Iron oxidation kinetics in an acidic alpine lake
Four experiments were performed to assess the role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxygenation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems. Experiments were carried out at Lake Cristallina, Ticino, Switzerland, and in the laboratory. Rate constants are presente...
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Published in | Water research (Oxford) Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 323 - 333 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
1994
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Four experiments were performed to assess the role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxygenation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems. Experiments were carried out at Lake Cristallina, Ticino, Switzerland, and in the laboratory. Rate constants are presented for homogeneous oxygenation in lakewater, for oxygenation by lake sediment under sterile and non-sterile conditions and for heterogeneous oxygenation in the presence of TiO
2, MnO
2, Fe
2O
3, Al
2O
3 and SiO
2. It was found that, on a surface area adjusted basis, TiO
2, MnO
2 and Fe
2O
3 were three orders of magnitude more effective in accelerating oxygenation than Al
2O
3 and SiO
2, suggesting that these minerals form strong, inner sphere complexes with Fe(II) in the pH range 4–6. Sterilization by gamma irradiation reduced oxygenation rate in the presence of lake sediment by two orders of magnitude on a surface area adjusted basis. Oxygenation in the presence of 0.44 μm filtered lakewater was not appreciably different from that in distilled water.
In situ experiments showed that oxygenation rate increased in the presence of sunlight. The heterogeneous rate constant for iron oxidation with lake sediment was 4.9 × 10
14 M
−2 atm
−1 s
−1 m
−2 and with pure minerals ranged from 1.8 × 10
10 to 5.3 × 10
13 M
−2 atm
−1 s
−1 m
−2. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Four experiments were performed to assess the role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxygenation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems. Experiments were carried out at Lake Cristallina, Ticino, Switzerland, and in the laboratory. Rate constants are presented for homogeneous oxygenation in lakewater, for oxygenation by lake sediment under sterile and non-sterile conditions and for heterogeneous oxygenation in the presence of TiO sub(2), MnO sub(2), Fe sub(2)O sub(3), Al sub(2)O sub(3) and SiO sub(2). It was found that, on a surface area adjusted basis, TiO sub(2), MnO sub(2) and Fe sub(2)O sub(3) were three orders of magnitude more effective in accelerating oxygenation than Al sub(2)O sub(3) and SiO sub(2), suggesting that these minerals form strong, inner sphere complexes with Fe(II) in the pH range 4-6. Sterilization by gamma irradiation reduced oxygenation rate in the presence of lake sediment by two orders of magnitude on a surface area adjusted basis. Oxygenation in the presence of 0.44 mu m filtered lakewater was not appreciably different from that in distilled water. In situ experiments showed that oxygenation rate increased in the presence of sunlight. The heterogeneous rate constant for iron oxidation with lake sediment was 4.9 x 10 super(14)/M super(2)/atm/s/m super(2) and with pure minerals ranged from 1.8 x 10 super(10) to 5.3 x 10 super(13)/M super(2)/atm/s/m super(2). The role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxidation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems was investigated in the laboratory and in Cristallina lake, Switzerland. Titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide and ferric oxide were more effective than aluminium oxide or silica in accelerating oxidation of ferrous iron. Gamma radiation reduced the rate of oxidation in the presence of lake sediments. Oxidation in filtered lake water was not dissimilar to that in distilled water. In-situ experiments showed that the rate of oxidation was increased by sunlight. Studies on in-situ oxidation of iron in lakes must take account of the types and character of minerals present, temperature, mass circulation, light input and ecology. There are 38 references. Four experiments were performed to assess the role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxygenation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems. Experiments were carried out at Lake Cristallina, Ticino, Switzerland, and in the laboratory. Rate constants are presented for homogeneous oxygenation in lakewater, for oxygenation by lake sediment under sterile and non-sterile conditions and for heterogeneous oxygenation in the presence of TiO 2, MnO 2, Fe 2O 3, Al 2O 3 and SiO 2. It was found that, on a surface area adjusted basis, TiO 2, MnO 2 and Fe 2O 3 were three orders of magnitude more effective in accelerating oxygenation than Al 2O 3 and SiO 2, suggesting that these minerals form strong, inner sphere complexes with Fe(II) in the pH range 4–6. Sterilization by gamma irradiation reduced oxygenation rate in the presence of lake sediment by two orders of magnitude on a surface area adjusted basis. Oxygenation in the presence of 0.44 μm filtered lakewater was not appreciably different from that in distilled water. In situ experiments showed that oxygenation rate increased in the presence of sunlight. The heterogeneous rate constant for iron oxidation with lake sediment was 4.9 × 10 14 M −2 atm −1 s −1 m −2 and with pure minerals ranged from 1.8 × 10 10 to 5.3 × 10 13 M −2 atm −1 s −1 m −2. Tests conducted in an acidified alpine lake in Switzerland and in the laboratory examined the influence of biological, photochemical, heterogeneous, and homogeneous processes on ferrous iron oxygenation in aquatic systems. Rate constants were determined for oxygenation by lake sediment under sterile and nonsterile conditions, homogeneous oxygenation in lake water, and heterogeneous oxygenation in the presence of manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, iron dioxide, titanium dioxide, and aluminum oxide. The Ti, Mn, and Fe compounds were three orders of magnitude more effective in stimulating oxygenation relative to the Al and Si compounds. Oxygenation rate increased under the influence of sunlight. |
Author | Stumm, W. Schnoor, J.L. Barry, R.C. Sigg, L. Sulzberger, B. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R.C. surname: Barry fullname: Barry, R.C. organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A – sequence: 2 givenname: J.L. surname: Schnoor fullname: Schnoor, J.L. – sequence: 3 givenname: B. surname: Sulzberger fullname: Sulzberger, B. organization: Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: L. surname: Sigg fullname: Sigg, L. organization: Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: W. surname: Stumm fullname: Stumm, W. |
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Keywords | acidic lake biogeochemistry of iron heterogeneous catalysis iron(II) oxidation Acidification Lakes Iron Oxidation Rate constant |
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Snippet | Four experiments were performed to assess the role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxygenation of ferrous iron in... The role of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological and photochemical processes in the oxidation of ferrous iron in aquatic ecosystems was investigated in the... Tests conducted in an acidified alpine lake in Switzerland and in the laboratory examined the influence of biological, photochemical, heterogeneous, and... |
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SubjectTerms | acidic lake Applied sciences biogeochemistry of iron Biological and physicochemical phenomena Exact sciences and technology Freshwater heterogeneous catalysis iron(II) oxidation Natural water pollution Pollution Water treatment and pollution |
Title | Iron oxidation kinetics in an acidic alpine lake |
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