Phonological Awareness Intervention Research: A Critical Review of the Experimental Methodology
The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, and statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria includ...
Saved in:
Published in | Reading research quarterly Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 28 - 52 |
---|---|
Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.1999
International Reading Association |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0034-0553 1936-2722 |
DOI | 10.1598/RRQ.34.1.3 |
Cover
Abstract | The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, and statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria included research hypotheses, participant selection and description, and generalization and maintenance measures. The most serious methodological flaws observed in many of the studies were (a) nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions; (b) failure to control for Hawthorne effects by providing alternate interventions to control groups; (c) insufficient or nonexistent assurance of fidelity of treatment; (d) poor measurement sensitivity; and (e) inadequately described samples. Only seven studies met two thirds or more of all the evaluative criteria, although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. The reported findings are compared with those of two similar methodological reviews. Suggestions for improvement of future intervention research are provided. /// [Spanish] El rigor metodológico de 39 estudios de intervención en conciencia fonológica fue evaluado sobre la base de criterios de validez interna y externa. Los criterios de validez interna comprendieron características generales de diseño, mediciones y tratamiento estadístico, en tanto que los criterios de validez externa incluyeron las hipótesis de la investigación, la selección y descripción de los participantes y la generalización y mantenimiento del efecto fuera de la situación experimental. Las fallas metodológicas más serias observadas en muchos de los estudios fueron (a) no asignar al azar a los participantes a las distintas condiciones; (b) ausencia de control de los efectos Hawthorne, al proveer intervenciones alternativas a los grupos de control; (c) insuficiencia o ausencia de certeza en la exactitud del tratamiento; (d) escasa sensibilidad de las mediciones y (e) muestras descriptas inadecuadamente. Sólo siete estudios reunieron dos tercios o más de todos los criterios de evaluación, aunque todas estas investigaciones demostraron al menos una falla fatal. Los hallazgos reportados se comparan con los de dos revisiones metodológicas similares. Se hacen sugerencias para mejorar las futuras investigaciones de intervención. /// [German] Die methodologische Rigorosität von 39 Studien phonologischer Eingriffe zur Bewußheitsförderung wurde aufgrund intern und extern gültiger Kriterien bewertet. Die intern angewandten Bewertungskriterien schließen generelle Auslegungscharakteristiken, Bemessung und statistische Behandlung bzw. Auswertung ein, während die extern gültigen Kriterien Forschungshypothesen, Teilnehmerauswahl und Beschreibung, sowie Allgemein- und Aufrechterhaltungsmaßnahmen einschließen. Der schwerwiegendste methodologische Tadel an beobachteten Fehlern bei vielen der Studien lag in (a) nicht-wahllose Bestimmung der den Bedingungen unterworfenen Teilnehmer; (b) Versäumen von Kontrollen gemäß den Hawthorne Effekten durch Einfügen alternativer Eingriffe zur Kontrolle der Gruppen; (c) unzureichende oder nicht existierende Zusicherung der genauen Gleichbehandlung der Mittel; (d) geringe Beimessung an Einfühlungsvermögen; und (e) mangelhafte Beschreibung der Muster. Lediglich sieben Studien erfüllten zwei Drittel oder mehr aller Bewertungskriterien, obwohl alle diese Untersuchungen mindesterns einen entscheidenden Fehler aufwiesen. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen aus zwei methodologisch ähnlichen Rezensionen verglichen. Es wurden Verbesserungsvorschäge für zukünftige vermittelnde Forschung angemerkt. /// [French] On a évalué la rigueur méthodologique de 39 études d'interventions relatives à la conscience phonétique en se basant sur des critères de validité interne et externe. Les critères de validité interne comprennent les caractéristiques générales du plan expérimental, la mesure, le traitement statistique, tandis que les critères de validité externe incluent les hypothèses de recherche, la sélection et la description des participants, les mesures concernant la généralisation et le maintien. Les points faibles les plus sérieux observés dans de nombreuses études ont été: a) répartition non aléatoire des participants dans les conditions expérimentales; b) manque de contrôle de l'effet Hawthorne en faisant alterner les interventions des groupes contrôle; c) fidélité du traitement insuffisante ou inexistante; d) sensibilité de la mesure faible; e) échantillons décrits de manière inadéquate. Seules sept études satisfont à au moins deux tiers de la totalité des critères d'évaluation, mais toutes présentent neanmoins au moins un défaut fatal. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec deux études de méthodologie. Le texte présente des suggestions pour améliorer les futures interventions de recherche. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal & external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, & statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria included research hypotheses, participant selection & description, & generalization & maintenance measures. The most serious methodological flaws observed in many of the studies were (1) nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions, (2) failure to control for Hawthorne effects by providing alternate interventions to control groups, (3) insufficient or nonexistent assurance of fidelity of treatment, (4) poor measurement sensitivity, & (5) inadequately described samples. Only seven studies met 66% or more of all the evaluative criteria, although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. The reported findings are compared with those of two similar methodological reviews. Suggestions for improvement of future intervention research are provided. 4 Tables, 75 References. Adapted from the source document The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, and statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria included research hypotheses, participant selection and description, and generalization and maintenance measures. The most serious methodological flaws observed in many of the studies were (a) nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions; (b) failure to control for Hawthorne effects by providing alternate interventions to control groups; (c) insufficient or nonexistent assurance of fidelity of treatment; (d) poor measurement sensitivity; and (e) inadequately described samples. Only seven studies met two thirds or more of all the evaluative criteria, although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. The reported findings are compared with those of two similar methodological reviews. Suggestions for improvement of future intervention research are provided. El rigor metodológico de 39 estudios de intervención en conciencia fonológica fue evaluado sobre la base de criterios de validez interna y externa. Los criterios de validez interna comprendieron características generales de diseño, mediciones y tratamiento estadístico, en tanto que los criterios de validez externa incluyeron las hipótesis de la investigación, la selección y descripción de los participantes y la generalización y mantenimiento del efecto fuera de la situación experimental. Las fallas metodológicas más serias observadas en muchos de los estudios fueron (a) no asignar al azar a los participantes a las distintas condiciones; (b) ausencia de control de los efectos Hawthorne, al proveer intervenciones alternativas a los grupos de control; (c) insuficiencia o ausencia de certeza en la exactitud del tratamiento; (d) escasa sensibilidad de las mediciones y (e) muestras descriptas inadecuadamente. Sólo siete estudios reunieron dos tercios o más de todos los criterios de evaluación, aunque todas estas investigaciones demostraron al menos una falla fatal. Los hallazgos reportados se comparan con los de dos revisiones metodológicas similares. Se hacen sugerencias para mejorar las futuras investigaciones de intervención. Die methodologische Rigorosität von 39 Studien phonologischer Eingriffe zur Bewußheitsförderung wurde aufgrund intern und extern gültiger Kriterien bewertet. Die intern angewandten Bewertungskriterien schließen generelle Auslegungscharakteristiken, Bemessung und statistische Behandlung bzw. Auswertung ein, während die extern gültigen Kriterien Forschungshypothesen, Teilnehmerauswahl und Beschreibung, sowie Allgemein‐ und Aufrechterhaltungsmaßnahmen einschließen. Der schwerwiegendste methodologische Tadel an beobachteten Fehlern bei vielen der Studien lag in (a) nicht‐wahllose Bestimmung der den Bedingungen unterworfenen Teilnehmer; (b) Versäumen von Kontrollen gemäß den Hawthorne Effekten durch Einfügen alternativer Eingriffe zur Kontrolle der Gruppen; (c) unzureichende oder nicht existierende Zusicherung der genauen Gleichbehandlung der Mittel; (d) geringe Beimessung an Einfühlungsvermögen; und (e) mangelhafte Beschreibung der Muster. Lediglich sieben Studien erfüllten zwei Drittel oder mehr aller Bewertungskriterien, obwohl alle diese Untersuchungen mindestens einen entscheidenden Fehler aufwiesen. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen aus zwei methodologisch ähnlichen Rezensionen verglichen. Es wurden Verbesserungsvorschäge für zukünftige vermittelnde Forschung angemerkt. On a évalué la rigueur méthodologique de 39 études d'interventions relatives à la conscience phonétique en se basant sur des critères de validité interne et externe. Les critères de validité interne comprennent les caractéristiques générales du plan expérimental, la mesure, le traitement statistique, tandis que les critères de validité externe incluent les hypothèses de recherche, la sélection et la description des participants, les mesures concernant la généralisation et le maintien. Les points faibles les plus sérieux observés dans de nombreuses études ont été: a) répartition non aléatoire des partici pants dans les conditions expérimentales; b) manque de contrôle de l'effet Hawthorne en faisant alterner les interventions des groupes contrôle; c) fidélité du traitement insuffisante ou inexistante; d) sensibilité de la mesure faible; e) échantillons décrits de manière inadéquate. Seules sept études satisfont à au moins deux tiers de la totalité des critères d'évaluation, mais toutes présentent néanmoins au moins un défaut fatal. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec deux études de méthodologie. Le texte présente des suggestions pour améliorer les futures interventions de recherche. Evaluates the methodological quality of 39 studies of phonological-awareness interventions in children. Finds only seven studies met two-thirds or more of all the evaluative criteria (internal and external validity), although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. Suggests improvements for future intervention research. (SR) The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, and statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria included research hypotheses, participant selection and description, and generalization and maintenance measures. The most serious methodological flaws observed in many of the studies were (a) nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions; (b) failure to control for Hawthorne effects by providing alternate interventions to control groups; (c) insufficient or nonexistent assurance of fidelity of treatment; (d) poor measurement sensitivity; and (e) inadequately described samples. Only seven studies met two thirds or more of all the evaluative criteria, although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. The reported findings are compared with those of two similar methodological reviews. Suggestions for improvement of future intervention research are provided. /// [Spanish] El rigor metodológico de 39 estudios de intervención en conciencia fonológica fue evaluado sobre la base de criterios de validez interna y externa. Los criterios de validez interna comprendieron características generales de diseño, mediciones y tratamiento estadístico, en tanto que los criterios de validez externa incluyeron las hipótesis de la investigación, la selección y descripción de los participantes y la generalización y mantenimiento del efecto fuera de la situación experimental. Las fallas metodológicas más serias observadas en muchos de los estudios fueron (a) no asignar al azar a los participantes a las distintas condiciones; (b) ausencia de control de los efectos Hawthorne, al proveer intervenciones alternativas a los grupos de control; (c) insuficiencia o ausencia de certeza en la exactitud del tratamiento; (d) escasa sensibilidad de las mediciones y (e) muestras descriptas inadecuadamente. Sólo siete estudios reunieron dos tercios o más de todos los criterios de evaluación, aunque todas estas investigaciones demostraron al menos una falla fatal. Los hallazgos reportados se comparan con los de dos revisiones metodológicas similares. Se hacen sugerencias para mejorar las futuras investigaciones de intervención. /// [German] Die methodologische Rigorosität von 39 Studien phonologischer Eingriffe zur Bewußheitsförderung wurde aufgrund intern und extern gültiger Kriterien bewertet. Die intern angewandten Bewertungskriterien schließen generelle Auslegungscharakteristiken, Bemessung und statistische Behandlung bzw. Auswertung ein, während die extern gültigen Kriterien Forschungshypothesen, Teilnehmerauswahl und Beschreibung, sowie Allgemein- und Aufrechterhaltungsmaßnahmen einschließen. Der schwerwiegendste methodologische Tadel an beobachteten Fehlern bei vielen der Studien lag in (a) nicht-wahllose Bestimmung der den Bedingungen unterworfenen Teilnehmer; (b) Versäumen von Kontrollen gemäß den Hawthorne Effekten durch Einfügen alternativer Eingriffe zur Kontrolle der Gruppen; (c) unzureichende oder nicht existierende Zusicherung der genauen Gleichbehandlung der Mittel; (d) geringe Beimessung an Einfühlungsvermögen; und (e) mangelhafte Beschreibung der Muster. Lediglich sieben Studien erfüllten zwei Drittel oder mehr aller Bewertungskriterien, obwohl alle diese Untersuchungen mindesterns einen entscheidenden Fehler aufwiesen. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen aus zwei methodologisch ähnlichen Rezensionen verglichen. Es wurden Verbesserungsvorschäge für zukünftige vermittelnde Forschung angemerkt. /// [French] On a évalué la rigueur méthodologique de 39 études d'interventions relatives à la conscience phonétique en se basant sur des critères de validité interne et externe. Les critères de validité interne comprennent les caractéristiques générales du plan expérimental, la mesure, le traitement statistique, tandis que les critères de validité externe incluent les hypothèses de recherche, la sélection et la description des participants, les mesures concernant la généralisation et le maintien. Les points faibles les plus sérieux observés dans de nombreuses études ont été: a) répartition non aléatoire des participants dans les conditions expérimentales; b) manque de contrôle de l'effet Hawthorne en faisant alterner les interventions des groupes contrôle; c) fidélité du traitement insuffisante ou inexistante; d) sensibilité de la mesure faible; e) échantillons décrits de manière inadéquate. Seules sept études satisfont à au moins deux tiers de la totalité des critères d'évaluation, mais toutes présentent neanmoins au moins un défaut fatal. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec deux études de méthodologie. Le texte présente des suggestions pour améliorer les futures interventions de recherche. ABSTRACTS The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal validity criteria encompassed general design characteristics, measurement, and statistical treatment, while the external validity criteria included research hypotheses, participant selection and description, and generalization and maintenance measures. The most serious methodological flaws observed in many of the studies were (a) nonrandom assignment of participants to conditions; (b) failure to control for Hawthorne effects by providing alternate interventions to control groups; (c) insufficient or nonexistent assurance of fidelity of treatment; (d) poor measurement sensitivity; and (e) inadequately described samples. Only seven studies met two thirds or more of all the evaluative criteria, although all of these investigations demonstrated at least one fatal flaw. The reported findings are compared with those of two similar methodological reviews. Suggestions for improvement of future intervention research are provided. El rigor metodológico de 39 estudios de intervención en conciencia fonológica fue evaluado sobre la base de criterios de validez interna y externa. Los criterios de validez interna comprendieron características generales de diseño, mediciones y tratamiento estadístico, en tanto que los criterios de validez externa incluyeron las hipótesis de la investigación, la selección y descripción de los participantes y la generalización y mantenimiento del efecto fuera de la situación experimental. Las fallas metodológicas más serias observadas en muchos de los estudios fueron (a) no asignar al azar a los participantes a las distintas condiciones; (b) ausencia de control de los efectos Hawthorne, al proveer intervenciones alternativas a los grupos de control; (c) insuficiencia o ausencia de certeza en la exactitud del tratamiento; (d) escasa sensibilidad de las mediciones y (e) muestras descriptas inadecuadamente. Sólo siete estudios reunieron dos tercios o más de todos los criterios de evaluación, aunque todas estas investigaciones demostraron al menos una falla fatal. Los hallazgos reportados se comparan con los de dos revisiones metodológicas similares. Se hacen sugerencias para mejorar las futuras investigaciones de intervención. Die methodologische Rigorosität von 39 Studien phonologischer Eingriffe zur Bewußheitsförderung wurde aufgrund intern und extern gültiger Kriterien bewertet. Die intern angewandten Bewertungskriterien schließen generelle Auslegungscharakteristiken, Bemessung und statistische Behandlung bzw. Auswertung ein, während die extern gültigen Kriterien Forschungshypothesen, Teilnehmerauswahl und Beschreibung, sowie Allgemein‐ und Aufrechterhaltungsmaßnahmen einschließen. Der schwerwiegendste methodologische Tadel an beobachteten Fehlern bei vielen der Studien lag in (a) nicht‐wahllose Bestimmung der den Bedingungen unterworfenen Teilnehmer; (b) Versäumen von Kontrollen gemäß den Hawthorne Effekten durch Einfügen alternativer Eingriffe zur Kontrolle der Gruppen; (c) unzureichende oder nicht existierende Zusicherung der genauen Gleichbehandlung der Mittel; (d) geringe Beimessung an Einfühlungsvermögen; und (e) mangelhafte Beschreibung der Muster. Lediglich sieben Studien erfüllten zwei Drittel oder mehr aller Bewertungskriterien, obwohl alle diese Untersuchungen mindestens einen entscheidenden Fehler aufwiesen. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen aus zwei methodologisch ähnlichen Rezensionen verglichen. Es wurden Verbesserungsvorschäge für zukünftige vermittelnde Forschung angemerkt. On a évalué la rigueur méthodologique de 39 études d'interventions relatives à la conscience phonétique en se basant sur des critères de validité interne et externe. Les critères de validité interne comprennent les caractéristiques générales du plan expérimental, la mesure, le traitement statistique, tandis que les critères de validité externe incluent les hypothèses de recherche, la sélection et la description des participants, les mesures concernant la généralisation et le maintien. Les points faibles les plus sérieux observés dans de nombreuses études ont été: a) répartition non aléatoire des partici pants dans les conditions expérimentales; b) manque de contrôle de l'effet Hawthorne en faisant alterner les interventions des groupes contrôle; c) fidélité du traitement insuffisante ou inexistante; d) sensibilité de la mesure faible; e) échantillons décrits de manière inadéquate. Seules sept études satisfont à au moins deux tiers de la totalité des critères d'évaluation, mais toutes présentent néanmoins au moins un défaut fatal. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés avec deux études de méthodologie. Le texte présente des suggestions pour améliorer les futures interventions de recherche. |
Author | Troia, Gary A. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gary A. surname: Troia fullname: Troia, Gary A. |
BackLink | http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ581318$$DView record in ERIC http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2020289$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
BookMark | eNqNkk1vEzEQhi1UJNLChSscVoA4IG3wx3q95hZFIRSFr1DgaDnOLHHY2sHeNM2_x9sNOVSA8Bxs-X3m1czYp-jEeQcIPSR4SLisXs7nn4asGJIhu4MGRLIyp4LSEzTAmBU55pzdQ6cxrnFanLIBUh9X3vnGf7dGN9lopwM4iDE7dy2EK3Ct9S6bQwQdzOpVNsrGwbY37ByuLOwyX2ftCrLJ9QaCvUwJSXoH7covO9f9fXS31k2EB4f9DH15PbkYv8lnH6bn49EsN4WkMi8ZFGQpsMRUymVdG0o0LKUwlDHgFGrK6JLXYsEXMl3RBdQYiwpoaQzRFWZn6Hnvuwn-5xZiqy5tNNA02oHfRlXxspJUsP8AGStEWSXwyS1w7bfBpSYUJSkqKssEPf0bRJKH5AyXMlHPDpSOaXR10M7YqDZpYDrsFcUpqg573GNpkuaoTt7yijDSFYR72QQfY4BaGdvq7oHaoG2jCFbdH1DpDyhWKKK6Zl_cSvnt-kc47-GdbWD_D7I7iq7cRz2_jq0PR14UFb0Z38HNxhauj6oOP1QpmODq2_upmhWfqfg6leqC_QJC-Ng4 |
CODEN | RRQUA6 |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_26634_jpsy_5_3_1656 crossref_primary_10_3102_0013189X09347584 crossref_primary_10_1177_002246690003400101 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_254 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_edurev_2022_100486 crossref_primary_10_1177_15407969211010307 crossref_primary_10_1080_02699200500266760 crossref_primary_10_2466_pms_1999_89_2_412 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1540_5826_2011_00328_x crossref_primary_10_1177_001440290807500102 crossref_primary_10_1044_2022_LSHSS_21_00160 crossref_primary_10_1002_icd_2542 crossref_primary_10_1080_1368282021000007776 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sbspro_2012_12_081 crossref_primary_10_2466_pms_2001_93_2_356 crossref_primary_10_1177_1525740112456422 crossref_primary_10_1177_0022219412466702 crossref_primary_10_1080_02667360303233 crossref_primary_10_1177_01430343030243006 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_248 crossref_primary_10_1177_0741932510361249 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_245 crossref_primary_10_1080_17489530701307175 crossref_primary_10_1080_10573569_2017_1390807 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_9817_2004_00228_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0265659007080678 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_9817_2009_01410_x crossref_primary_10_1598_RRQ_41_1_6 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_3401_03 crossref_primary_10_1037_0022_0663_93_2_251 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_3103_265 crossref_primary_10_53841_bpsecp_2008_25_3_21 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2008_031 crossref_primary_10_1080_15235882_2001_11074468 crossref_primary_10_1598_RRQ_36_3_2 crossref_primary_10_1006_ceps_2001_1092 crossref_primary_10_1174_021037008785702983 crossref_primary_10_2307_4126970 crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci11111510 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_311 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_3102_126 crossref_primary_10_1590_S0104_40602010000300005 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2012_11_0061 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2015_00508 crossref_primary_10_53841_bpsecp_2015_32_1_11 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1365_2214_2000_00151_x crossref_primary_10_3917_enf2_214_0363 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1469_7610_2010_02310_x crossref_primary_10_1017_S0142716407070233 crossref_primary_10_36833_lkl_2019_005 crossref_primary_10_1080_21683603_2018_1558137 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF03173137 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2005_032 crossref_primary_10_1080_713696666 crossref_primary_10_1207_s15326985ep4003_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_01411920701609315 crossref_primary_10_2307_30035539 crossref_primary_10_1080_02568543_2016_1216021 crossref_primary_10_2307_30035536 crossref_primary_10_1044_1058_0360_2002_004 crossref_primary_10_1521_scpq_17_4_483_20867 crossref_primary_10_1080_17489530701330342 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cogdev_2004_05_003 crossref_primary_10_3102_0034654308320319 crossref_primary_10_2511_rpsd_34_3_4_91 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1469_7610_2007_01849_x crossref_primary_10_1002_pits_20314 crossref_primary_10_1080_02667360050122190 crossref_primary_10_1352_1944_7558_115_5_364 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_edurev_2020_100325 crossref_primary_10_1177_0022466908314869 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11145_015_9585_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_jcal_12623 crossref_primary_10_1177_002221940103400303 crossref_primary_10_1080_10409280802375299 crossref_primary_10_1006_jecp_1999_2559 crossref_primary_10_1080_17489530802008839 crossref_primary_10_1002_jaal_984 crossref_primary_10_53841_bpsecp_2008_25_3_123 crossref_primary_10_1177_001440290206800301 crossref_primary_10_1348_026151007X186643 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2008_07_0101 crossref_primary_10_1002_pits_10110 crossref_primary_10_1080_13682820500312185 crossref_primary_10_3200_PSFL_50_4_23_30 crossref_primary_10_7202_1079028ar crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2014_01535 crossref_primary_10_1207_s1532799xssr0904_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_9817_2011_01495_x crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci13020290 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10212_010_0039_0 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2008_07_0080 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF03651810 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_8624_2008_01166_x crossref_primary_10_1044_1058_0360_2010_09_0097 crossref_primary_10_1080_17549507_2016_1229030 crossref_primary_10_1080_02699206_2017_1375560 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1540_4781_2013_12045_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0162353212440610 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0010_0277_03_00164_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_17489530902850478 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_354 crossref_primary_10_1080_10409289_2015_1060800 crossref_primary_10_53841_bpsecp_2000_17_2_46 crossref_primary_10_1177_0142723708097484 crossref_primary_10_1017_S103001120002546X crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfludis_2013_10_003 crossref_primary_10_2190_EC_40_1_c crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compedu_2008_10_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0022_4405_02_00106_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_9817_2004_00213_x crossref_primary_10_1598_RRQ_37_4_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11881_007_0001_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0214_4603_11_70165_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_14417040701261491 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10936_011_9192_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_1467_9922_00231 crossref_primary_10_1521_scpq_17_4_341_20872 crossref_primary_10_1002_dys_1470 crossref_primary_10_7202_1040112ar crossref_primary_10_3102_0002831214529082 crossref_primary_10_1080_02702711003608071 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2008_002 crossref_primary_10_1177_0888406409339685 crossref_primary_10_1080_10926790801986205 crossref_primary_10_2466_PMS_93_6_356_358 crossref_primary_10_1080_02702710801982019 crossref_primary_10_1037_0022_0663_97_4_523 crossref_primary_10_1044_0161_1461_2008_07_0098 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11881_009_0030_0 crossref_primary_10_1348_000709908X293850 crossref_primary_10_1177_00222194070400040101 crossref_primary_10_1177_0741932508315054 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11145_022_10408_w crossref_primary_10_3109_14417040109003720 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_learninstruc_2005_12_005 crossref_primary_10_1080_17489539_2011_650060 crossref_primary_10_1044_1058_0360_0903_257 |
Cites_doi | 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1346 10.2307/747762 10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.364 10.1038/301419a0 10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.104 10.1177/002221949302600406 10.2307/747607 10.1038/271746a0 10.1007/BF02928179 10.1037/0022-0663.86.3.350 10.1016/0022-0965(90)90079-N 10.1598/RRQ.23.3.1 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.192 10.1016/0959-4752(95)00004-M 10.1598/RRQ.26.1.3 10.1007/BF02928178 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.451 10.3102/0013189X019004002 10.1016/0361-476X(81)90040-0 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00733.x 10.1037/0022-0663.87.3.488 10.1007/978-1-4612-3010-6_6 10.1177/002221947600900507 10.2307/747929 10.1080/10862969209547774 10.1037/0022-0167.29.2.189 10.1177/074193259001100606 10.1177/074193258700800104 10.1007/BF01067466 10.2307/748200 10.3102/00346543066002099 10.1037/0022-0663.68.1.70 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1985.tb01138.x 10.1007/BF02648086 10.1007/BF02648154 10.3102/00346543052001123 10.1177/001440299305900606 10.1007/BF01027085 10.1037/h0034586 10.1007/BF02663616 10.1037/0022-0663.85.4.618 10.1006/jecp.1996.0040 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1059 10.1037/0022-0663.72.1.1 10.3102/00346543044003265 10.1007/BF02648257 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_13 10.3998/mpub.7194 10.1037/0022-0663.87.2.202 10.1080/10862969409547852 10.1037/0022-0663.75.5.752 10.2307/747995 10.1007/BF01027275 10.1007/BF02648214 10.1177/002221947100400706 10.3758/BF03202453 10.1037/0022-0663.68.6.825 10.3102/00028312005004437 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00356.x 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1983.tb00473.x |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright 1999 International Reading Association 1999 International Reading Association 1999 INIST-CNRS Copyright International Reading Association Jan-Mar 1999 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright 1999 International Reading Association – notice: 1999 International Reading Association – notice: 1999 INIST-CNRS – notice: Copyright International Reading Association Jan-Mar 1999 |
DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION 7SW BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI PET REK WWN IQODW FUVTR IOIBA K30 PAAUG PAWHS PAWZZ PAXOH PBHAV PBQSW PBYQZ PCIWU PCMID PCZJX PDGRG PDWWI PETMR PFVGT PGXDX PIHIL PISVA PJCTQ PJTMS PLCHJ PMHAD PNQDJ POUND PPLAD PQAPC PQCAN PQCMW PQEME PQHKH PQMID PQNCT PQNET PQSCT PQSET PSVJG PVMQY PZGFC 0-V 3V. 7T9 7XB 88B 88G 8A4 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AHOVV AIMQZ ALSLI AZQEC BENPR CCPQU CJNVE DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH LIQON M0P M2M M2O M6I MBDVC PADUT PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PMKZF PQEDU PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PSYQQ Q9U S0X 8BM |
DOI | 10.1598/RRQ.34.1.3 |
DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef ERIC ERIC (Ovid) ERIC ERIC ERIC (Legacy Platform) ERIC( SilverPlatter ) ERIC ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform) Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) ERIC Pascal-Francis Periodicals Index Online Segment 06 Periodicals Index Online Segment 29 Periodicals Index Online Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50 Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】 ProQuest Central (Corporate) Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Education Database (Alumni) Psychology Database (Alumni) Education Periodicals Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Education Research Index ProQuest One Literature ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Education Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library ProQuest One Literature - U.S. Customers Only Education Database Psychology Database Research Library KidQuest Magazines Research Library (Corporate) Research Library China ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Digital Collections ProQuest One Education ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Psychology ProQuest Central Basic SIRS Editorial ComDisDome |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef ERIC Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50 Periodicals Index Online Segment 06 Periodicals Index Online Periodicals Index Online Segment 29 ProQuest One Education ProQuest One Psychology Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials SIRS Editorial KidQuest Magazines ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library Research Library China ProQuest Central (New) Social Science Premium Collection ProQuest One Literature - U.S. Customers Only Education Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest One Literature ProQuest Education Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Psychology Journals (Alumni) ProQuest Professional Education ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Digital Collections ProQuest Psychology Journals ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ComDisDome |
DatabaseTitleList | Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ComDisDome CrossRef ERIC |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: ERI name: ERIC url: https://eric.ed.gov/ sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Education |
EISSN | 1936-2722 |
ERIC | EJ581318 |
EndPage | 52 |
ExternalDocumentID | 38820697 2020289 EJ581318 10_1598_RRQ_34_1_3 RRQ79 748268 ark_67375_WNG_L4S27VG9_T |
Genre | article |
GroupedDBID | -DZ -W8 -~X .GO .Y3 0-V 05W 0R~ 123 1OC 29P 2AX 2KS 3-9 31~ 33P 3R3 50Y 50Z 52U 8-0 8-1 85S 8A4 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8R4 8R5 930 A04 AAAZS AABNI AAESR AAHQN AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AAONW AAOUF AASGY AAWJA AAXRX AAYCA AAYJJ AAZKR ABAWQ ABBHK ABCQX ABCUV ABIVO ABJNI ABLWH ABOPQ ABPPZ ABPVW ABSOO ABUWG ABXSQ ACAHQ ACBKW ACBWZ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFO ACGFS ACHJO ACHQT ACKOT ACNCT ACPOU ACRPL ACTDY ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADEMA ADEOM ADEPB ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADMHG ADNFJ ADNMO ADUKH ADULT ADXAS ADZMN AEFGJ AEGXH AEIGN AEIMD AEUPB AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFKFF AFKRA AFWVQ AFZJQ AGNAY AGQPQ AGXDD AHBTC AIAGR AIDQK AIDYY AIKWM AIMQZ AIURR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB ARALO ASPBG ASTYK AS~ AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZQEC AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BENPR BFHJK BMXJE BNVMJ BPHCQ BQESF BRXPI BSCLL BVXVI CCPQU CJNVE CS3 DCZOG DPXWK DRFUL DRSSH DU5 DWQXO EBS EDJ EJD F5P FEDTE FYUFA G-S G50 GENNL GNUQQ GODZA GUQSH HGD HGLYW HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IAO ICO IEA IOF IPSME JAAYA JAV JBMMH JBZCM JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JST KOO L7B LATKE LEEKS LH4 LIQON LITHE LOXES LUTES LYRES M0P M2M M2O M6I MEWTI MRFUL MRSSH MSFUL MSSSH MVM MXFUL MXSSH MY~ N04 N06 NEJ NF~ NHB O66 O9- OMK P2P P2W PADUT PHGZM PHGZT PMKZF PQEDU PQQKQ PRG PROAC PSYQQ PUEGO Q.N Q2X Q3B QB0 QM7 QN7 R.K RJX ROL RX1 S0X SA0 SJN SUPJJ TN5 UKHRP UKR V8K WBKPD WGMDG WH7 WIH WII WOHZO WSUWO WXSBR XOL XZL YYP ZCA ZZTAW ~WP AAYOK ALIPV 3EH 3V. 68V 7K8 AAHHS AAHSB ACCFJ AEEZP AEQDE AEUQT AFPWT AFYRF AIFKG AIWBW AJBDE AJPNJ ALEEW AQSKT HF~ IER ITC JSODD MQT P-O P4E QF4 QZG UBC VQA WHG YCJ ZCG AAYXX AGHNM CITATION 7SW BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI PET REK WWN 63O ABSRN ACXME ADACV B-7 IQODW FUVTR IOIBA K30 PAAUG PAWHS PAWZZ PAXOH PBHAV PBQSW PBYQZ PCIWU PCMID PCZJX PDGRG PDWWI PETMR PFVGT PGXDX PIHIL PISVA PJCTQ PJTMS PLCHJ PMHAD PNQDJ POUND PPLAD PQAPC PQCAN PQCMW PQEME PQHKH PQMID PQNCT PQNET PQSCT PQSET PSVJG PVMQY PZGFC 7T9 7XB 8FK AHOVV MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI Q9U 8BM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4929-63e41d7090299dffc21aed97c233e52ef232d5f7b5b92332bef0078e26cc1a803 |
IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
ISSN | 0034-0553 |
IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 05:58:29 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 22:24:56 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 06 07:47:44 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 04:09:40 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 17 07:10:17 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 02 19:21:01 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 00:55:16 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:11:31 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:57:38 EST 2025 Thu Jul 03 21:32:48 EDT 2025 Tue Sep 09 05:32:09 EDT 2025 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | false |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 1 |
Keywords | Critical study Experimentation Psycholinguistics Reading Methodology Language acquisition |
Language | English |
License | CC BY 4.0 |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4929-63e41d7090299dffc21aed97c233e52ef232d5f7b5b92332bef0078e26cc1a803 |
Notes | ArticleID:RRQ79 istex:EF48E6C96F0853E25D721B788CECD90DFC83E4E8 ark:/67375/WNG-L4S27VG9-T ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
PQID | 212128296 |
PQPubID | 1819534 |
PageCount | 25 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_85689273 proquest_miscellaneous_85334768 proquest_journals_212128296 proquest_journals_1683953069 pascalfrancis_primary_2020289 eric_primary_EJ581318 crossref_citationtrail_10_1598_RRQ_34_1_3 crossref_primary_10_1598_RRQ_34_1_3 wiley_primary_10_1598_RRQ_34_1_3_RRQ79 jstor_primary_748268 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_L4S27VG9_T |
ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
PublicationCentury | 1900 |
PublicationDate | 1999-01-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1999-01-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 1999 text: 1999-01-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 1990 |
PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: Newark, DE – name: Newark, Del – name: Newark |
PublicationTitle | Reading research quarterly |
PublicationYear | 1999 |
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd International Reading Association |
Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: International Reading Association |
References | Torgesen, J.K., & Davis, C. (1996). Individual difference variables that predict response to training in phonological awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 63, 1-21. Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99-136. Kozminsky, L., & Kozminsky, E. (1995). The effects of early phonological awareness training on reading success. Learning and Instruction, 5, 187-201. Warrick, N., Rubin, H., & Rowe-Walsh, S. (1993). Phoneme awareness in language-delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 153-173. Fox, B., & Routh, D. (1980). Phonemic analysis and severe reading disability. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 9, 115-119. Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1985). Rhyme and reason in reading and spelling. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Foster, K.C., Erickson, G.C., Foster, D.F., Brinkman, D., & Torgesen, J.K. (1994). Computer administered instruction in phonological awareness: Evaluation of the DaisyQuest program. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 27, 126-137. Ellis, E.S., Lenz, B.K., & Sabornie, E.J. (1987). Generalization and adaptation of learning strategies to natural environments: Part 1: Critical agents. Remedial and Special Education, 8(1), 6-20. Torgesen, J.K., Morgan, S., & Davis, C. (1992). The effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 364-370. Wallach, M.A., & Wallach, L. (1976). Teaching all children to read. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Tangel, D.M., & Blachman, B.A. (1992). Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling. Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, 233-261. Fox, B., & Routh, D.K. (1984). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1059-1064. Alexander, A., Anderson, H., Heilman, P.C., Voeller, K.S., & Torgesen, J.K. (1991). Phonological awareness training and remediation of analytic decoding deficits in a group of severe dyslexics. Annals of Dyslexia, 41, 193-206. Brady, S., Fowler, A., Stone, B., & Winbury, N. (1994). Training phonological awareness: A study with inner-city kindergarten children. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 26-59. Cary, L., & Verhaeghe, A. (1994). Promoting phonemic analysis ability among kindergartners: Effects of different training programs. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 251-278. Cunningham, A.E. (1990). Explicit versus implicit instruction in phonemic awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 429-444. Calfee, R., Lindamood, P., & Lindamood, C. (1973). Acoustic-phonetic skills and reading-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 64, 293-298. Ball, E., & Blachman, B.A. (1988). Phoneme segmentation training: Effects of reading readiness. Annals of Dyslexia, 38, 208-225. Howe, K., & Eisenhart, M. (1990). Standards for qualitative (and quantitative) research: A prolegomenon. Educational Researcher, 19(4), 2-9. Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1983). Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection. Nature, 301, 419-421. Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1993). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-year follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 104-111. Mann, V.A. (1993). Phoneme awareness and future reading ability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 259-269. Wagner, R., & Torgesen, J.K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212. Hansford, B.C., & Hattie, J.A. (1982). The relationship between self and achievement/performance measures. Review of Educational Research, 52, 123-142. Lundberg, I., Olofsson, A., & Wall, S. (1980). Reading and spelling skills in the first school years predicted from phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 21, 159-173. Castle, J.M., Riach, J., & Nicholson, T. (1994). Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 350-359. Atkinson, D.R., Furlong, M.J., & Wampold, B.R. (1982). Statistical significance, reviewer evaluations, and the scientific process: Is there a (statistically) significant relationship Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 189-194. Mann, V.A. (1984). Longitudinal prediction and prevention of early reading difficulty. Annals of Dyslexia, 34, 117-136. O'Connor, R.E., Jenkins, J.R., & Slocum, T.A. (1995). Transfer among phonological tasks in kindergarten: Essential instructional content. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 202-217. Tornéus, M. (1984). Phonological awareness and reading: A chicken and egg problem Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1346-1358. O'Connor, R.E., Jenkins, J.R., Leicester, N., & Slocum, T.A. (1993). Teaching phonological awareness to young children with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 59, 532-546. McGuinness, D., McGuinness, C., & Donohue, J. (1995). Phonological training and the alphabet principle: Evidence for reciprocal causality. Reading Research Quarterly, 30, 830-852. Slocum, T.A., O'Connor, R.E., & Jenkins, J.R. (1993). Transfer among phonological manipulation skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 618-630. Wise, B.W., & Olson, R.K. (1995). Computer-based phonological awareness and reading instruction. Annals of Dyslexia, 45, 99-122. Lie, A. (1991). Effects of a training program for stimulating skills in word analysis in first-grade children. Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 234-250. Rosner, J. (1974). Auditory analysis training with prereaders. The Reading Teacher, 27, 379-385. Snow, R.E. (1974). Representative and quasi-representative designs for research on teaching. Review of Educational Research, 44, 265-291. Derry, S.J. (1990). Remediating academic difficulties through strategy training: The acquisition of useful knowledge. Remedial and Special Education, 11(6), 19-31. Haddock, M. (1976). Effects of an auditory and an auditory-visual method of blending instruction on the ability of prereaders to decode synthetic words. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 825-831. Treiman, R., & Baron, J. (1983). Phonemic-analysis training helps children benefit from spelling-sound rules. Memory and Cognition, 11, 382-389. Adams, M.J. (1990). Beginning to read. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Uhry, J.K., & Shepherd, M.J. (1993). Segmentation/spelling instruction as part of a first-grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 219-233. Ball, E.W., & Blachman, B.A. (1991). Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 49-66. Ridgeway, V.G., Dunston, P.J., & Qian, G. (1993). A methodological analysis of teaching and learning strategy research at the secondary school level. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 335-349. Bentin, S., & Leshem, H. (1993). On the interaction between phonological awareness and reading acquisition: It's a two-way street. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 125-148. Hatcher, P.J., Hulme, C., & Ellis, A.W. (1994). Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis. Child Development, 65, 41-57. Campbell, D.T., & Stanley, J.C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand McNally. Lysynchuk, L.M., Pressley, M., D'Ailly, H., Smith, M., & Cake, H. (1989). A methodological analysis of experimental studies of comprehension strategy instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 24, 458-470. Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Peterson, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263-284. Zifcak, M. (1981). Phonological awareness and reading acquisition. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 6, 117-126. Olofsson, A., & Lundberg, I. (1983). Can phonemic awareness be trained in kindergarten Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 24, 35-44. Rosner, J., & Simon, D.P. (1971). The Auditory Analysis Test: An initial report. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4, 384-392. Williams, J.P. (1980). Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 1-15. Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1991). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 451-455. Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1995). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2- and 3-year follow-up and a new preschool trial. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 488-503. Olofsson, A., & Lundberg, I. (1985). Evaluation of long term effects of phonemic awareness training in kindergarten: Illustrations of some methodological problems in evaluation research. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 26, 21-34. Content, A., Morais, J., Alegria, J., & Bertelson, P. (1982). Accelerating the development of phonetic segmentations skills in kindergartners. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 2, 259-269. Weiner, S. (1994). Effects of phonemic awareness training on low- and middle-achieving first graders' phonemic awareness and reading ability. Journal of Reading Behavior, 26, 277-300. Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1978). Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness. Nature, 271, 746-747. Bracht, G.H., & Glass, G.V. (1968). The external validity of experiments. American Educational Research Journal, 5, 437-473. Skjelfjord, V. (1976). Teaching children to segment spoken words as an aid in learning to read. Jo 1993; 26 1993; 8 1995; 30 1987; 33 1990; 11 1987; 101 1976; 68 1993; 28 1987; 8 1982; 52 1990; 19 1993; 22 1988; 38 1968; 5 1976 1974 1973 1994; 27 1994; 26 1985; 26 1979 1994; 65 1983; 11 1983; 301 1974; 44 1982; 29 1990 1982; 2 1980; 72 1991; 41 1991; 83 1978; 271 1986 1985 1996; 63 1984 1983; 24 1989 1971; 4 1992; 84 1990; 50 1996; 66 1993; 43 1993; 85 1980; 21 1983; 75 1994; 44 1981; 6 1991 1989; 24 1976; 9 1995; 5 1994; 86 1993; 59 1974; 27 1973; 64 1991; 26 1984; 76 1995; 45 1984; 34 1995; 87 1988; 23 1992; 24 1980; 9 1994; 6 1966 Huck S.W. (e_1_2_1_39_1) 1974 Blachman B. (e_1_2_1_8_1) 1984 e_1_2_1_41_1 e_1_2_1_66_1 Campbell D.T. (e_1_2_1_20_1) 1966 Blachman B.A. (e_1_2_1_9_1) 1989 e_1_2_1_45_1 e_1_2_1_62_1 e_1_2_1_22_1 e_1_2_1_43_1 e_1_2_1_64_1 Adams M.J. (e_1_2_1_2_1) 1990 e_1_2_1_28_1 e_1_2_1_49_1 e_1_2_1_26_1 e_1_2_1_47_1 Kennedy K.M. (e_1_2_1_40_1) 1993; 8 Zhurova L.Y. (e_1_2_1_75_1) 1973 e_1_2_1_71_1 Rosner J. (e_1_2_1_55_1) 1974; 27 e_1_2_1_31_1 e_1_2_1_54_1 e_1_2_1_56_1 e_1_2_1_6_1 e_1_2_1_12_1 e_1_2_1_35_1 e_1_2_1_50_1 e_1_2_1_73_1 e_1_2_1_4_1 e_1_2_1_10_1 e_1_2_1_33_1 e_1_2_1_52_1 e_1_2_1_16_1 e_1_2_1_14_1 e_1_2_1_37_1 e_1_2_1_58_1 Stanovich K.E. (e_1_2_1_60_1) 1986 Elkonin D.B. (e_1_2_1_27_1) 1973 Byrne B. (e_1_2_1_18_1) 1995; 87 e_1_2_1_42_1 e_1_2_1_65_1 e_1_2_1_67_1 Foster K.C. (e_1_2_1_29_1) 1994; 27 e_1_2_1_46_1 e_1_2_1_61_1 e_1_2_1_21_1 e_1_2_1_44_1 e_1_2_1_63_1 e_1_2_1_25_1 e_1_2_1_48_1 e_1_2_1_69_1 Wallach M.A. (e_1_2_1_70_1) 1976 Content A. (e_1_2_1_23_1) 1982; 2 e_1_2_1_7_1 e_1_2_1_30_1 e_1_2_1_76_1 e_1_2_1_5_1 e_1_2_1_57_1 e_1_2_1_3_1 Cook T.D. (e_1_2_1_24_1) 1979 e_1_2_1_13_1 e_1_2_1_34_1 e_1_2_1_51_1 e_1_2_1_72_1 e_1_2_1_11_1 e_1_2_1_32_1 e_1_2_1_53_1 e_1_2_1_74_1 e_1_2_1_17_1 e_1_2_1_38_1 e_1_2_1_15_1 e_1_2_1_36_1 e_1_2_1_59_1 Vellutino F.R. (e_1_2_1_68_1) 1987; 33 e_1_2_1_19_1 |
References_xml | – reference: Alexander, A., Anderson, H., Heilman, P.C., Voeller, K.S., & Torgesen, J.K. (1991). Phonological awareness training and remediation of analytic decoding deficits in a group of severe dyslexics. Annals of Dyslexia, 41, 193-206. – reference: Ellis, E.S., Lenz, B.K., & Sabornie, E.J. (1987). Generalization and adaptation of learning strategies to natural environments: Part 1: Critical agents. Remedial and Special Education, 8(1), 6-20. – reference: Lundberg, I., Olofsson, A., & Wall, S. (1980). Reading and spelling skills in the first school years predicted from phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 21, 159-173. – reference: Skjelfjord, V. (1976). Teaching children to segment spoken words as an aid in learning to read. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, 297-306. – reference: Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. – reference: Warrick, N., Rubin, H., & Rowe-Walsh, S. (1993). Phoneme awareness in language-delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 153-173. – reference: Wagner, R., & Torgesen, J.K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212. – reference: Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1985). Rhyme and reason in reading and spelling. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. – reference: Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1993). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-year follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 104-111. – reference: Campbell, D.T., & Stanley, J.C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand McNally. – reference: Haddock, M. (1976). Effects of an auditory and an auditory-visual method of blending instruction on the ability of prereaders to decode synthetic words. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 825-831. – reference: Atkinson, D.R., Furlong, M.J., & Wampold, B.R. (1982). Statistical significance, reviewer evaluations, and the scientific process: Is there a (statistically) significant relationship Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 189-194. – reference: Cary, L., & Verhaeghe, A. (1994). Promoting phonemic analysis ability among kindergartners: Effects of different training programs. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 251-278. – reference: Torgesen, J.K., & Davis, C. (1996). Individual difference variables that predict response to training in phonological awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 63, 1-21. – reference: Slocum, T.A., O'Connor, R.E., & Jenkins, J.R. (1993). Transfer among phonological manipulation skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 618-630. – reference: Ridgeway, V.G., Dunston, P.J., & Qian, G. (1993). A methodological analysis of teaching and learning strategy research at the secondary school level. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 335-349. – reference: Olofsson, A., & Lundberg, I. (1983). Can phonemic awareness be trained in kindergarten Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 24, 35-44. – reference: Adams, M.J. (1990). Beginning to read. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. – reference: Bracht, G.H., & Glass, G.V. (1968). The external validity of experiments. American Educational Research Journal, 5, 437-473. – reference: Foster, K.C., Erickson, G.C., Foster, D.F., Brinkman, D., & Torgesen, J.K. (1994). Computer administered instruction in phonological awareness: Evaluation of the DaisyQuest program. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 27, 126-137. – reference: O'Connor, R.E., Jenkins, J.R., Leicester, N., & Slocum, T.A. (1993). Teaching phonological awareness to young children with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 59, 532-546. – reference: Vellutino, F.R., & Scanlon, D.M. (1987). Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 321-363. – reference: Ball, E., & Blachman, B.A. (1988). Phoneme segmentation training: Effects of reading readiness. Annals of Dyslexia, 38, 208-225. – reference: Lysynchuk, L.M., Pressley, M., D'Ailly, H., Smith, M., & Cake, H. (1989). A methodological analysis of experimental studies of comprehension strategy instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 24, 458-470. – reference: Derry, S.J. (1990). Remediating academic difficulties through strategy training: The acquisition of useful knowledge. Remedial and Special Education, 11(6), 19-31. – reference: Olofsson, A., & Lundberg, I. (1985). Evaluation of long term effects of phonemic awareness training in kindergarten: Illustrations of some methodological problems in evaluation research. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 26, 21-34. – reference: Hatcher, P.J., Hulme, C., & Ellis, A.W. (1994). Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis. Child Development, 65, 41-57. – reference: Huck, S.W., Cormier, W.H., & Bounds, W.G. (1974). Reading statistics and research. New York: Harper & Row. – reference: Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1991). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 451-455. – reference: Kozminsky, L., & Kozminsky, E. (1995). The effects of early phonological awareness training on reading success. Learning and Instruction, 5, 187-201. – reference: Howe, K., & Eisenhart, M. (1990). Standards for qualitative (and quantitative) research: A prolegomenon. Educational Researcher, 19(4), 2-9. – reference: Weiner, S. (1994). Effects of phonemic awareness training on low- and middle-achieving first graders' phonemic awareness and reading ability. Journal of Reading Behavior, 26, 277-300. – reference: Content, A., Morais, J., Alegria, J., & Bertelson, P. (1982). Accelerating the development of phonetic segmentations skills in kindergartners. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 2, 259-269. – reference: Fox, B., & Routh, D.K. (1984). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1059-1064. – reference: Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1978). Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness. Nature, 271, 746-747. – reference: Mann, V.A. (1984). Longitudinal prediction and prevention of early reading difficulty. Annals of Dyslexia, 34, 117-136. – reference: Zifcak, M. (1981). Phonological awareness and reading acquisition. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 6, 117-126. – reference: Kennedy, K.M., & Backman, J. (1993). Effectiveness of the Lindamood Auditory Discrimination In Depth program with students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 8, 253-259. – reference: O'Connor, R.E., Jenkins, J.R., & Slocum, T.A. (1995). Transfer among phonological tasks in kindergarten: Essential instructional content. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 202-217. – reference: Bentin, S., & Leshem, H. (1993). On the interaction between phonological awareness and reading acquisition: It's a two-way street. Annals of Dyslexia, 43, 125-148. – reference: Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1995). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2- and 3-year follow-up and a new preschool trial. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 488-503. – reference: Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99-136. – reference: Blachman, B.A., Ball, E.W., Black, R.S., & Tangel, D.M. (1994). Kindergarten teachers develop phoneme awareness in low-income, inner-city classrooms: Does it make a difference Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-18. – reference: Castle, J.M., Riach, J., & Nicholson, T. (1994). Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 350-359. – reference: McGuinness, D., McGuinness, C., & Donohue, J. (1995). Phonological training and the alphabet principle: Evidence for reciprocal causality. Reading Research Quarterly, 30, 830-852. – reference: Uhry, J.K., & Shepherd, M.J. (1993). Segmentation/spelling instruction as part of a first-grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 219-233. – reference: Calfee, R., Lindamood, P., & Lindamood, C. (1973). Acoustic-phonetic skills and reading-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 64, 293-298. – reference: Tangel, D.M., & Blachman, B.A. (1992). Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling. Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, 233-261. – reference: Treiman, R., & Baron, J. (1983). Phonemic-analysis training helps children benefit from spelling-sound rules. Memory and Cognition, 11, 382-389. – reference: Mann, V.A. (1993). Phoneme awareness and future reading ability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 259-269. – reference: Torgesen, J.K., Morgan, S., & Davis, C. (1992). The effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 364-370. – reference: Hohn, W.E., & Ehri, L.C. (1983). Do alphabet letters help pre-readers acquire phonemic segmentation skill Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 752-762. – reference: Rosner, J., & Simon, D.P. (1971). The Auditory Analysis Test: An initial report. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4, 384-392. – reference: Wise, B.W., & Olson, R.K. (1995). Computer-based phonological awareness and reading instruction. Annals of Dyslexia, 45, 99-122. – reference: Ball, E.W., & Blachman, B.A. (1991). Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 49-66. – reference: Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Peterson, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263-284. – reference: Williams, J.P. (1980). Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 1-15. – reference: Korkman, M., & Peltomaa, A.K. (1993). Preventive treatment of dyslexia by a preschool training program for children with language impairments. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 277-287. – reference: Hansford, B.C., & Hattie, J.A. (1982). The relationship between self and achievement/performance measures. Review of Educational Research, 52, 123-142. – reference: Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1983). Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection. Nature, 301, 419-421. – reference: Rosner, J. (1974). Auditory analysis training with prereaders. The Reading Teacher, 27, 379-385. – reference: Snow, R.E. (1974). Representative and quasi-representative designs for research on teaching. Review of Educational Research, 44, 265-291. – reference: Fox, B., & Routh, D.K. (1976). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word-attack skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 70-74. – reference: Wallach, M.A., & Wallach, L. (1976). Teaching all children to read. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. – reference: Cunningham, A.E. (1990). Explicit versus implicit instruction in phonemic awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 429-444. – reference: Lie, A. (1991). Effects of a training program for stimulating skills in word analysis in first-grade children. Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 234-250. – reference: Tornéus, M. (1984). Phonological awareness and reading: A chicken and egg problem Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1346-1358. – reference: Brady, S., Fowler, A., Stone, B., & Winbury, N. (1994). Training phonological awareness: A study with inner-city kindergarten children. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 26-59. – reference: Fox, B., & Routh, D. (1980). Phonemic analysis and severe reading disability. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 9, 115-119. – year: 1985 – volume: 26 start-page: 277 year: 1994 end-page: 300 article-title: Effects of phonemic awareness training on low‐ and middle‐achieving first graders' phonemic awareness and reading ability publication-title: Journal of Reading Behavior – volume: 52 start-page: 123 year: 1982 end-page: 142 article-title: The relationship between self and achievement/performance measures publication-title: Review of Educational Research – volume: 28 start-page: 219 year: 1993 end-page: 233 article-title: Segmentation/spelling instruction as part of a first‐grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – volume: 2 start-page: 259 year: 1982 end-page: 269 article-title: Accelerating the development of phonetic segmentations skills in kindergartners publication-title: Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive – volume: 101 start-page: 192 year: 1987 end-page: 212 article-title: The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – volume: 4 start-page: 384 year: 1971 end-page: 392 article-title: The Auditory Analysis Test: An initial report publication-title: Journal of Learning Disabilities – year: 1966 – volume: 9 start-page: 297 year: 1976 end-page: 306 article-title: Teaching children to segment spoken words as an aid in learning to read publication-title: Journal of Learning Disabilities – volume: 38 start-page: 208 year: 1988 end-page: 225 article-title: Phoneme segmentation training: Effects of reading readiness publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 76 start-page: 1059 year: 1984 end-page: 1064 article-title: Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 43 start-page: 153 year: 1993 end-page: 173 article-title: Phoneme awareness in language‐delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 28 start-page: 335 year: 1993 end-page: 349 article-title: A methodological analysis of teaching and learning strategy research at the secondary school level publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – volume: 9 start-page: 115 year: 1980 end-page: 119 article-title: Phonemic analysis and severe reading disability publication-title: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research – volume: 43 start-page: 125 year: 1993 end-page: 148 article-title: On the interaction between phonological awareness and reading acquisition: It's a two‐way street publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 87 start-page: 488 year: 1995 end-page: 503 article-title: Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐up and a new preschool trial publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – year: 1979 – year: 1990 – volume: 33 start-page: 321 year: 1987 end-page: 363 article-title: Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study publication-title: Merrill-Palmer Quarterly – volume: 26 start-page: 259 year: 1993 end-page: 269 article-title: Phoneme awareness and future reading ability publication-title: Journal of Learning Disabilities – volume: 11 start-page: 382 year: 1983 end-page: 389 article-title: Phonemic‐analysis training helps children benefit from spelling‐sound rules publication-title: Memory and Cognition – volume: 19 start-page: 2 issue: 4 year: 1990 end-page: 9 article-title: Standards for qualitative (and quantitative) research: A prolegomenon publication-title: Educational Researcher – volume: 24 start-page: 35 year: 1983 end-page: 44 article-title: Can phonemic awareness be trained in kindergarten publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology – volume: 26 start-page: 49 year: 1991 end-page: 66 article-title: Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – volume: 87 start-page: 202 year: 1995 end-page: 217 article-title: Transfer among phonological tasks in kindergarten: Essential instructional content publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 75 start-page: 752 year: 1983 end-page: 762 article-title: Do alphabet letters help pre‐readers acquire phonemic segmentation skill publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – start-page: 87 year: 1986 end-page: 130 – volume: 41 start-page: 193 year: 1991 end-page: 206 article-title: Phonological awareness training and remediation of analytic decoding deficits in a group of severe dyslexics publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 301 start-page: 419 year: 1983 end-page: 421 article-title: Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection publication-title: Nature – volume: 27 start-page: 126 year: 1994 end-page: 137 article-title: Computer administered instruction in phonological awareness: Evaluation of the DaisyQuest program publication-title: Journal of Research and Development in Education – volume: 27 start-page: 379 year: 1974 end-page: 385 article-title: Auditory analysis training with prereaders publication-title: The Reading Teacher – volume: 83 start-page: 451 year: 1991 end-page: 455 article-title: Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 85 start-page: 618 year: 1993 end-page: 630 article-title: Transfer among phonological manipulation skills publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – year: 1976 – volume: 29 start-page: 189 year: 1982 end-page: 194 article-title: Statistical significance, reviewer evaluations, and the scientific process: Is there a (statistically) significant relationship publication-title: Journal of Counseling Psychology – volume: 26 start-page: 234 year: 1991 end-page: 250 article-title: Effects of a training program for stimulating skills in word analysis in first‐grade children publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – volume: 66 start-page: 99 year: 1996 end-page: 136 article-title: Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta‐analysis publication-title: Review of Educational Research – volume: 65 start-page: 41 year: 1994 end-page: 57 article-title: Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis publication-title: Child Development – volume: 76 start-page: 1346 year: 1984 end-page: 1358 article-title: Phonological awareness and reading: A chicken and egg problem publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 44 start-page: 26 year: 1994 end-page: 59 article-title: Training phonological awareness: A study with inner‐city kindergarten children publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 86 start-page: 350 year: 1994 end-page: 359 article-title: Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 24 start-page: 458 year: 1989 end-page: 470 article-title: A methodological analysis of experimental studies of comprehension strategy instruction publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – start-page: 133 year: 1989 end-page: 158 – volume: 85 start-page: 104 year: 1993 end-page: 111 article-title: Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1‐year follow‐up publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 8 start-page: 253 year: 1993 end-page: 259 article-title: Effectiveness of the Lindamood Auditory Discrimination In Depth program with students with learning disabilities publication-title: Learning Disabilities Research and Practice – volume: 84 start-page: 364 year: 1992 end-page: 370 article-title: The effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 23 start-page: 263 year: 1988 end-page: 284 article-title: Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – volume: 26 start-page: 21 year: 1985 end-page: 34 article-title: Evaluation of long term effects of phonemic awareness training in kindergarten: Illustrations of some methodological problems in evaluation research publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology – volume: 5 start-page: 187 year: 1995 end-page: 201 article-title: The effects of early phonological awareness training on reading success publication-title: Learning and Instruction – volume: 63 start-page: 1 year: 1996 end-page: 21 article-title: Individual difference variables that predict response to training in phonological awareness publication-title: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology – start-page: 246 year: 1973 end-page: 259 – volume: 34 start-page: 117 year: 1984 end-page: 136 article-title: Longitudinal prediction and prevention of early reading difficulty publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 271 start-page: 746 year: 1978 end-page: 747 article-title: Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness publication-title: Nature – volume: 5 start-page: 437 year: 1968 end-page: 473 article-title: The external validity of experiments publication-title: American Educational Research Journal – volume: 45 start-page: 99 year: 1995 end-page: 122 article-title: Computer‐based phonological awareness and reading instruction publication-title: Annals of Dyslexia – volume: 6 start-page: 251 year: 1994 end-page: 278 article-title: Promoting phonemic analysis ability among kindergartners: Effects of different training programs publication-title: Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal – volume: 68 start-page: 70 year: 1976 end-page: 74 article-title: Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word‐attack skills publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 72 start-page: 1 year: 1980 end-page: 15 article-title: Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 11 start-page: 19 issue: 6 year: 1990 end-page: 31 article-title: Remediating academic difficulties through strategy training: The acquisition of useful knowledge publication-title: Remedial and Special Education – volume: 44 start-page: 265 year: 1974 end-page: 291 article-title: Representative and quasi‐representative designs for research on teaching publication-title: Review of Educational Research – volume: 24 start-page: 233 year: 1992 end-page: 261 article-title: Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling publication-title: Journal of Reading Behavior – volume: 50 start-page: 429 year: 1990 end-page: 444 article-title: Explicit versus implicit instruction in phonemic awareness publication-title: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology – volume: 68 start-page: 825 year: 1976 end-page: 831 article-title: Effects of an auditory and an auditory‐visual method of blending instruction on the ability of prereaders to decode synthetic words publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 22 start-page: 277 year: 1993 end-page: 287 article-title: Preventive treatment of dyslexia by a preschool training program for children with language impairments publication-title: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology – year: 1974 – volume: 21 start-page: 159 year: 1980 end-page: 173 article-title: Reading and spelling skills in the first school years predicted from phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology – volume: 30 start-page: 830 year: 1995 end-page: 852 article-title: Phonological training and the alphabet principle: Evidence for reciprocal causality publication-title: Reading Research Quarterly – start-page: 271 year: 1984 end-page: 287 – volume: 59 start-page: 532 year: 1993 end-page: 546 article-title: Teaching phonological awareness to young children with learning disabilities publication-title: Exceptional Children – volume: 64 start-page: 293 year: 1973 end-page: 298 article-title: Acoustic‐phonetic skills and reading—kindergarten through twelfth grade publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology – volume: 6 start-page: 1 year: 1994 end-page: 18 article-title: Kindergarten teachers develop phoneme awareness in low‐income, inner‐city classrooms: Does it make a difference publication-title: Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal – volume: 8 start-page: 6 issue: 1 year: 1987 end-page: 20 article-title: Generalization and adaptation of learning strategies to natural environments: Part 1: Critical agents publication-title: Remedial and Special Education – volume: 6 start-page: 117 year: 1981 end-page: 126 article-title: Phonological awareness and reading acquisition publication-title: Contemporary Educational Psychology – start-page: 159 year: 1991 end-page: 189 – start-page: 141 year: 1973 end-page: 154 – volume: 27 start-page: 379 year: 1974 ident: e_1_2_1_55_1 article-title: Auditory analysis training with prereaders publication-title: The Reading Teacher – ident: e_1_2_1_64_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1346 – ident: e_1_2_1_43_1 doi: 10.2307/747762 – ident: e_1_2_1_63_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.364 – ident: e_1_2_1_13_1 doi: 10.1038/301419a0 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.104 – ident: e_1_2_1_48_1 doi: 10.1177/002221949302600406 – ident: e_1_2_1_46_1 doi: 10.2307/747607 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_1 doi: 10.1038/271746a0 – volume: 8 start-page: 253 year: 1993 ident: e_1_2_1_40_1 article-title: Effectiveness of the Lindamood Auditory Discrimination In Depth program with students with learning disabilities publication-title: Learning Disabilities Research and Practice – ident: e_1_2_1_71_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02928179 – ident: e_1_2_1_22_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.86.3.350 – volume-title: Experimental and quasi‐experimental designs for research. year: 1966 ident: e_1_2_1_20_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_25_1 doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(90)90079-N – ident: e_1_2_1_44_1 doi: 10.1598/RRQ.23.3.1 – ident: e_1_2_1_69_1 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.192 – ident: e_1_2_1_42_1 doi: 10.1016/0959-4752(95)00004-M – ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 doi: 10.1598/RRQ.26.1.3 – ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02928178 – ident: e_1_2_1_16_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.451 – ident: e_1_2_1_38_1 doi: 10.3102/0013189X019004002 – ident: e_1_2_1_76_1 doi: 10.1016/0361-476X(81)90040-0 – ident: e_1_2_1_35_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00733.x – volume: 87 start-page: 488 year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_1_18_1 article-title: Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐up and a new preschool trial publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.87.3.488 – ident: e_1_2_1_65_1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3010-6_6 – volume: 27 start-page: 126 year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_29_1 article-title: Computer administered instruction in phonological awareness: Evaluation of the DaisyQuest program publication-title: Journal of Research and Development in Education – ident: e_1_2_1_57_1 doi: 10.1177/002221947600900507 – ident: e_1_2_1_54_1 doi: 10.2307/747929 – ident: e_1_2_1_61_1 doi: 10.1080/10862969209547774 – ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.29.2.189 – ident: e_1_2_1_26_1 doi: 10.1177/074193259001100606 – ident: e_1_2_1_28_1 doi: 10.1177/074193258700800104 – ident: e_1_2_1_31_1 doi: 10.1007/BF01067466 – ident: e_1_2_1_49_1 doi: 10.2307/748200 – ident: e_1_2_1_36_1 doi: 10.3102/00346543066002099 – start-page: 87 volume-title: Psychological and educational perspectives on learning disabilities year: 1986 ident: e_1_2_1_60_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_30_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.68.1.70 – volume-title: Quasi‐experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. year: 1979 ident: e_1_2_1_24_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_53_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1985.tb01138.x – ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02648086 – ident: e_1_2_1_15_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02648154 – volume: 2 start-page: 259 year: 1982 ident: e_1_2_1_23_1 article-title: Accelerating the development of phonetic segmentations skills in kindergartners publication-title: Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive – ident: e_1_2_1_34_1 doi: 10.3102/00346543052001123 – ident: e_1_2_1_50_1 doi: 10.1177/001440299305900606 – ident: e_1_2_1_21_1 doi: 10.1007/BF01027085 – ident: e_1_2_1_19_1 doi: 10.1037/h0034586 – ident: e_1_2_1_47_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02663616 – start-page: 141 volume-title: Studies of child language development year: 1973 ident: e_1_2_1_75_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_58_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.4.618 – start-page: 246 volume-title: Comparative reading year: 1973 ident: e_1_2_1_27_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_62_1 doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.0040 – ident: e_1_2_1_32_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1059 – volume-title: Reading statistics and research. year: 1974 ident: e_1_2_1_39_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_73_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.72.1.1 – start-page: 271 volume-title: Language learning disabilities in school‐age children year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_59_1 doi: 10.3102/00346543044003265 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02648257 – ident: e_1_2_1_41_1 doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_13 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_1 doi: 10.3998/mpub.7194 – ident: e_1_2_1_51_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.87.2.202 – ident: e_1_2_1_72_1 doi: 10.1080/10862969409547852 – ident: e_1_2_1_37_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.75.5.752 – ident: e_1_2_1_67_1 doi: 10.2307/747995 – ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 doi: 10.1007/BF01027275 – volume: 33 start-page: 321 year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_1_68_1 article-title: Phonological coding, phonological awareness, and reading ability: Evidence from a longitudinal and experimental study publication-title: Merrill-Palmer Quarterly – volume-title: Teaching all children to read. year: 1976 ident: e_1_2_1_70_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_74_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02648214 – ident: e_1_2_1_56_1 doi: 10.1177/002221947100400706 – ident: e_1_2_1_66_1 doi: 10.3758/BF03202453 – ident: e_1_2_1_33_1 doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.68.6.825 – start-page: 133 volume-title: Reading disabilities: A developmental language perspective year: 1989 ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 – volume-title: Beginning to read. year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_11_1 doi: 10.3102/00028312005004437 – ident: e_1_2_1_45_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00356.x – ident: e_1_2_1_52_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1983.tb00473.x |
SSID | ssj0000523 |
Score | 1.9270601 |
SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
Snippet | The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The internal... ABSTRACTS The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal and external validity criteria. The... Evaluates the methodological quality of 39 studies of phonological-awareness interventions in children. Finds only seven studies met two-thirds or more of all... The methodological rigor of 39 studies of phonological awareness intervention was evaluated based on internal & external validity criteria. The internal... |
SourceID | proquest pascalfrancis eric crossref wiley jstor istex |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
StartPage | 28 |
SubjectTerms | childhood Children Control groups Decoding (Reading) Disabilities early childhood Early Intervention Elementary Education evidence instructional Instructional Effectiveness intervention Kindergarten education learner Linguistics Measures methodology Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence Phonemes Phonemics phonics Phonological Awareness Psycholinguistics Psychology of language Reading Reading Deficiencies Reading Research Research Design Research Methodology Research Problems Research Subjects scientific Special education strategies struggling topic Training type Validity |
Title | Phonological Awareness Intervention Research: A Critical Review of the Experimental Methodology |
URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-L4S27VG9-T/fulltext.pdf https://www.jstor.org/stable/748268 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1598%2FRRQ.34.1.3 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ581318 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1683953069 https://www.proquest.com/docview/212128296 https://www.proquest.com/docview/85334768 https://www.proquest.com/docview/85689273 |
Volume | 34 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fb9MwELZgfeEFARsi-4UlEBIP6erYTmJepm3qNk2oGmWDvVmuc9GmoWSsm-DP5y5xslbA3irdRUl99t139uc7xt4bk2HkMSKGvIBYuRRiB4DOsIACJ5jCoNKwfCfp8bk6udAXgZszD7TKzic2jrqoPe2R76CLFXTql-7e_IypaRQdroYOGk_ZgIQ4zQf748np9MEV6yRU3VXxSGsZ6pNqk-9Mp1-GUg3FUC5FpEB6HtAY_-44ikSYdHMcs7JtdrGERhcxbROUDl-w5wFN8r3W_C_ZE6heUSPmQNpYZfb0sq46_8bdL7r6hb6NXy1QHXko-HP5ie9xH1of8PZOC69LjhCRLzYC4G3X6WY_fo2dH47PDo7j0FMh9soQ00WCEmgFM8I4VJSlT4SDwmQ-kRJ0AiUirEKX2UzPEPrJZAYloQhIUu-Fy0fyNVup6greMJ4YAAVaOkllzlTqAJMjX6QjjymfKFTEPnbjan0oOE59L35YSjzQBhZtYKWywsqIvet1b9oyG__UWiPz9BrjE50LdEoR-9DYqxe422sirGXafp8c2c_qa5J9OzL2LGKrjUF7xUxheoXPby3ZtxcnCKYxI43YZmdvG5b43IoUsaXGjAvFG3-L-_kasbe9FJcunce4Cur7uc3pGnRGr_-_RpobBJj4B5tZ9sjY0M_MrD_6KRvsWVt1gnaQNtnK3e09bCGmuptth5Wz3ewf_AFmkh-H |
linkProvider | ProQuest |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF6V5AAXBG0Rpi1diYfEwWm8D9uLhFApadM2RCWk0Nvi2GMVgeLStCr8KP4jM_baJAJ66y3STBJ7v91vZ3bnwdhTYyLceUzgQ5yBr5IQ_AQAyTCDDCeYwk2ljPIdhv1jdXCiT5bYrzoXhsIqa04siTorUjoj30KKDejWL3x99t2nplF0uVp30KhmxSH8vEKPbfZq_y3C-0yI3d54p--7pgJ-qgyFekhQAT6G6SIRZ3meiiCBzESpkBK0gBxNjEzn0URP0PaRYgI5baMgwjQNkrgr8XdvsbaihNYWa7_pDY9Gf6hfC1flV_ldraWrh6pNvDUave9I1Qk6cmEHdEHWbcL0Rx0TSQGayQwxyqvmGgvW77wNXW6Cu_fYXWe98u1qut1nSzBdpsbPLkhkhdmj02Ja8ylPrijVDLmUf5kLreSuwNDpS77NU9dqgVc5NLzIOZqkfL7xAK-6XJfn_6vs-EaG-wFrTYspPGRcGAAFWiaSyqqpMAF0xtIs7KboYgaZ8tiLelxt6gqcU5-Nb5YcHcTAIgZWKhtY6bEnje5ZVdbjn1qrBE-j0TvQcYAk6LHnJV6NIDn_SgFykbafhnt2oD6I6OOesWOPrZSANoqRQncOv7-xgG8jFmi8owfssfUab-soZWaDEG1ZjR4eitf-Fjfrw2ObjRSpgu5_kikUlzMbU9p1RH__f40wNmjQ4guWs-yasaGPkXl07aNsstv98buBHewPD9fYnariBZ1erbPWxfklbKA9dzF57FYRZ59veuH-BtqPWr0 |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6VREJcENAiTFu6Eg-Jg5N4H7YXCaGWJn0qCqGF3hbHHqsI5JSmVeGn8e86a69NIqC33izNJLZ3dr_5xjs7A_BC64g8jw58jDP0ZRKinyASGGaY0QST5FTKLN9huHss90_UyRL8rs_C2LTKGhNLoM6mqf1G3iWIDeyuX9jNXVbEaHvw7uyHbxtI2Y3WuptGNUMO8NcVRW-zt3vbZOqXnA_6R-93fddgwE-ltmkfAmVAj6R7BMpZnqc8SDDTUcqFQMUxJ7qRqTyaqAnxIMEnmFuXijxM0yCJe4L-9w60I3KKsgXtrf5wNP7jBhR3FX-l31NKuNqoSsfd8fhDR8hO0BEL3tAlXLetfX_W-ZE2WTOZkb3yqtHGAhOe59OlQxw8gPuOybLNauo9hCUsHtkm0C5hZBnM6HRa1NjKkit77IxwlX2dS7NkrtjQ6Ru2yVLXdoFV52nYNGdET9l8EwJWdbwu9wJW4PhWhvsxtIppgU-AcY0oUYlE2BJrMkyQArM0C3sphZtBJj14XY-rSV2xc9tz47uxQQ_ZwJANjJAmMMKD543uWVXi459aK9Y8jUZ_X8UBAaIHr0p7NYLk_JtNlouU-TzcMYfyI48-7Whz5MFyadBGMZIU2tHv1xfs24g5EXmKhj1Yq-1tHLzMTBASr1UU7ZF49W9xs1Y82GikBBt2LygpcHo5M7E9gh3Z2_9fI4w1kVt6wXKW3TA29jLST298lA24SwvWHO4ND1bhXlX8wn7IWoPWxfklrhO1u5g8c4uIwZfbXrfXCW5e6Q |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phonological+Awareness+Intervention+Research%3A+A+Critical+Review+of+the+Experimental+Methodology&rft.jtitle=Reading+research+quarterly&rft.au=Troia%2C+Gary+A&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.issn=0034-0553&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft_id=info:doi/10.1598%2FRRQ.34.1.3&rft.externalDocID=EJ581318 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0034-0553&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0034-0553&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0034-0553&client=summon |