Virus inactivation by salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt in a 3D collagen matrix model for natural sausage casings
Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly co...
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Published in | International journal of food microbiology Vol. 148; no. 2; pp. 128 - 134 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
02.08.2011
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Abstract | Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an
in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25
°C) during a period of 30
days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4
°C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12
°C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20
°C and 25
°C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48
h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this
in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20
°C or higher for a period of 30
days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings.
► To study virus inactivation in natural casings a 3D collagen matrix model was used. ► Inactivation of FMDV, CSFV, SVDV and ASFV was studied at 4, 12, 20, 25
°C for 30
days. ► Treatment with phosphate salt mixture was superior over salt to inactivate viruses. ► Phosphate salt and storage at 20
°C for 30
days is sufficient for virus inactivation. ► This treatment reduces risks of spread of viruses by international trade in casings. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 °C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 °C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 °C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 °C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings.Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 °C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 °C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 °C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 °C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings. Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 °C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 °C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 °C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 °C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 [deg]C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 [deg]C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 [deg]C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 [deg]C and 25 [deg]C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 [deg]C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings. Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 °C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 °C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 °C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 °C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings. ► To study virus inactivation in natural casings a 3D collagen matrix model was used. ► Inactivation of FMDV, CSFV, SVDV and ASFV was studied at 4, 12, 20, 25 °C for 30 days. ► Treatment with phosphate salt mixture was superior over salt to inactivate viruses. ► Phosphate salt and storage at 20 °C for 30 days is sufficient for virus inactivation. ► This treatment reduces risks of spread of viruses by international trade in casings. Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25 °C) during a period of 30 days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4 °C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12 °C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48 h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20 °C or higher for a period of 30 days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings. Due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. In order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). We used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model in which cells, infected with the four different viruses were embedded in a bovine collagen type I gel matrix and treated with either saturated salt (NaCl) or phosphate supplemented saturated salt at four different temperatures (4, 12, 20 and 25°C) during a period of 30days. The results showed that all viruses were faster inactivated at higher temperatures, but that stability of the various viruses at 4°C differed. Inactivation of FMDV in the 3D collagen matrix model showed a clear temperature and treatment effect on the reduction of FMDV titres. At 4 and 12°C phosphate supplemented salt showed a very strong FMDV inactivation during the first hour of incubation. Salt (NaCl) only had a minor effect on FMDV inactivation. Phosphate supplemented salt treatment increased the effect temperature had on inactivation of CSFV. In contrast, the salt (NaCl) treatment only increased CSFV inactivation at the higher temperatures (20°C and 25°C). Also SVDV inactivation was increased by phosphate supplemented salt, but salt (NaCl) treatment only resulted in a significant decrease of SVDV titre at a few time points. The ASFV results showed that both salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt were capable to inactivate ASFV within 48h. In contrast to the other viruses (FMDV, CSFV and SVDV), ASFV was the most stable virus even at higher temperatures. The results obtained in this in vitro model underline the efficacy of a combined treatment using phosphate supplemented salt and storage at 20°C or higher for a period of 30days. This treatment may therefore be useful in reducing the animal health risks posed by spread of contagious animal viruses by international trade of natural sausage casings. |
Author | Wijnker, Joris J. Dekker, Aldo Zijlstra-Willems, Esther M. Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert Wieringa-Jelsma, Tinka Maas, Riks Wisselink, Henk J. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tinka surname: Wieringa-Jelsma fullname: Wieringa-Jelsma, Tinka organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Joris J. surname: Wijnker fullname: Wijnker, Joris J. organization: Van Hessen BV, P.O. Box 220 NL-2910 AE, Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel, the Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Esther M. surname: Zijlstra-Willems fullname: Zijlstra-Willems, Esther M. organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Aldo surname: Dekker fullname: Dekker, Aldo organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: Norbert surname: Stockhofe-Zurwieden fullname: Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Riks surname: Maas fullname: Maas, Riks organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands – sequence: 7 givenname: Henk J. surname: Wisselink fullname: Wisselink, Henk J. email: henk.wisselink@wur.nl organization: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21632134$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | Collagen 3D matrix model African swine fever virus Foot-and-mouth disease virus Classical swine fever virus Swine vesicular disease virus Natural casings |
Language | English |
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SubjectTerms | African swine fever virus African Swine Fever Virus - drug effects animal health Animals Cattle Cell Line Classical swine fever virus Classical swine fever virus - drug effects Collagen Collagen 3D matrix model complete nucleotide-sequence diagnosis drug effects Enterovirus B Enterovirus B, Human Enterovirus B, Human - drug effects Food Contamination Food Contamination - prevention & control Food Microbiology foods Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus - drug effects gels hog inactivation temperature international trade intestines livestock Meat Products Meat Products - virology mechanical-properties mouth-disease Natural casings pathogenesis pharmacology phosphates Phosphates - pharmacology pigs prevention & control public health risk sausage casings sodium chloride Sodium Chloride - pharmacology Swine Swine vesicular disease virus swine-fever virus Temperature vesicular disease veterinary drugs virology Virus Inactivation viruses |
Title | Virus inactivation by salt (NaCl) and phosphate supplemented salt in a 3D collagen matrix model for natural sausage casings |
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