.uk 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; carmen.linde8@gmail.com (C.v.d.L.); keleszae@roehampton.ac.uk (E.K.) 5 Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK 2 Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; monica.barone@unibo.it (M.B.); silvia.turroni@unibo.it (S.T.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; j.swann@soton.ac.uk – name: 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; carmen.linde8@gmail.com (C.v.d.L.); keleszae@roehampton.ac.uk (E.K.) – name: 2 Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; monica.barone@unibo.it (M.B.); silvia.turroni@unibo.it (S.T.) – name: 5 Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK – name: 3 Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; patrizia.brigidi@unibo.it |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carmen surname: van der Linde fullname: van der Linde, Carmen – sequence: 2 givenname: Monica surname: Barone fullname: Barone, Monica – sequence: 3 givenname: Silvia orcidid: 0000-0003-2345-9482 surname: Turroni fullname: Turroni, Silvia – sequence: 4 givenname: Patrizia surname: Brigidi fullname: Brigidi, Patrizia – sequence: 5 givenname: Enver orcidid: 0000-0002-8779-0863 surname: Keleszade fullname: Keleszade, Enver – sequence: 6 givenname: Jonathan R. surname: Swann fullname: Swann, Jonathan R. – sequence: 7 givenname: Adele orcidid: 0000-0003-3185-030X surname: Costabile fullname: Costabile, Adele |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | metabolism gut microbiome in vitro gut model C. pyrenoidosa |
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| Title | An In Vitro Pilot Fermentation Study on the Impact of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolites in Healthy and Coeliac Subjects |
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