Deficiency of Essential Fatty Acids and Membrane Fluidity During Pregnancy and Lactation
In a group of 19 normal pregnant women, plasma lipids were extracted, phospholipids were isolated, and the fatty acid (FA) compositions were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were taken at 36 wk, at labor, and at 6 wk postpartum. The FA profiles showed deficiencies of ω6 and ω3...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 88; no. 11; pp. 4835 - 4839 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Washington, DC
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
01.06.1991
National Acad Sciences |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | In a group of 19 normal pregnant women, plasma lipids were extracted, phospholipids were isolated, and the fatty acid (FA) compositions were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were taken at 36 wk, at labor, and at 6 wk postpartum. The FA profiles showed deficiencies of ω6 and ω3 FA (ω indicating the length of the terminal saturated chain), the latter more severe, at all three times. Mean melting point (MMP) was calculated for each sample as an index of "fluidity" based upon all FA present. MMP varied linearly with total polyunsaturated FA and with double bond index, current measures of "fluidity" and essential FA status. MMP was elevated 9-11⚬C in plasma phospholipids of women during pregnancy and labor and postpartum. Lactating mothers showed less recovery from the deficiencies than did the nonlactating mothers, but neither approached normal at 6 wk. The changes seen in phospholipid profiles suggest a significant transfer of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated FA from the mother to the fetus. These FA are essential for normal fetal growth and development; their relative deficiency in maternal circulation suggests that dietary supplementation may be indicated. |
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AbstractList | In a group of 19 normal pregnant women, plasma lipids were extracted, phospholipids were isolated, and the fatty acid (FA) compositions were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were taken at 36 wk, at labor, and at 6 wk postpartum. The FA profiles showed deficiencies of ω6 and ω3 FA (ω indicating the length of the terminal saturated chain), the latter more severe, at all three times. Mean melting point (MMP) was calculated for each sample as an index of "fluidity" based upon all FA present. MMP varied linearly with total polyunsaturated FA and with double bond index, current measures of "fluidity" and essential FA status. MMP was elevated 9-11⚬C in plasma phospholipids of women during pregnancy and labor and postpartum. Lactating mothers showed less recovery from the deficiencies than did the nonlactating mothers, but neither approached normal at 6 wk. The changes seen in phospholipid profiles suggest a significant transfer of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated FA from the mother to the fetus. These FA are essential for normal fetal growth and development; their relative deficiency in maternal circulation suggests that dietary supplementation may be indicated. In a group of 19 normal pregnant women, plasma lipids were extracted, phospholipids were isolated, and the fatty acid (FA) compositions were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were taken at 36 wk, at labor, and at 6 wk postpartum. The FA profiles showed deficiencies of omega 6 and omega 3 FA (omega indicating the length of the terminal saturated chain), the latter more severe, at all three times. Mean melting point (MMP) was calculated for each sample as an index of "fluidity" based upon all FA present. MMP varied linearly with total polyunsaturated FA and with double bond index, current measures of "fluidity" and essential FA status. MMP was elevated 9-11 degrees C in plasma phospholipids of women during pregnancy and labor and postpartum. Lactating mothers showed less recovery from the deficiencies than did the nonlactating mothers, but neither approached normal at 6 wk. The changes seen in phospholipid profiles suggest a significant transfer of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated FA from the mother to the fetus. These FA are essential for normal fetal growth and development; their relative deficiency in maternal circulation suggests that dietary supplementation may be indicated. |
Author | Holman, Ralph T. Johnson, Susan B. Ogburn, Paul L. |
AuthorAffiliation | Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin 55912 |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin 55912 |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ralph T. surname: Holman fullname: Holman, Ralph T. – sequence: 2 givenname: Susan B. surname: Johnson fullname: Johnson, Susan B. – sequence: 3 givenname: Paul L. surname: Ogburn fullname: Ogburn, Paul L. |
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Keywords | Human Pregnancy Gas chromatography Lactation Polyunsaturated fatty acid Qualitative analysis Woman Melting point Concentration distribution Blood plasma |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry Biological and medical sciences Childbirth Essential fatty acids Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Essential - blood Fatty Acids, Essential - deficiency Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - blood Female Fetus Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Lactation Lactation - blood Lipids Membrane Fluidity Other biological molecules Parturition Phospholipids Phospholipids - blood Phospholipids - chemistry Postpartum Period - blood Pregnancy Pregnancy - blood Ratios Reference Values |
Title | Deficiency of Essential Fatty Acids and Membrane Fluidity During Pregnancy and Lactation |
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