Freeze-Etching of the Cell Envelope of an Acinetobacter Species Which Carries a Regular Array of Surface Subunits
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| Published in | Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 116; no. 3; pp. 1383 - 1397 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
American Society for Microbiology
01.12.1973
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| AbstractList | Freeze-etching was applied to preparations, with and without glycerol, of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain MJT/F5/199A, consisting of intact cells after normal growth or after incubation with chloramphenicol, spheroplasts, and isolated cell walls and outer membranes. Etched preparations show that a regular array of subunits forms the surface of normal cells. Near the zones of constriction in dividing cells, blebs and irregularities are seen, and some blebs, consisting of both surface subunits and outer membrane, are released from the cells. The cross-fractured cell envelope shows four layers which are related to the structures seen in section as follows: cw1, which is not visible in section, contains the surface subunits; cw2 consists of all or part of the outer membrane; cw3 includes the intermediate and dense, peptidoglycan-containing layers; within these cell wall layers is the plasma membrane. Internal fracture of the plasma membrane occurs under all conditions tested, but the fracture plane in the cell wall is only revealed in chloramphenicol-treated cells or normal cells freeze-fractured with glycerol present; the characteristic fracture faces are not seen in spheroplasts or isolated outer membranes. The concave fracture face c̆w2 consists of densely packed granules, while the convex face c̆w3 is fibrillar. The probable location of this fracture plane is discussed. After incubation with chloramphenicol, the outer surface of the cells is obscured by extracellular material, the dense peptidoglycan-containing layer is increased in thickness, and the cytoplasm contains rounded bodies bounded by one or more unit membranes. Freeze-etching was applied to preparations, with and without glycerol, of Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A, consisting of intact cells after normal growth or after incubation with chloramphenicol, spheroplasts, and isolated cell walls and outer membranes. Etched preparations show that a regular array of subunits forms the surface of normal cells. Near the zones of constriction in dividing cells, blebs and irregularities are seen, and some blebs, consisting of both surface subunits and outer membrane, are released from the cells. The cross-fractured cell envelope shows four layers which are related to the structures seen in section as follows: cw1, which is not visible in section, contains the surface subunits; cw2 consists of all or part of the outer membrane; cw3 includes the intermediate and dense, peptidoglycan-containing layers; within these cell wall layers is the plasma membrane. Internal fracture of the plasma membrane occurs under all conditions tested, but the fracture plane in the cell wall is only revealed in chloramphenicol-treated cells or normal cells freeze-fractured with glycerol present; the characteristic fracture faces are not seen in spheroplasts or isolated outer membranes. The concave fracture face cw2 consists of densely packed granules, while the convex face cw3 is fibrillar. The probable location of this fracture plane is discussed. After incubation with chloramphenicol, the outer surface of the cells is obscured by extracellular material, the dense peptidoglycan-containing layer is increased in thickness, and the cytoplasm contains rounded bodies bounded by one or more unit membranes. Freeze-etching was applied to preparations, with and without glycerol, of Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A, consisting of intact cells after normal growth or after incubation with chloramphenicol, spheroplasts, and isolated cell walls and outer membranes. Etched preparations show that a regular array of subunits forms the surface of normal cells. Near the zones of constriction in dividing cells, blebs and irregularities are seen, and some blebs, consisting of both surface subunits and outer membrane, are released from the cells. The cross-fractured cell envelope shows four layers which are related to the structures seen in section as follows: cw1, which is not visible in section, contains the surface subunits; cw2 consists of all or part of the outer membrane; cw3 includes the intermediate and dense, peptidoglycan-containing layers; within these cell wall layers is the plasma membrane. Internal fracture of the plasma membrane occurs under all conditions tested, but the fracture plane in the cell wall is only revealed in chloramphenicol-treated cells or normal cells freeze-fractured with glycerol present; the characteristic fracture faces are not seen in spheroplasts or isolated outer membranes. The concave fracture face w2 consists of densely packed granules, while the convex face w3 is fibrillar. The probable location of this fracture plane is discussed. After incubation with chloramphenicol, the outer surface of the cells is obscured by extracellular material, the dense peptidoglycan-containing layer is increased in thickness, and the cytoplasm contains rounded bodies bounded by one or more unit membranes. Article Usage Stats Services JB Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue JB About JB Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JB RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0021-9193 Online ISSN: 1098-5530 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. 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| Author | U. B. Sleytr Margaret J. Thornley |
| AuthorAffiliation | a Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, England |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1128/jb.92.6.1765-1771.1966 10.1007/BF00414662 10.1083/jcb.55.2.520 10.1128/jb.92.4.1206-1217.1966 10.1128/jb.98.3.1320-1327.1969 10.1007/BF00455276 10.1016/S0022-5320(70)90122-X 10.1128/br.29.3.326-344.1965 10.1007/BF01890403 10.1128/jb.108.1.474-481.1971 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61452-7 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90374-X 10.1128/jb.101.1.304-313.1970 10.1128/jb.106.2.659-671.1971 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1973.tb04068.x 10.1016/S0022-5320(67)80222-3 10.1128/jb.114.3.1294-1308.1973 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90285-X 10.1128/jb.113.1.445-451.1973 10.1083/jcb.17.3.609 10.1007/BF01279638 10.1242/jcs.3.2.273 10.1007/BF00412175 10.1128/br.29.3.345-358.1965 10.1099/00221287-70-1-31 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 92 start-page: 1765 year: 1966 ident: p_16 article-title: Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.6.1765-1771.1966 contributor: fullname: Remsen C. – ident: p_23 doi: 10.1007/BF00414662 – volume: 55 start-page: 520 year: 1972 ident: p_3 article-title: Freeze-fractured myosin filaments publication-title: J. Cell Biol. doi: 10.1083/jcb.55.2.520 contributor: fullname: Bullivant S. – volume: 92 start-page: 1206 year: 1966 ident: p_14 article-title: Relation between excreted lipopolysaccharide complexes and surface structures of a Iysine-limited culture of Escherichia coli publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.4.1206-1217.1966 contributor: fullname: Knox K. W. – volume: 98 start-page: 1320 year: 1969 ident: p_7 article-title: Changes in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli during magnesium starvation publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.3.1320-1327.1969 contributor: fullname: Fiil A. – volume: 91 start-page: 586 year: 1968 ident: p_4 article-title: Fracture faces in frozen outer segments from the guinea pig retina publication-title: Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. doi: 10.1007/BF00455276 contributor: fullname: Clark A. W. – volume: 33 start-page: 148 year: 1970 ident: p_31 article-title: Cell envelope of Nitrosocystis oceanus publication-title: J. Ultrastruct. Res. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5320(70)90122-X contributor: fullname: Watson S. W. – volume: 29 start-page: 326 year: 1965 ident: p_5 article-title: Symposium on the fine structure and replication of bacteria and their parts.III. Bacterial cell-wall replication followed by immunofluorescence publication-title: Bacteriol. Rev. doi: 10.1128/br.29.3.326-344.1965 contributor: fullname: Cole R. M. – volume: 82 start-page: 120 year: 1972 ident: p_28 article-title: Ultrastructure of Nitrosomonas europaea cells as revealed by freeze-etching publication-title: Arch. Mikrobiol. doi: 10.1007/BF01890403 contributor: fullname: Van Gool A. P. – volume: 108 start-page: 474 year: 1971 ident: p_29 article-title: Fracture faces in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/jb.108.1.474-481.1971 contributor: fullname: Van Gool A. P. – volume: 33 start-page: 253 year: 1972 ident: p_17 article-title: Freeze-etching of bacteria publication-title: Int. Rev. Cytol. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61452-7 contributor: fullname: Remsen C. C. – volume: 44 start-page: 477 year: 1969 ident: p_18 article-title: Synthesis and assembly of bacterial membrane components. A lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid-protein complex excreted by living bacteria publication-title: J. Mol. 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Biol. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90285-X contributor: fullname: Schwarz U. – volume: 113 start-page: 445 year: 1973 ident: p_8 article-title: Freeze-etching and X-ray diffraction of the isolated double-track layer from the cell wall of a gram-negative marine pseudomonad publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.1.445-451.1973 contributor: fullname: Forge A. – volume: 17 start-page: 609 year: 1963 ident: p_15 article-title: Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells publication-title: J. Cell Biol. doi: 10.1083/jcb.17.3.609 contributor: fullname: Moor H. – volume: 71 start-page: 295 year: 1970 ident: p_21 article-title: Fracture faces in intact cells and protoplasts of Bacillus stearothermophilus. A study by conventional freeze-etching and freeze-etching of corresponding fracture moieties publication-title: Protoplasma doi: 10.1007/BF01279638 contributor: fullname: Sleytr U. B. – volume: 3 start-page: 273 year: 1968 ident: p_26 article-title: Fine structure and radiation resistance in Acinetobacter: studies on a resistant strain publication-title: J. Cell Sci. doi: 10.1242/jcs.3.2.273 contributor: fullname: Thornley M. J. – volume: 72 start-page: 238 year: 1970 ident: p_22 article-title: Gefrieriitzung verschiedener Stamme von B. sphaericus publication-title: Arch. Mikrobiol. doi: 10.1007/BF00412175 contributor: fullname: Sleytr U. B. – volume: 29 start-page: 345 year: 1965 ident: p_20 article-title: Symposium on the fine structure and replication of bacteria and their parts. IV. Unbalanced cell-wall synthesis: autolysis and cell-wall thickening publication-title: Bacteriol. Rev. doi: 10.1128/br.29.3.345-358.1965 contributor: fullname: Shockman G. D. – volume: 1 start-page: 297 year: 1973 ident: p_13 article-title: Self-assembly of a surface component of a bacterial outer membrane publication-title: John Innes Symposium. contributor: fullname: Glauert A. M. – ident: p_9 – volume: 70 start-page: 31 year: 1972 ident: p_30 article-title: Wall and plasma membrane structures of Hydrogenomonas eutropha as revealed by stereography of replicas from complementary freeze-etched surfaces publication-title: J. Gen. Microbiol. doi: 10.1099/00221287-70-1-31 contributor: fullname: Veltri B. J. |
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Mendeley... Freeze-etching was applied to preparations, with and without glycerol, of Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A, consisting of intact cells after normal growth... Freeze-etching was applied to preparations, with and without glycerol, of Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A, consisting of intact cells after normal growth... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alcaligenes - cytology Alcaligenes - growth & development Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloramphenicol Culture Media Freeze Etching Glycerol Microscopy, Electron Models, Biological Morphology and Ultrastructure Muramidase Peptidoglycan Spheroplasts - cytology Staining and Labeling |
| Title | Freeze-Etching of the Cell Envelope of an Acinetobacter Species Which Carries a Regular Array of Surface Subunits |
| URI | http://jb.asm.org/content/116/3/1383.abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4127630 https://search.proquest.com/docview/82051507 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC246498 |
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