Somatosensory Cross-Modal Reorganization in Children With Cochlear Implants
Deprived of sensory input, as in deafness, the brain tends to reorganize. Cross-modal reorganization occurs when cortices associated with deficient sensory modalities are recruited by other, intact senses for processing of the latter's sensory input. Studies have shown that this type of reorgan...
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Published in | Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 13; p. 469 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | Deprived of sensory input, as in deafness, the brain tends to reorganize. Cross-modal reorganization occurs when cortices associated with deficient sensory modalities are recruited by other, intact senses for processing of the latter's sensory input. Studies have shown that this type of reorganization may affect outcomes when sensory stimulation is later introduced via intervention devices. One such device is the cochlear implant (CI). Hundreds of thousands of CIs have been fitted on people with hearing impairment worldwide, many of them children. Factors such as age of implantation have proven useful in predicting speech perception outcome with these devices in children. However, a portion of the variance in speech understanding ability remains unexplained. It is possible that the degree of cross-modal reorganization may explain additional variability in listening outcomes. Thus, the current study aimed to examine possible somatosensory cross-modal reorganization of the auditory cortices. To this end we used high density EEG to record cortical responses to vibrotactile stimuli in children with normal hearing (NH) and those with CIs. We first investigated cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) in NH children, in order to establish normal patterns of CSEP waveform morphology and sources of cortical activity. We then compared CSEP waveforms and estimations of cortical sources between NH children and those with CIs to assess the degree of somatosensory cross-modal reorganization. Results showed that NH children showed expected patterns of CSEP and current density reconstructions, such that postcentral cortices were activated contralaterally to the side of stimulation. Participants with CIs also showed this pattern of activity. However, in addition, they showed activation of auditory cortical areas in response to somatosensory stimulation. Additionally, certain CSEP waveform components were significantly earlier in the CI group than the children with NH. These results are taken as evidence of cross-modal reorganization by the somatosensory modality in children with CIs. Speech perception in noise scores were negatively associated with CSEP waveform components latencies in the CI group, suggesting that the degree of cross-modal reorganization is related to speech perception outcomes. These findings may have implications for clinical rehabilitation in children with cochlear implants. |
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AbstractList | Deprived of sensory input, as in deafness, the brain tends to reorganize. Cross-modal reorganization occurs when cortices associated with deficient sensory modalities are recruited by other, intact senses for processing of the latter’s sensory input. Studies have shown that this type of reorganization may affect outcomes when sensory stimulation is later introduced via intervention devices. One such device is the cochlear implant (CI). Hundreds of thousands of CIs have been fitted on people with hearing impairment worldwide, many of them children. Factors such as age of implantation have proven useful in predicting speech perception outcome with these devices in children. However, a portion of the variance in speech understanding ability remains unexplained. It is possible that the degree of cross-modal reorganization may explain additional variability in listening outcomes. Thus, the current study aimed to examine possible somatosensory cross-modal reorganization of the auditory cortices. To this end we used high density EEG to record cortical responses to vibrotactile stimuli in children with normal hearing (NH) and those with CIs. We first investigated cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) in NH children, in order to establish normal patterns of CSEP waveform morphology and sources of cortical activity. We then compared CSEP waveforms and estimations of cortical sources between NH children and those with CIs to assess the degree of somatosensory cross-modal reorganization. Results showed that NH children showed expected patterns of CSEP and current density reconstructions, such that postcentral cortices were activated contralaterally to the side of stimulation. Participants with CIs also showed this pattern of activity. However, in addition, they showed activation of auditory cortical areas in response to somatosensory stimulation. Additionally, certain CSEP waveform components were significantly earlier in the CI group than the children with NH. These results are taken as evidence of cross-modal reorganization by the somatosensory modality in children with CIs. Speech perception in noise scores were negatively associated with CSEP waveform components latencies in the CI group, suggesting that the degree of cross-modal reorganization is related to speech perception outcomes. These findings may have implications for clinical rehabilitation in children with cochlear implants. Deprived of sensory input, as in deafness, the brain tends to reorganize. Cross-modal reorganization occurs when cortices associated with deficient sensory modalities are recruited by other, intact senses for processing of the latter’s sensory input. Studies have shown that this type of reorganization may affect outcomes when sensory stimulation is later introduced via intervention devices. One such device is the cochlear implant (CI). Hundreds of thousands of CIs have been fitted on people with hearing impairment worldwide, many of them children. Factors such as age of implantation have proven useful in predicting speech perception outcome with these devices in children. However, a portion of the variance in speech understanding ability remains unexplained. It is possible that the degree of cross-modal reorganization may explain additional variability in listening outcomes. Thus, the current study aimed to examine possible somatosensory cross-modal reorganization of the auditory cortices. To this end we used high density EEG to record cortical responses to vibrotactile stimuli in children with normal hearing (NH) and those with CIs. We first investigated cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) in NH children, in order to establish normal patterns of CSEP waveform morphology and sources of cortical activity. We then compared CSEP waveforms and estimations of cortical sources between NH children and those with CIs to assess the degree of somatosensory cross-modal reorganization. Results showed that NH children showed expected patterns of CSEP and current density reconstructions, such that postcentral cortices were activated contralaterally to the side of stimulation. Participants with CIs also showed this pattern of activity. However, in addition, they showed activation of auditory cortical areas in response to somatosensory stimulation. Additionally, certain CSEP waveform components were significantly earlier in the CI group than the children with normal hearing. These results are taken as evidence of cross-modal reorganization by the somatosensory modality in children with CIs. Speech perception in noise scores were negatively associated with CSEP waveform components latencies in the CI group, suggesting that the degree of cross-modal reorganization is related to speech perception outcomes. These findings may have implications for clinical rehabilitation in children with cochlear implants. |
Author | Cardon, Garrett Sharma, Anu |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Psychology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , United States 2 Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , United States |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Psychology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , United States – name: 2 Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , United States |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Garrett surname: Cardon fullname: Cardon, Garrett organization: Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Anu surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Anu organization: Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312115$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | somatosensory high density EEG vibrotactile cortical somatosensory evoked potential independent components analysis sLORETA cochlear implants cross-modal reorganization |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Deprived of sensory input, as in deafness, the brain tends to reorganize. Cross-modal reorganization occurs when cortices associated with deficient sensory... |
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StartPage | 469 |
SubjectTerms | Age Children Cochlea Cochlear implants Cortex cortical somatosensory evoked potential Cross-modal cross-modal reorganization Deafness EEG Hearing loss high density EEG Language Neuroscience Pediatrics Rehabilitation Sensorimotor integration Sensory integration somatosensory Somatosensory evoked potentials Speech Speech perception Tactile stimuli Transplants & implants Vibrations vibrotactile |
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Title | Somatosensory Cross-Modal Reorganization in Children With Cochlear Implants |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312115 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2307174405/abstract/ https://search.proquest.com/docview/2259363814 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6613479 https://doaj.org/article/6e69ebd2f4594d228d1785cd8b55cae7 |
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