Utility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Study and Treatment of Genetic Diseases: Focus on Childhood Neurological Disorders

The study of neurological disorders often presents with significant challenges due to the inaccessibility of human neuronal cells for further investigation. Advances in cellular reprogramming techniques, have however provided a new source of human cells for laboratory-based research. Patient-derived...

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Published inFrontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 9; p. 78
Main Authors Barral, Serena, Kurian, Manju A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 06.09.2016
Frontiers Media S.A
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Abstract The study of neurological disorders often presents with significant challenges due to the inaccessibility of human neuronal cells for further investigation. Advances in cellular reprogramming techniques, have however provided a new source of human cells for laboratory-based research. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can now be robustly differentiated into specific neural subtypes, including dopaminergic, inhibitory GABAergic, motorneurons and cortical neurons. These neurons can then be utilized for in vitro studies to elucidate molecular causes underpinning neurological disease. Although human iPSC-derived neuronal models are increasingly regarded as a useful tool in cell biology, there are a number of limitations, including the relatively early, fetal stage of differentiated cells and the mainly two dimensional, simple nature of the in vitro system. Furthermore, clonal variation is a well-described phenomenon in iPSC lines. In order to account for this, robust baseline data from multiple control lines is necessary to determine whether a particular gene defect leads to a specific cellular phenotype. Over the last few years patient-derived neural cells have proven very useful in addressing several mechanistic questions related to central nervous system diseases, including early-onset neurological disorders of childhood. Many studies report the clinical utility of human-derived neural cells for testing known drugs with repurposing potential, novel compounds and gene therapies, which then can be translated to clinical reality. iPSCs derived neural cells, therefore provide great promise and potential to gain insight into, and treat early-onset neurological disorders.
AbstractList The study of neurological disorders often presents with significant challenges due to the inaccessibility of human neuronal cells for further investigation. Advances in cellular reprogramming techniques, have however provided a new source of human cells for laboratory-based research. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can now be robustly differentiated into specific neural subtypes, including dopaminergic, inhibitory GABAergic, motorneurons and cortical neurons. These neurons can then be utilized for in vitro studies to elucidate molecular causes underpinning neurological disease. Although human iPSC-derived neuronal models are increasingly regarded as a useful tool in cell biology, there are a number of limitations, including the relatively early, fetal stage of differentiated cells and the mainly two dimensional, simple nature of the in vitro system. Furthermore, clonal variation is a well-described phenomenon in iPSC lines. In order to account for this, robust baseline data from multiple control lines is necessary to determine whether a particular gene defect leads to a specific cellular phenotype. Over the last few years patient-derived neural cells have proven very useful in addressing several mechanistic questions related to central nervous system diseases, including early-onset neurological disorders of childhood. Many studies report the clinical utility of human-derived neural cells for testing known drugs with repurposing potential, novel compounds and gene therapies, which then can be translated to clinical reality. iPSCs derived neural cells, therefore provide great promise and potential to gain insight into, and treat early-onset neurological disorders.
The study of neurological disorders often presents with significant challenges due to the inaccessibility of human neuronal cells for further investigation. Advances in cellular reprogramming techniques have however provided a new source of human cells for laboratory-based research. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can now be robustly differentiated into specific neural subtypes, including dopaminergic, inhibitory GABAergic, motorneurons and cortical neurons. These neurons can then be utilized for in vitro studies to elucidate molecular causes underpinning neurological disease. Although human iPSC-derived neuronal models are increasingly regarded as a useful tool in cell biology, there are a number of limitations, including the relatively early, fetal stage of differentiated cells and the mainly two dimensional, simple nature of the in vitro system. Furthermore, clonal variation is a well-described phenomenon in iPSC lines. In order to account for this, robust baseline data from multiple control lines is necessary to determine whether a particular gene defect leads to a specific cellular phenotype. Over the last few years patient-derived neural cells have proven very useful in addressing several mechanistic questions related to central nervous system diseases, including early-onset neurological disorders of childhood. Many studies report the clinical utility of human-derived neural cells for testing known drugs with repurposing potential, novel compounds and gene therapies, which then can be translated to clinical reality. iPSCs derived neural cells therefore provide great promise and potential to gain insight into, and treat early-onset neurological disorders.
Author Barral, Serena
Kurian, Manju A
AuthorAffiliation 1 Neurogenetics Group, Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London London, UK
2 Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, UK
– name: 1 Neurogenetics Group, Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London London, UK
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  surname: Barral
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  givenname: Manju A
  surname: Kurian
  fullname: Kurian, Manju A
  organization: Neurogenetics Group, Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College LondonLondon, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street HospitalLondon, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27656126$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright © 2016 Barral and Kurian. 2016 Barral and Kurian
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Keywords in vitro disease modeling
childhood neurological disorders
iPSCs
drug screening
gene therapies
isogenic control
Language English
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Edited by: Kirsten Harvey, University College London, UK
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Snippet The study of neurological disorders often presents with significant challenges due to the inaccessibility of human neuronal cells for further investigation....
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StartPage 78
SubjectTerms Age
Cell differentiation
Central nervous system
Central nervous system diseases
Children
Disease
Dopamine receptors
Fetuses
Fibroblasts
Gene therapy
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Motor neurons
Mutation
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neuroscience
Patients
Phenotypes
Pluripotency
Stem cells
γ-Aminobutyric acid
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Title Utility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Study and Treatment of Genetic Diseases: Focus on Childhood Neurological Disorders
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27656126
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2308651006
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1823035398
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5012159
Volume 9
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