Akt-mTOR hypoactivity in bipolar disorder gives rise to cognitive impairments associated with altered neuronal structure and function

The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although...

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Published inNeuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 109; no. 9; pp. 1479 - 1496.e6
Main Authors Vanderplow, Amanda M., Eagle, Andrew L., Kermath, Bailey A., Bjornson, Kathryn J., Robison, Alfred J., Cahill, Michael E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 05.05.2021
Elsevier Limited
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Abstract The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function. •A reduction in Akt-mTOR signaling occurs in the PFC of male bipolar disorder subjects•Akt hypofunction reduces synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the PFC•Akt hypofunction is sufficient to impair PFC-mediated cognition The biochemical changes that contribute to bipolar disorder pathophysiology remain largely unknown. Cahill et al. reveal a reduction in the activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects. Cahill et al. demonstrate that reduced activity of this pathway causes cognitive and synaptic phenotypes.
AbstractList The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function.The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function.
SummaryThe Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function.
The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function. •A reduction in Akt-mTOR signaling occurs in the PFC of male bipolar disorder subjects•Akt hypofunction reduces synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the PFC•Akt hypofunction is sufficient to impair PFC-mediated cognition The biochemical changes that contribute to bipolar disorder pathophysiology remain largely unknown. Cahill et al. reveal a reduction in the activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects. Cahill et al. demonstrate that reduced activity of this pathway causes cognitive and synaptic phenotypes.
The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified Akt-family kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction in the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function.
The Akt family of kinases exert many of their cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of intermediary proteins. Multiple lines of evidence have identified the Akt family of kinases as candidate schizophrenia and bipolar disorder genes. Although dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key feature of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, no studies have comprehensively assessed potential alterations in Akt-mTOR pathway activity in the PFC of either disorder. Here, we examined the activity and expression profile of key proteins in the Akt-mTOR pathway in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia homogenates from two different PFC subregions. Our findings identify reduced Akt-mTOR PFC signaling in a subset of bipolar disorder subjects. Using a reverse-translational approach, we demonstrated that Akt hypofunction the PFC is sufficient to give rise to key cognitive phenotypes that are paralleled by alterations in synaptic connectivity and function. The biochemical changes that contribute to bipolar disorder pathophysiology remain largely unknown. Cahill et al. reveal a reduction in the activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects. Cahill et al. demonstrate that reduced activity of this pathway causes cognitive and synaptic phenotypes.
Author Kermath, Bailey A.
Cahill, Michael E.
Bjornson, Kathryn J.
Vanderplow, Amanda M.
Eagle, Andrew L.
Robison, Alfred J.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Lead contact
1 Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA
2 Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
– name: 1 Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA
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  surname: Vanderplow
  fullname: Vanderplow, Amanda M.
  organization: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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  givenname: Andrew L.
  surname: Eagle
  fullname: Eagle, Andrew L.
  organization: Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Bailey A.
  surname: Kermath
  fullname: Kermath, Bailey A.
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  givenname: Kathryn J.
  surname: Bjornson
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Issue 9
Keywords bipolar disorder
memory
autophagy
cognition
prefrontal cortex
mTOR
dendritic spine
akt
synapse
ulk1
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Author Contributions
Behavioral experiments were performed by A.M.V., B.A.K., and M.E.C. Biochemistry experiments and analyses were performed by A.M.V., B.A.K., K.J.B., and M.E.C. Electrophysiology experiments were performed by A.L.E. and A.J.R. Dendritic spine imaging and analysis was performed by A.M.V. and M.E.C. A.M.V. and M.E.C. wrote the paper.
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Snippet The Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of...
SummaryThe Akt family of kinases exerts many of its cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of...
The Akt family of kinases exert many of their cellular effects via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase through a series of...
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SubjectTerms akt
AKT protein
autophagy
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar Disorder - metabolism
Bipolar Disorder - pathology
Bipolar Disorder - physiopathology
cognition
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - metabolism
Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology
Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology
Consortia
dendritic spine
Female
Genes
Genomics
Humans
Kinases
Male
memory
Mental disorders
mTOR
Neural networks
Neurons - pathology
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism
Prefrontal Cortex - pathology
Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology
Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism
Psychosis
Rapamycin
Schizophrenia
Structure-function relationships
synapse
TOR protein
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
ulk1
Title Akt-mTOR hypoactivity in bipolar disorder gives rise to cognitive impairments associated with altered neuronal structure and function
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33765445
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2522377152
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2506287587
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8105282
Volume 109
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