Dangerous prey and daring predators: a review
ABSTRACT How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This i...
Saved in:
| Published in | Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Vol. 88; no. 3; pp. 550 - 563 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.08.2013
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | ABSTRACT
How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk‐taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk-taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists.How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk-taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists. How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk-taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists. How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk-taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] ABSTRACT How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do manage food and safety from predators, little attention has been given to the risks posed by dangerous prey. This is a potentially important oversight because risk of injury can give rise to foraging costs similar to those arising from the risk of predation, and with similar consequences. Here, we synthesize the literature on how foragers manage risks associated with dangerous prey and adapt previous theory to make the first steps towards a framework for future studies. Though rarely documented, it appears that in some systems predators are frequently injured while hunting and risk of injury can be an important foraging cost. Fitness costs of foraging injuries, which can be fatal, likely vary widely but have rarely been studied and should be the subject of future research. Like other types of risk‐taking behaviour, it appears that there is individual variation in the willingness to take risks, which can be driven by social factors, experience and foraging abilities, or differences in body condition. Because of ongoing modifications to natural communities, including changes in prey availability and relative abundance as well as the introduction of potentially dangerous prey to numerous ecosystems, understanding the prevalence and consequences of hunting dangerous prey should be a priority for behavioural ecologists. |
| Author | Heithaus, Michael R. Mukherjee, Shomen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shomen surname: Mukherjee fullname: Mukherjee, Shomen email: shomenm@gmail.com organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151ST, FL, 33154, North Miami, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael R. surname: Heithaus fullname: Heithaus, Michael R. organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151ST, FL, 33154, North Miami, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331494$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkU9P2zAYhy3EBLRw4AugSFzYISWOXzsOt9ENGEJDmjrKzXLiN8iQJp2dwvrt5_7boQLNF9vS8_xkv78e2W3aBgk5psmAhnVeuNcBTRMKO-SAgshjKvnj7vIMcZYzuk963j8ngRCC7ZH9lDFGIYcDEn_VzRO6duajqcN5pBsTGe1s87S4G921zl9EOnL4avHtkHyqdO3xaL33ya-rb6PhTXx3f_19-OUuLiFPIBYFlsJobsDwiiVMA1SIqclAVkXKMZUpApiqMLISEspMMC61SVlRQsKkZH1ytsqduvb3DH2nJtaXWNe6wfBURYElEgQH_n-U5RIY5KkI6OkW-tzOXBM-sqByzjMZBtMnJ2tqVkzQqKmzE-3majOzAJyvgNK13jusVGk73dm26Zy2taKJWrSiQitq2UowPm8Zm9D32HX6m61x_jGoLn8-bIx4ZVjf4Z9_hnYvSmQs42r841qNxej24YZfqTH7CzHap_E |
| CODEN | BRCPAH |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2018_08_071 crossref_primary_10_1086_690501 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_9002 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_13011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10905_018_9677_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocontrol_2019_104076 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2656_14070 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_applanim_2021_105462 crossref_primary_10_1111_aec_13287 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_024_03511_1 crossref_primary_10_21638_spbu03_2021_305 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00114_018_1555_z crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_11313 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_020_01193_9 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0088773 crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_9199_JVATITD_2021_0037 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_171449 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_154682 crossref_primary_10_1071_MF19291 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blx156 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12259 crossref_primary_10_1670_16_094 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40806_019_00209_w crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_13143 crossref_primary_10_3390_oceans1030008 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_12435 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0292374 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_1499 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_7879 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0153439 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2021_06_025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cretres_2020_104633 crossref_primary_10_1093_ismeco_ycaf031 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2656_12508 crossref_primary_10_1655_HERPETOLOGICA_D_15_00045 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08355 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11092497 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41583_023_00699_5 crossref_primary_10_1636_JoA_S_20_060 crossref_primary_10_1111_ele_13614 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2205942119 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_13256 crossref_primary_10_1242_bio_058453 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep33089 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ygcen_2016_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12906 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_022_03189_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_2698 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecm_1498 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjp_s13360_024_05234_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2024_105083 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_018_2520_8 crossref_primary_10_1002_spp2_1559 crossref_primary_10_1670_22_068 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_adg1464 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_13268 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2019_03_044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_zool_2019_125714 crossref_primary_10_1093_iob_obad032 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41559_017_0131 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0290459 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_01977 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quascirev_2018_08_011 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_03486 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_4426 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0093546 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_12183 crossref_primary_10_1111_fwb_14039 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxins12040260 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_244551 crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_9199_jvatitd_2021_0036 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2435_12866 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2214006119 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2022_0194 crossref_primary_10_1093_cz_zoaa058 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0112884 crossref_primary_10_1111_mms_12634 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arad083 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10530_014_0833_8 crossref_primary_10_1080_15659801_2016_1207298 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_11116 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_3928 crossref_primary_10_1111_jzo_12450 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_12865 crossref_primary_10_1093_mollus_eyv007 crossref_primary_10_1636_JoA_S_21_005 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10164_019_00619_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gecco_2023_e02650 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0144182 crossref_primary_10_1093_icb_icad047 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_2812 crossref_primary_10_3957_056_048_024001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_022_05218_4 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_9609 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2021_03_011 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_41664_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolmodel_2022_110247 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_zool_2020_125863 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2022_e11365 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_140507 crossref_primary_10_31857_S0044513424010118 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_16878 crossref_primary_10_1111_jzo_12442 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blaa104 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blaa102 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_221012 crossref_primary_10_1086_702341 crossref_primary_10_1636_JoA_S_23_008 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_araa123 crossref_primary_10_1111_een_13244 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12862_021_01880_z crossref_primary_10_1080_00222933_2016_1180717 crossref_primary_10_1086_727472 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjz_2020_0253 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2024_1052 crossref_primary_10_1002_jez_b_22918 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12894 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fooweb_2023_e00320 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_229997 crossref_primary_10_22201_fc_25942158e_2023_3_702 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arac095 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blab128 crossref_primary_10_1134_S1062359024701085 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2021_761984 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2014_03_043 crossref_primary_10_1111_jen_12800 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecofro_2024_04_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolind_2021_108419 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08743 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_05118 crossref_primary_10_3390_d12110415 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_019_2680_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12714 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_190264 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2019_0277 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_13120 crossref_primary_10_1163_1568539X_00003391 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_9873 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13127_020_00453_0 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_bly181 crossref_primary_10_1093_isd_ixae019 crossref_primary_10_1111_jzo_13198 crossref_primary_10_1111_jen_12811 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_14554 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jproteome_1c00608 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_16696 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_3995 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12782 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arz032 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_014_2956_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_evo_14112 crossref_primary_10_1111_mam_12323 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2014_02_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2020_08_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2095_3119_20_63291_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_13083 crossref_primary_10_1111_jzo_12944 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_09664 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1126/science.1060701 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00593.x 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80048-4 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.003 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00661.x 10.1515/9780691207001 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00652.x 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60366-6 10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.004 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01593-1 10.2307/1379968 10.1037/0735-7036.100.3.304 10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.001251 10.1007/s00265-009-0809-3 10.2307/1936833 10.1126/science.261.5120.456 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01447.x 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02925.x 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00560.x 10.1093/plankt/18.6.1055 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01108.x 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1 10.1086/501033 10.1163/156853994X00181 10.1676/05-124.1 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80157-X 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.12.009 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80907-8 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.11.004 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00835.x 10.1093/beheco/5.2.159 10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.002101 10.1017/S002531540501218X 10.1007/BF00395696 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00955.x 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb02872.x 10.2307/2425087 10.2983/035.029.0118 10.1093/jmammal/34.2.256a 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01081.x 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0264:IOVTAR>2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01260.x 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01198.x 10.1038/377334a0 10.1006/anbe.1994.1052 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00181.x 10.2307/5225 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00139.x 10.1086/285079 10.1080/00445096.1965.11447324 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13858.x 10.2307/1939235 10.5358/hsj1972.12.4_135 10.1038/333069a0 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00195.x 10.1006/anbe.1993.1243 10.1016/j.tree.2008.01.003 10.2307/1383287 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01512.x 10.1111/j.2008.0908-8857.04251.x 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6716 10.2307/1940327 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.12.014 10.1007/s00265-007-0410-6 10.1086/284844 10.2307/3809395 10.1093/beheco/4.1.90 10.1006/anbe.2000.1592 10.1890/04-0719 10.3356/JRR-07-42.1 10.4039/Ent91385-7 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90210-O 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00179.x 10.1007/s00265-011-1162-x 10.1093/beheco/12.5.569 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1691:HSBEBA]2.0.CO;2 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1083:AROTII]2.0.CO;2 10.2307/1313476 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00047-9 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x 10.1006/anbe.1994.1285 10.1086/284969 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009 10.1007/s00442-008-1189-5 10.1371/journal.pone.0005116 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x 10.1016/B978-012415031-7/50017-3 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081028 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12814.x 10.1139/z90-092 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2013 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society 2013 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Aug 2013 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2013 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society – notice: 2013 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society. – notice: Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Aug 2013 |
| DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7SN 7SS C1K 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1111/brv.12014 |
| DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Animal Behavior Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Entomology Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Animal Behavior Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic Ecology Abstracts MEDLINE Entomology Abstracts CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Ecology |
| EISSN | 1469-185X |
| EndPage | 563 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 3017950741 23331494 10_1111_brv_12014 BRV12014 ark_67375_WNG_W6TJVH5F_W |
| Genre | article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Review Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Florida International University College of Arts and Sciences – fundername: National Science Foundation funderid: OCE0745606; DEB‐9910514 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -~X .3N .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1OB 1OC 23N 31~ 33P 36B 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5VS 66C 6J9 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHBH AAHHS AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCQX ABCUV ABEML ABITZ ABJNI ABLJU ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFS ACGOD ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACQPF ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFFPM AFGKR AFKSM AFPWT AFRAH AFZJQ AHBTC AHEFC AIACR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BIYOS BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BSCLL BY8 C45 CAG CHEAL COF CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 EBD EBS EJD EMB EMOBN EX3 F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE FUBAC G-S G.N GODZA H.X HF~ HGLYW HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IX1 J0M K48 KBYEO L7B L98 LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MVM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OIG OVD P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K RCA RIG RIWAO RJQFR ROL RX1 RXW SAMSI SUPJJ SV3 TAE TEORI TN5 UB1 UPT W8V W99 WBKPD WH7 WIH WIJ WIK WNSPC WOHZO WOW WQJ WRC WXI WXSBR WYISQ X6Y XG1 XOL XSW YZZ ZXP ~02 ~IA ~WT AAHQN AAIPD AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AAYCA ABGDZ ABVKB ACRPL ACYXJ ADNMO AEFGJ AEYWJ AFWVQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AIDQK AIDYY ALVPJ AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7SN 7SS C1K 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4904-6bec6da5d4d5f303a44fee2d748fb25e282e44dfbd8f684c76358ad23bc403883 |
| IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
| ISSN | 1464-7931 1469-185X |
| IngestDate | Thu Jul 10 18:56:34 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 05:57:58 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 13 05:14:31 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:52:26 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 03:31:08 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:57:24 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 20 07:25:09 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 30 09:55:20 EDT 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | risk of injury prey avoidance predator injury predator-prey interaction foraging behaviour |
| Language | English |
| License | 2013 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4904-6bec6da5d4d5f303a44fee2d748fb25e282e44dfbd8f684c76358ad23bc403883 |
| Notes | ark:/67375/WNG-W6TJVH5F-W istex:1EFC3ECC690DFE44195BD1BC2B6BA321AE3C039D ArticleID:BRV12014 National Science Foundation - No. OCE0745606; No. DEB-9910514 Florida International University College of Arts and Sciences Present address: School of Life Sciences (Biological & Conservation Sciences), University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Westville Campus, PO Box 54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Literature Review-2 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 23331494 |
| PQID | 1399557823 |
| PQPubID | 36769 |
| PageCount | 14 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1430846545 proquest_miscellaneous_1398434926 proquest_journals_1399557823 pubmed_primary_23331494 crossref_citationtrail_10_1111_brv_12014 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12014 wiley_primary_10_1111_brv_12014_BRV12014 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_W6TJVH5F_W |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | August 2013 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2013 text: August 2013 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: England – name: Cambridge |
| PublicationTitle | Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Biol Rev |
| PublicationYear | 2013 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| References | Holt, D. W. & Layne, E. A. (2008). Eye injuries in long-eared owls (Asiootus): prevalence and survival. Journal of Raptor Research 42, 243-247. McLellan, W. A., Thayer, V. G. & Pabst, D. A. (1996). Stingray spine mortality in a bottle nose dolphin, Tursiops truncates, from North Carolina waters. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 112, 98-101. Creel, S. & Christanson, D. (2008). Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 194-201. Ackermann, J. & Redig, P. (1997). Surgical repair of elbow luxation in raptors. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 11, 247-254. Martin, R. A., Hammerschlag, N., Collier, R. S. & Fallows, C. (2005). Predatory behaviour of white shakrs (Carcharodon carcharias) at Seal Island, South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 1121-1135. Pellis, S. M. & Officer, R. C. E. (1987). An analysis of some predatory behavior patterns in four species of carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae), with comparative notes on the Eutherian cat Felis catus. Ethology 75, 177-196. Congi, R., Fritus, A. V. L. & Filho, B. F. A. (2002). Influence of prey size on predation success by Zelus longipes L. (Het., Reduviidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 126, 74-78. Gomes, C. M. & Boesch, C. (2009). Wild chimpanzees exchange meat for sex on a long- term basis. PLoS ONE 4 (4), e5116 (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005116). Reale, D., Reader, S. M., Sol, D., McDougall, P. T. & Dingemanse, N. J. (2007). Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biological Reviews 82, 291-318. Boesch, C. (1994). Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 48, 653-667. Braithwaite, L. F., Stone, B. & Bingham, B. L. (2010). Defensive behaviors of gastropod Amphissa columbiana. Journal of Shellfish Research 29, 217-222. Edmunds, M. (1974). Defense in Animals: A Survey of Anti-Predator Defenses. Longman, Harlow. Corbett, J. (1946). Man-Eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, London. Frid, A., Burns, J. & Baker, G. G. (2009). Predicting synergistic effects of resources and predators on foraging decisions by juvenile steller sea lions. Oecologia 158, 775-786. Olive, C. W. (1980). Foraging specialization in orb-weaving spiders. Ecology 61, 1133-1144. Roth, A. J., Jones, G. S. & French, T. W. (2002). Incidence of naturally-healed fractures in the pectoral bones of North American accipiters. Journal of Raptor Research 36, 229-230. Wirsing, A., Cameron, K. & Heithaus, M. R. (2010). Spatial responses to predators vary with prey escape mode. Animal Behavior 79, 531-537. Brodie, E. D. III & Brodie, E. D. Jr. (1999). Predator-prey arms races: asymmetrical selection on predators and prey may be reduced when prey are dangerous. Bioscience 49, 557-568. Magnhagen, C. (1991). Predation risk as a cost of reproduction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, 183-186. Schmitz, O., Krivan, V. & Ovadia, O. (2004). Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interactions. Ecology Letters 7, 153-163. Cresswell, W. & Quinn, J. L. (2004). Faced with a choice, sparrowhawks more often attack the more vulnerable prey group. Oikos 104, 71-76. Hopcraft, J. G. C., Sinclair, A. R. E. & Packer, C. (2005). Planning for success: Serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance. The Journal of Animal Ecology 74, 559-566. Van Valkenburg, B. & Hertel, F. (1993). Tough times at La Brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late Pleistocene. Science 261, 456-459. McComb, K., Packer, C. & Pusey, A. (1994). Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo. Animal Behaviour 47, 379-387. Barr, A. D., Wieburg, S. A. & Kardong, K. V. (1988). The predatory strike behavior of the mamushi (Agkistrodon b. blomhoffii) and the Malay Pitviper (Calloselasma rhodostoma). Japanese Journal of Herpetology 12, 135-138. Dickson, B. G., Jenness, J. S. & Beier, P. (2004). Influence of vegetation, topography, and roads on cougar movement in Southern California. The Journal of Wildlife Management 69, 264-276. Sih, A., Bell, A. & Johnson, J. C. (2004). Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19, 372-378. Wilson, D. S., Clark, A. B., Coleman, K. & Dearstyne, T. (1994). Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9, 442-446. Makacha, S. & Schaller, G. B. (1969). Observations on lions in the Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania. East African Wildlife Journal 7, 99-103. Vermeij, G. J. (1994). The evolutionary interaction among species: selection, escalation and coevolution. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 25, 219-236. Tricas, T. C. & McCosker, J. E. (1985). Predatory behavior of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), with notes on its biology. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 43, 221-238. Eisner, T. & Aneshansley, D. J. (1999). Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, 9705-9709. Berger, J. (1979). Predator harassment as a defense strategy in ungulates. American Midland Naturalist 102, 197-199. Shine, R., Harlow, P. S., Keogh, J. S. & Boeadi (1998). The influence of body size on the food habits of a giant tropical snake, Python reticularis. Functional Ecology 12, 248-258. Klimley, A. P. (1994). The predatory behavior of the white shark. American Scientist 52, 122-133. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Brown, J. S., Laundre, J. W. & Gurung, M. (1999). The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions. Journal of Mammalogy 80, 385-399. Holekamp, K. E., Smale, L., Breg, R. & Cooper, S. M. (1997). Hunting rates and hunting success in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Zoology 242, 1-15. Riechert, S. E. & Hedrick, A. V. (1993). A test for correlations among fitness-linked behavioural traits in the spider Agelenopsisaperta (Aranear, Agelenidae). Animal Behaviour 46, 669-675. Sih, A. & Christensen, B. (2001). Optimal diet theory: when does it work, and when and why does it fail? Animal Behaviour 61, 379-390. MacNulty, D. R., Smith, D. W., Mech, L. D. & Eberly, L. E. (2009). Body size and predatory performance in wolves: is bigger better? The Journal of Animal Ecology 78, 532-539. Berger-Tal, O., Mukherjee, S., Kotler, B. P. & Brown, J. S. (2009). Look before you leap: is risk of injury a foraging cost? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63, 1821-1827. Scheel, D. (1993). Profitability, encounter rates, and prey choice of African lions. Behavioral Ecology 4, 90-97. Berger-Tal, O., Mukherjee, S., Kotler, B. P. & Brown, J. S. (2010). Complex state-dependent game between owls and gerbils. Ecology Letters 13, 302-310. Wall, M. & Shine, R. (2007). Dangerous food: lacking venom and constriction, how do snake-like lizards (Lialisburtonis, Pygopodidae) subdue their lizard prey? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91, 719-727. Duignan, P. J., Hunter, J. E. B., Visser, I. N., Jones, G. W. & Nutman, A. (2000). Stingray spines: a potential cause of killer whale mortality in New Zealand. Aquatic Mammals 26, 143-147. Auffenberg, W. (1981). Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor. University Press Florida, Gainesville. Packer, C. & Ruttam, L. (1988). The evolution of cooperative hunting. The American Naturalist 132, 159-198. Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (2002). The African Wild dog: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation. Princeton University Press, Princerton. Ruxton, G. D., Speed, M. P. & Kelly, D. J. (2004). What, if anything, is the adaptive function of countershading? Animal Behaviour 68, 445-451. Swaffer, S. M. & O'Brien, W. J. (1996). Spines of Daphnia lumholtzi create feeding difficulties for juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Journal of Plankton Research 18, 1055-1061. Warham, J. (1977). The incidence, function and ecological significance of petrel stomach oils. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 24, 84-93. Grinnell, J., Packer, C. & Pusey, A. E. (1995). Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or mutualism? Animal Behaviour 49, 95-105. Brown, J. S. (1992). Patch use under predation risk. I. Models and predictions. Annales Zoologici Fennici 29, 301-309. Hayward, M. W., Henschel, P., O'Brien, J., Hofmeyr, M., Balme, G. & Kerley, G. I. H. (2006). Prey preferences of the leopard (Pantherapardus). Journal of Zoology 270, 298-313. Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (1995). Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus. Animal Behaviour 50, 1325-1339. Charnov, E. L. (1976). Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9 (129), 136. Hebblewhite, M., Merrill, E. H. & McDonald, T. L. (2005). Spatial decomposition of predation risk using resource selection functions: an example in a wolf-elk predator-prey system. Oikos 111, 101-111. Bedrosian, B. E. & St. Pierre, A. M. (2007). Frequency of injuries in three raptor species wintering in northern Arkansas. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119, 296-298. Juanes, F. & Hartwick, E. B. (1990). Prey selection in dungeness crabs: the effect of claw damage. Ecology 71, 744-758. Greene, J. (1967). The distribution and variation of Daphnia Zumholtzi (Crustacea: Cladocera) in relation to fish predation in Lake Albert, East Africa. Journal of Zoology 151, 181-197. Van Valkenburg, B. (2009). Costs of carnivory: tooth fracture in Pleistocene and recent carnivorans. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96, 68-81. Boyce, M. S. & McDonald, L. L. (1999). Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, 268-272. Kardong, K. V. (1986). Predatory strike behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Comparative Psychology 100, 304-313. Heithaus, M. R., Frid, A., Wirsing, A. J. & Worm, B. (2008). Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 202-210. Mao, J. 2010; 13 1999; 49 2004; 7 1994; 131 2008; 39 1974 1972 1995; 377 1977; 24 2007; 76 1994; 63 2005; 69 1965; 1 2001; 61 2009; 96 2010; 29 1967; 151 1986; 100 1988; 333 2005; 74 1986 2008; 23 2011; 65 2007; 61 1981 1971; 2 2010; 2 2003; 289 2006; 167 1998; 12 1993; 46 1995; 50 2009; 63 1996; 18 2005; 111 1980; 61 1962; 16 2005; 85 1988; 12 1996 2005; 86 2007; 91 2007; 10 1976; 9 2009; 78 1987; 68 1995; 49 2011; 86 1988; 22 1992; 29 2002; 126 2007; 82 2008; 42 1996; 112 1979; 102 2006; 71 1987; 75 2004; 69 2004; 68 1994; 25 1999; 80 1953; 34 2009; 158 1993; 4 2001; 294 1990; 136 1997; 11 1969; 7 1999; 14 1988; 132 1999; 96 2001; 12 2003; 84 1946 1998; 27 1991; 4 2002; 36 2004; 104 2010; 79 2000; 26 1994; 47 1993; 261 1994; 48 1993; 90 2002 2006; 270 1998; 21 1985; 43 1957 1991; 6 1994; 9 1988; 4 2007; 119 1959; 91 1990; 68 2004; 19 2000; 34 1997; 242 1994; 58 2009; 4 1994; 5 1994; 52 1990; 71 e_1_2_9_75_1 e_1_2_9_98_1 e_1_2_9_52_1 e_1_2_9_79_1 e_1_2_9_94_1 e_1_2_9_10_1 e_1_2_9_56_1 e_1_2_9_90_1 e_1_2_9_71_1 e_1_2_9_103_1 e_1_2_9_107_1 e_1_2_9_14_1 Duignan P. J. (e_1_2_9_33_1) 2000; 26 e_1_2_9_37_1 e_1_2_9_18_1 e_1_2_9_41_1 e_1_2_9_64_1 e_1_2_9_87_1 e_1_2_9_45_1 e_1_2_9_83_1 e_1_2_9_6_1 e_1_2_9_60_1 e_1_2_9_111_1 e_1_2_9_26_1 e_1_2_9_49_1 e_1_2_9_30_1 e_1_2_9_53_1 e_1_2_9_99_1 e_1_2_9_72_1 e_1_2_9_11_1 e_1_2_9_57_1 e_1_2_9_95_1 e_1_2_9_76_1 Klimley A. P. (e_1_2_9_58_1) 1994; 52 Auffenberg W. (e_1_2_9_4_1) 1981 Swaffer S. M. (e_1_2_9_101_1) 1996; 18 McLellan W. A. (e_1_2_9_74_1) 1996; 112 e_1_2_9_106_1 e_1_2_9_15_1 e_1_2_9_38_1 Gibson M. J. (e_1_2_9_39_1) 1998; 21 e_1_2_9_42_1 e_1_2_9_61_1 e_1_2_9_46_1 e_1_2_9_84_1 e_1_2_9_65_1 e_1_2_9_80_1 e_1_2_9_5_1 e_1_2_9_9_1 Charnov E. L. (e_1_2_9_19_1) 1976; 9 e_1_2_9_27_1 Corbett J. (e_1_2_9_22_1) 1946 e_1_2_9_110_1 e_1_2_9_31_1 e_1_2_9_50_1 e_1_2_9_73_1 Corbett J. (e_1_2_9_23_1) 1957 e_1_2_9_35_1 e_1_2_9_96_1 e_1_2_9_12_1 e_1_2_9_54_1 e_1_2_9_92_1 e_1_2_9_109_1 Schaller G. B. (e_1_2_9_91_1) 1972 e_1_2_9_105_1 e_1_2_9_20_1 e_1_2_9_62_1 e_1_2_9_89_1 e_1_2_9_24_1 e_1_2_9_43_1 e_1_2_9_66_1 e_1_2_9_85_1 e_1_2_9_8_1 e_1_2_9_81_1 Mangani B. (e_1_2_9_68_1) 1962; 16 Roth A. J. (e_1_2_9_88_1) 2002; 36 Warham J. (e_1_2_9_108_1) 1977; 24 e_1_2_9_28_1 e_1_2_9_47_1 e_1_2_9_51_1 Tricas T. C. (e_1_2_9_102_1) 1985; 43 e_1_2_9_78_1 e_1_2_9_13_1 e_1_2_9_32_1 e_1_2_9_55_1 e_1_2_9_97_1 e_1_2_9_93_1 Manly B. F. J. (e_1_2_9_69_1) 2002 e_1_2_9_70_1 e_1_2_9_100_1 Ackermann J. (e_1_2_9_2_1) 1997; 11 e_1_2_9_104_1 e_1_2_9_17_1 e_1_2_9_36_1 e_1_2_9_59_1 e_1_2_9_63_1 e_1_2_9_40_1 e_1_2_9_21_1 e_1_2_9_67_1 e_1_2_9_44_1 e_1_2_9_86_1 Murza G. L. (e_1_2_9_77_1) 2000; 34 e_1_2_9_7_1 e_1_2_9_82_1 e_1_2_9_3_1 Brown J. S. (e_1_2_9_16_1) 1992; 29 Edmunds M. (e_1_2_9_34_1) 1974 e_1_2_9_25_1 e_1_2_9_48_1 e_1_2_9_29_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Brown, J. S. (1988). Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk, and competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 22, 37-47. – reference: Corbett, J. (1957). Man-Eaters of India. Oxford University Press, New York. – reference: Schmitz, O., Krivan, V. & Ovadia, O. (2004). Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interactions. Ecology Letters 7, 153-163. – reference: Holekamp, K. E., Smale, L., Breg, R. & Cooper, S. M. (1997). Hunting rates and hunting success in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Zoology 242, 1-15. – reference: Scheel, D. & Packer, C. (1991). Group hunting behaviour of lions: a search for cooperation. Animal Behaviour 4, 697-709. – reference: Haddock, S. H. D., Moline, M. A. & Case, J. F. (2010). Bioluminescence in the sea. Annual Review of Marine Science 2, 443-493. – reference: Heithaus, M. R., Wirsing, A. J., Burkholder, D., Thomson, J. & Dill, L. M. (2009). Towards a predictive framework for predator risk effects: the interaction of landscape features and prey escape tactics. The Journal of Animal Ecology 78, 556-562. – reference: Eisner, T. & Aneshansley, D. J. (1999). Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, 9705-9709. – reference: Charnov, E. L. (1976). Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9 (129), 136. – reference: Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Mpongo, E. & Goodall, J. (1994). Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees. Behaviour 131, 1-18. – reference: Kauffman, M. J., Varley, N., Smith, D. W., Stahler, D. R., MacNulty, D. R. & Boyce, M. S. (2007). Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. Ecology Letters 10, 690-700. – reference: Berger-Tal, O., Mukherjee, S., Kotler, B. P. & Brown, J. S. (2010). Complex state-dependent game between owls and gerbils. Ecology Letters 13, 302-310. – reference: Agrawal, A. A. (2001). Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species. Science 294, 321-326. – reference: Gomes, C. M. & Boesch, C. (2009). Wild chimpanzees exchange meat for sex on a long- term basis. PLoS ONE 4 (4), e5116 (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005116). – reference: Swaffer, S. M. & O'Brien, W. J. (1996). Spines of Daphnia lumholtzi create feeding difficulties for juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Journal of Plankton Research 18, 1055-1061. – reference: Edmunds, M. (1974). Defense in Animals: A Survey of Anti-Predator Defenses. Longman, Harlow. – reference: Vermeij, G. J. (1994). The evolutionary interaction among species: selection, escalation and coevolution. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 25, 219-236. – reference: Brown, J. S. (1992). Patch use under predation risk. I. Models and predictions. Annales Zoologici Fennici 29, 301-309. – reference: Manly, B. F. J., McDonald, L. L., Thomas, D. L., McDonald, T. L. & Erickson, W. P. (2002). Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Analysis and Design for Field Studies. Second Edition. Kluwer, Massachusetts. – reference: Warham, J. (1977). The incidence, function and ecological significance of petrel stomach oils. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 24, 84-93. – reference: Cresswell, W. (1994). Age-dependent choice of redshank (Tringa totanus) feeding location: profitability or risk? The Journal of Animal Ecology 63, 589-600. – reference: Magnhagen, C. (1991). Predation risk as a cost of reproduction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, 183-186. – reference: Auffenberg, W. (1981). Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor. University Press Florida, Gainesville. – reference: Wilson, D. S., Clark, A. B., Coleman, K. & Dearstyne, T. (1994). Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9, 442-446. – reference: MacNulty, D. R., Smith, D. W., Mech, L. D. & Eberly, L. E. (2009). Body size and predatory performance in wolves: is bigger better? The Journal of Animal Ecology 78, 532-539. – reference: Riechert, S. E. & Hedrick, A. V. (1993). A test for correlations among fitness-linked behavioural traits in the spider Agelenopsisaperta (Aranear, Agelenidae). Animal Behaviour 46, 669-675. – reference: Makacha, S. & Schaller, G. B. (1969). Observations on lions in the Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania. East African Wildlife Journal 7, 99-103. – reference: Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. – reference: Lima, S. L. & Dill, L. M. (1990). Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, 619-640. – reference: Preisser, E., Bolnick, D. I. & Benard, M. F. (2005). Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions. Ecology 86, 501-509. – reference: Wirsing, A., Cameron, K. & Heithaus, M. R. (2010). Spatial responses to predators vary with prey escape mode. Animal Behavior 79, 531-537. – reference: Boesch, C. (1994). Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 48, 653-667. – reference: Hopcraft, J. G. C., Sinclair, A. R. E. & Packer, C. (2005). Planning for success: Serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance. The Journal of Animal Ecology 74, 559-566. – reference: Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (2002). The African Wild dog: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation. Princeton University Press, Princerton. – reference: Kardong, K. V. (1986). Predatory strike behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Comparative Psychology 100, 304-313. – reference: Clark, C. W. (1994). Antipredator behavior and the asset-protection principle. Behavioral Ecology 5, 159-170. – reference: Berger, J. (1979). Predator harassment as a defense strategy in ungulates. American Midland Naturalist 102, 197-199. – reference: Tricas, T. C. & McCosker, J. E. (1985). Predatory behavior of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), with notes on its biology. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 43, 221-238. – reference: Berger-Tal, O., Mukherjee, S., Kotler, B. P. & Brown, J. S. (2009). Look before you leap: is risk of injury a foraging cost? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63, 1821-1827. – reference: Loveridge, A. J., Hunt, J. E., Murindagomo, F. & Macdonald, D. W. (2006). Influence of drought on predation of elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves by lions (Panthera leo) in an African wooded savannah. Journal of Zoology 270, 523-530. – reference: Pearlman, Y. & Tsurim, I. (2008). Daring, risk assessment and body condition interactions in steppe buzzards Buteobuteo vulpinus. Journal of Avian Biology 39, 226-228. – reference: Maupin, J. L. & Riechert, S. E. (2001). Superfluous killing in spiders: a consequence of adaptation to food-limited environments? Behavioral Ecology 12, 569-576. – reference: Lea, A. J. & Blumstein, L. (2011). Age and sex influence marmot antipredator behavior during periods of heightened risk. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, 1525-1533. – reference: Hebblewhite, M., Merrill, E. H. & McDonald, T. L. (2005). Spatial decomposition of predation risk using resource selection functions: an example in a wolf-elk predator-prey system. Oikos 111, 101-111. – reference: Packer, C., Scheel, D. & Pusey, A. E. (1990). Why lions form groups: food is not enough? The American Naturalist 136, 1-19. – reference: Congi, R., Fritus, A. V. L. & Filho, B. F. A. (2002). Influence of prey size on predation success by Zelus longipes L. (Het., Reduviidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 126, 74-78. – reference: Bell, A. & Sih, A. (2007). Exposure to predation generates personality in three spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ecology Letters 10, 828-834. – reference: Corbett, J. (1946). Man-Eaters of Kumaon. Oxford University Press, London. – reference: Hayward, M. W., Henschel, P., O'Brien, J., Hofmeyr, M., Balme, G. & Kerley, G. I. H. (2006). Prey preferences of the leopard (Pantherapardus). Journal of Zoology 270, 298-313. – reference: Scheel, D. (1993). Profitability, encounter rates, and prey choice of African lions. Behavioral Ecology 4, 90-97. – reference: Pellis, S. M. & Officer, R. C. E. (1987). An analysis of some predatory behavior patterns in four species of carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae), with comparative notes on the Eutherian cat Felis catus. Ethology 75, 177-196. – reference: Donadio, E. & Buskirk, S. W. (2006). Diet, morphology and interspecific killing in carnivore. The American Naturalist 167, 524-536. – reference: Quick, H. F. (1953). The occurrence of porcupine quills in carnivorous mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 34, 256-259. – reference: Braithwaite, L. F., Stone, B. & Bingham, B. L. (2010). Defensive behaviors of gastropod Amphissa columbiana. Journal of Shellfish Research 29, 217-222. – reference: Garner, G. W. & Morrison, J. A. (1980). Observations of interspecific behavior between predators and white-tailed deer in southwestern Oklahoma. Journal of Mammalogy 61, 126-130. – reference: Gilby, I. C. & Wrangham, R. W. (2007). Risk-prone hunting by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) increases during periods of high diet quality. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61, 1771-1779. – reference: Schoener, T. W. (1971). Theory of feeding strategies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2, 369-404. – reference: Gibson, M. J., Gibson, D. C. & Bardelmeier, D. G. (1998). Prey conquers predator: a case study - barred owl dies from rodent-inflicted wound. Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation 21, 19-21. – reference: Mao, J. S., Boyce, M. S., Smith, D. W., Singer, F. J., Vales, D. J., Vore, J. M. & Merrill, E. H. (2005). Habitat selection by elk before and after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. The Journal of Wildlife Management 69, 1691-1707. – reference: Mitchell, B. L., Shenton, J. B. & Uys, J. C. M. (1965). Predation on large mammals in the Kafue National Park, Zambia. Zoologica Africana 1, 297-318. – reference: Murza, G. L., Bortolotti, G. R. & Dawson, R. D. (2000). Handicapped American kestrels: needy or prudent foragers. Journal of Raptor Research 34, 137-142. – reference: Mangani, B. (1962). Buffalo kills lion. African Wildlife 16, 27. – reference: Ono, M., Igarashu, T., Ohno, E. & Sasaki, M. (1995). Unusual thermal defense by a honeybee against mass attack by hornets. Nature 377, 334-336. – reference: Heithaus, M. R., Frid, A., Wirsing, A. J. & Worm, B. (2008). Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 202-210. – reference: Stephens, D. W. & Krebs, J. R. (1986). Foraging Theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton. – reference: Walsh, M. T., Beusse, D., Bossart, G. D., Young, W. G., Odell, D. K. & Patton, G. W. (1988). Ray encounters as a mortality factor in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Marine Mammal Science 4, 154-162. – reference: Brodie, E. D. III & Brodie, E. D. Jr. (1999). Predator-prey arms races: asymmetrical selection on predators and prey may be reduced when prey are dangerous. Bioscience 49, 557-568. – reference: McComb, K., Packer, C. & Pusey, A. (1994). Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo. Animal Behaviour 47, 379-387. – reference: Heithaus, M. R., Frid, A., Wirsing, A. J., Dill, L. M., Fourqurean, J., Burkholder, D., Thompson, J. & Bejder, L. (2007). State-dependent risk-taking by green sea turtles mediates top-down effects of tiger shark intimidation in a marine ecosystem. The Journal of Animal Ecology 76, 837-844. – reference: Werner, E. E. & Peacor, S. D. (2003). A review of trait-mediated indirect interactions in ecological communities. Ecology 84, 1083-1100. – reference: McLellan, W. A., Thayer, V. G. & Pabst, D. A. (1996). Stingray spine mortality in a bottle nose dolphin, Tursiops truncates, from North Carolina waters. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 112, 98-101. – reference: Dickson, B. G., Jenness, J. S. & Beier, P. (2004). Influence of vegetation, topography, and roads on cougar movement in Southern California. The Journal of Wildlife Management 69, 264-276. – reference: Sih, A., Bell, A. & Johnson, J. C. (2004). Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19, 372-378. – reference: Ackermann, J. & Redig, P. (1997). Surgical repair of elbow luxation in raptors. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 11, 247-254. – reference: McNamara, J. M. & Houston, A. I. (1987). Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology 68, 1515-1519. – reference: Van Valkenburg, B. & Hertel, F. (1993). Tough times at La Brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late Pleistocene. Science 261, 456-459. – reference: Martin, R. A., Hammerschlag, N., Collier, R. S. & Fallows, C. (2005). Predatory behaviour of white shakrs (Carcharodon carcharias) at Seal Island, South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 1121-1135. – reference: Reale, D., Reader, S. M., Sol, D., McDougall, P. T. & Dingemanse, N. J. (2007). Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biological Reviews 82, 291-318. – reference: Rowe, A. H. & Rowe, M. P. (2006). Risk assessment by grasshopper mice (Onychomys spp.) feeding on neurotoxic prey (Centruroides spp.). Animal Behaviour 71, 725-734. – reference: Creel, S. & Creel, N. M. (1995). Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus. Animal Behaviour 50, 1325-1339. – reference: Van Valkenburg, B. (2009). Costs of carnivory: tooth fracture in Pleistocene and recent carnivorans. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96, 68-81. – reference: Shine, R., Harlow, P. S., Keogh, J. S. & Boeadi (1998). The influence of body size on the food habits of a giant tropical snake, Python reticularis. Functional Ecology 12, 248-258. – reference: Grinnell, J., Packer, C. & Pusey, A. E. (1995). Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or mutualism? Animal Behaviour 49, 95-105. – reference: Holling, C. S. (1959). Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. The Canadian Entomologist 91, 385-398. – reference: Ruxton, G. D., Speed, M. P. & Kelly, D. J. (2004). What, if anything, is the adaptive function of countershading? Animal Behaviour 68, 445-451. – reference: Barr, A. D., Wieburg, S. A. & Kardong, K. V. (1988). The predatory strike behavior of the mamushi (Agkistrodon b. blomhoffii) and the Malay Pitviper (Calloselasma rhodostoma). Japanese Journal of Herpetology 12, 135-138. – reference: Juanes, F. & Hartwick, E. B. (1990). Prey selection in dungeness crabs: the effect of claw damage. Ecology 71, 744-758. – reference: Lima, S. L. (1998). Stress and decision making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives. Advances in the Study of Behavior 27, 215-290. – reference: Dietl, G. P. (2003). Interaction strength between a predator and dangerous prey: Sinistrofulgur predation on Mercenaria. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 289, 287-301. – reference: Bedrosian, B. E. & St. Pierre, A. M. (2007). Frequency of injuries in three raptor species wintering in northern Arkansas. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119, 296-298. – reference: Godin, J. J. & Smith, S. A. (1988). A fitness cost of foraging in the guppy. Nature 333, 69-71. – reference: Brown, J. S., Laundre, J. W. & Gurung, M. (1999). The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions. Journal of Mammalogy 80, 385-399. – reference: Wall, M. & Shine, R. (2007). Dangerous food: lacking venom and constriction, how do snake-like lizards (Lialisburtonis, Pygopodidae) subdue their lizard prey? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91, 719-727. – reference: Eisner, T., Baldwin, I. T. & Conner, J. (1993). Circumvention of prey defense by a predator: ant lion vs ant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, 6716-6720. – reference: Greene, J. (1967). The distribution and variation of Daphnia Zumholtzi (Crustacea: Cladocera) in relation to fish predation in Lake Albert, East Africa. Journal of Zoology 151, 181-197. – reference: Brown, J. S. & Kotler, B. P. (2004). Hazardous duty pay and the foraging cost of predation. Ecology Letters 7, 999-1014. – reference: Sih, A. & Christensen, B. (2001). Optimal diet theory: when does it work, and when and why does it fail? Animal Behaviour 61, 379-390. – reference: Cresswell, W. & Quinn, J. L. (2004). Faced with a choice, sparrowhawks more often attack the more vulnerable prey group. Oikos 104, 71-76. – reference: Kotler, B. P., Gross, J. E. & Mitchell, W. A. (1994). Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian ibex. The Journal of Wildlife Management 58, 299-307. – reference: Frid, A., Burns, J. & Baker, G. G. (2009). Predicting synergistic effects of resources and predators on foraging decisions by juvenile steller sea lions. Oecologia 158, 775-786. – reference: Duignan, P. J., Hunter, J. E. B., Visser, I. N., Jones, G. W. & Nutman, A. (2000). Stingray spines: a potential cause of killer whale mortality in New Zealand. Aquatic Mammals 26, 143-147. – reference: Holt, D. W. & Layne, E. A. (2008). Eye injuries in long-eared owls (Asiootus): prevalence and survival. Journal of Raptor Research 42, 243-247. – reference: Dejean, A. & Lachaud, J. (2011). The hunting behavior of the African ponerine ant Pachycondyla pachyderma. Behavioral Processes 86, 169-173. – reference: Boyce, M. S. & McDonald, L. L. (1999). Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, 268-272. – reference: Olive, C. W. (1980). Foraging specialization in orb-weaving spiders. Ecology 61, 1133-1144. – reference: Roth, A. J., Jones, G. S. & French, T. W. (2002). Incidence of naturally-healed fractures in the pectoral bones of North American accipiters. Journal of Raptor Research 36, 229-230. – reference: Klimley, A. P. (1994). The predatory behavior of the white shark. American Scientist 52, 122-133. – reference: Packer, C. & Ruttam, L. (1988). The evolution of cooperative hunting. The American Naturalist 132, 159-198. – reference: Creel, S. & Christanson, D. (2008). Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 194-201. – volume: 74 start-page: 559 year: 2005 end-page: 566 article-title: Planning for success: Serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance publication-title: The Journal of Animal Ecology – volume: 2 start-page: 369 year: 1971 end-page: 404 article-title: Theory of feeding strategies publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics – year: 1981 – volume: 29 start-page: 301 year: 1992 end-page: 309 article-title: Patch use under predation risk. I. Models and predictions publication-title: Annales Zoologici Fennici – volume: 10 start-page: 690 year: 2007 end-page: 700 article-title: Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator–prey system publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 78 start-page: 556 year: 2009 end-page: 562 article-title: Towards a predictive framework for predator risk effects: the interaction of landscape features and prey escape tactics publication-title: The Journal of Animal Ecology – volume: 167 start-page: 524 year: 2006 end-page: 536 article-title: Diet, morphology and interspecific killing in carnivore publication-title: The American Naturalist – volume: 68 start-page: 619 year: 1990 end-page: 640 article-title: Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus publication-title: Canadian Journal of Zoology – volume: 4 start-page: e5116 issue: 4 year: 2009 article-title: Wild chimpanzees exchange meat for sex on a long‐ term basis publication-title: PLoS ONE – volume: 9 start-page: 136 issue: 129 year: 1976 article-title: Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem publication-title: Theoretical Population Biology – volume: 42 start-page: 243 year: 2008 end-page: 247 article-title: Eye injuries in long‐eared owls ( ): prevalence and survival publication-title: Journal of Raptor Research – volume: 242 start-page: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 15 article-title: Hunting rates and hunting success in the spotted hyena publication-title: Journal of Zoology – year: 1946 – volume: 91 start-page: 385 year: 1959 end-page: 398 article-title: Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism publication-title: The Canadian Entomologist – volume: 61 start-page: 1771 year: 2007 end-page: 1779 article-title: Risk‐prone hunting by chimpanzees ( ) increases during periods of high diet quality publication-title: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology – volume: 90 start-page: 6716 year: 1993 end-page: 6720 article-title: Circumvention of prey defense by a predator: ant lion vs ant publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – volume: 29 start-page: 217 year: 2010 end-page: 222 article-title: Defensive behaviors of gastropod publication-title: Journal of Shellfish Research – volume: 48 start-page: 653 year: 1994 end-page: 667 article-title: Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 61 start-page: 126 year: 1980 end-page: 130 article-title: Observations of interspecific behavior between predators and white‐tailed deer in southwestern Oklahoma publication-title: Journal of Mammalogy – volume: 34 start-page: 137 year: 2000 end-page: 142 article-title: Handicapped American kestrels: needy or prudent foragers publication-title: Journal of Raptor Research – year: 1986 – volume: 61 start-page: 1133 year: 1980 end-page: 1144 article-title: Foraging specialization in orb‐weaving spiders publication-title: Ecology – volume: 5 start-page: 159 year: 1994 end-page: 170 article-title: Antipredator behavior and the asset‐protection principle publication-title: Behavioral Ecology – volume: 61 start-page: 379 year: 2001 end-page: 390 article-title: Optimal diet theory: when does it work, and when and why does it fail? publication-title: Animal Behaviour – year: 1972 – volume: 13 start-page: 302 year: 2010 end-page: 310 article-title: Complex state‐dependent game between owls and gerbils publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 86 start-page: 169 year: 2011 end-page: 173 article-title: The hunting behavior of the African ponerine ant publication-title: Behavioral Processes – volume: 39 start-page: 226 year: 2008 end-page: 228 article-title: Daring, risk assessment and body condition interactions in steppe buzzards publication-title: Journal of Avian Biology – volume: 76 start-page: 837 year: 2007 end-page: 844 article-title: State‐dependent risk‐taking by green sea turtles mediates top‐down effects of tiger shark intimidation in a marine ecosystem publication-title: The Journal of Animal Ecology – volume: 111 start-page: 101 year: 2005 end-page: 111 article-title: Spatial decomposition of predation risk using resource selection functions: an example in a wolf‐elk predator–prey system publication-title: Oikos – volume: 136 start-page: 1 year: 1990 end-page: 19 article-title: Why lions form groups: food is not enough? publication-title: The American Naturalist – volume: 112 start-page: 98 year: 1996 end-page: 101 article-title: Stingray spine mortality in a bottle nose dolphin, , from North Carolina waters publication-title: The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society – volume: 7 start-page: 999 year: 2004 end-page: 1014 article-title: Hazardous duty pay and the foraging cost of predation publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 12 start-page: 135 year: 1988 end-page: 138 article-title: The predatory strike behavior of the mamushi ( ) and the Malay Pitviper ( ) publication-title: Japanese Journal of Herpetology – volume: 63 start-page: 1821 year: 2009 end-page: 1827 article-title: Look before you leap: is risk of injury a foraging cost? publication-title: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology – volume: 289 start-page: 287 year: 2003 end-page: 301 article-title: Interaction strength between a predator and dangerous prey: predation on publication-title: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology – volume: 84 start-page: 1083 year: 2003 end-page: 1100 article-title: A review of trait‐mediated indirect interactions in ecological communities publication-title: Ecology – volume: 16 start-page: 27 year: 1962 article-title: Buffalo kills lion publication-title: African Wildlife – volume: 79 start-page: 531 year: 2010 end-page: 537 article-title: Spatial responses to predators vary with prey escape mode publication-title: Animal Behavior – volume: 6 start-page: 183 year: 1991 end-page: 186 article-title: Predation risk as a cost of reproduction publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – volume: 7 start-page: 99 year: 1969 end-page: 103 article-title: Observations on lions in the Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania publication-title: East African Wildlife Journal – volume: 71 start-page: 725 year: 2006 end-page: 734 article-title: Risk assessment by grasshopper mice (Onychomys spp.) feeding on neurotoxic prey (Centruroides spp.) publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 75 start-page: 177 year: 1987 end-page: 196 article-title: An analysis of some predatory behavior patterns in four species of carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae), with comparative notes on the Eutherian cat publication-title: Ethology – volume: 261 start-page: 456 year: 1993 end-page: 459 article-title: Tough times at La Brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late Pleistocene publication-title: Science – volume: 46 start-page: 669 year: 1993 end-page: 675 article-title: A test for correlations among fitness‐linked behavioural traits in the spider (Aranear, Agelenidae) publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 4 start-page: 154 year: 1988 end-page: 162 article-title: Ray encounters as a mortality factor in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphins ( ) publication-title: Marine Mammal Science – volume: 96 start-page: 9705 year: 1999 end-page: 9709 article-title: Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – volume: 131 start-page: 1 year: 1994 end-page: 18 article-title: Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees publication-title: Behaviour – volume: 50 start-page: 1325 year: 1995 end-page: 1339 article-title: Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 26 start-page: 143 year: 2000 end-page: 147 article-title: Stingray spines: a potential cause of killer whale mortality in New Zealand publication-title: Aquatic Mammals – volume: 86 start-page: 501 year: 2005 end-page: 509 article-title: Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator–prey interactions publication-title: Ecology – year: 2002 – volume: 158 start-page: 775 year: 2009 end-page: 786 article-title: Predicting synergistic effects of resources and predators on foraging decisions by juvenile steller sea lions publication-title: Oecologia – volume: 23 start-page: 194 year: 2008 end-page: 201 article-title: Relationships between direct predation and risk effects publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – volume: 19 start-page: 372 year: 2004 end-page: 378 article-title: Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – volume: 85 start-page: 1121 year: 2005 end-page: 1135 article-title: Predatory behaviour of white shakrs ( ) at Seal Island, South Africa publication-title: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom – volume: 14 start-page: 268 year: 1999 end-page: 272 article-title: Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – start-page: 175 year: 1996 end-page: 191 – volume: 96 start-page: 68 year: 2009 end-page: 81 article-title: Costs of carnivory: tooth fracture in Pleistocene and recent carnivorans publication-title: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society – volume: 11 start-page: 247 year: 1997 end-page: 254 article-title: Surgical repair of elbow luxation in raptors publication-title: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery – volume: 333 start-page: 69 year: 1988 end-page: 71 article-title: A fitness cost of foraging in the guppy publication-title: Nature – volume: 126 start-page: 74 year: 2002 end-page: 78 article-title: Influence of prey size on predation success by L. (Het., Reduviidae) publication-title: Journal of Applied Entomology – volume: 270 start-page: 298 year: 2006 end-page: 313 article-title: Prey preferences of the leopard ( ) publication-title: Journal of Zoology – volume: 65 start-page: 1525 year: 2011 end-page: 1533 article-title: Age and sex influence marmot antipredator behavior during periods of heightened risk publication-title: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology – volume: 22 start-page: 37 year: 1988 end-page: 47 article-title: Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk, and competition publication-title: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology – volume: 270 start-page: 523 year: 2006 end-page: 530 article-title: Influence of drought on predation of elephant ( ) calves by lions ( ) in an African wooded savannah publication-title: Journal of Zoology – volume: 100 start-page: 304 year: 1986 end-page: 313 article-title: Predatory strike behavior of the rattlesnake, publication-title: Journal of Comparative Psychology – volume: 1 start-page: 297 year: 1965 end-page: 318 article-title: Predation on large mammals in the Kafue National Park, Zambia publication-title: Zoologica Africana – volume: 71 start-page: 744 year: 1990 end-page: 758 article-title: Prey selection in dungeness crabs: the effect of claw damage publication-title: Ecology – volume: 10 start-page: 828 year: 2007 end-page: 834 article-title: Exposure to predation generates personality in three spined sticklebacks ( ) publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 49 start-page: 557 year: 1999 end-page: 568 article-title: Predator–prey arms races: asymmetrical selection on predators and prey may be reduced when prey are dangerous publication-title: Bioscience – volume: 43 start-page: 221 year: 1985 end-page: 238 article-title: Predatory behavior of the white shark ( ), with notes on its biology publication-title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences – volume: 34 start-page: 256 year: 1953 end-page: 259 article-title: The occurrence of porcupine quills in carnivorous mammals publication-title: Journal of Mammalogy – volume: 9 start-page: 442 year: 1994 end-page: 446 article-title: Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – volume: 21 start-page: 19 year: 1998 end-page: 21 article-title: Prey conquers predator: a case study – barred owl dies from rodent‐inflicted wound publication-title: Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation – volume: 36 start-page: 229 year: 2002 end-page: 230 article-title: Incidence of naturally‐healed fractures in the pectoral bones of North American accipiters publication-title: Journal of Raptor Research – volume: 4 start-page: 697 year: 1991 end-page: 709 article-title: Group hunting behaviour of lions: a search for cooperation publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 119 start-page: 296 year: 2007 end-page: 298 article-title: Frequency of injuries in three raptor species wintering in northern Arkansas publication-title: Wilson Journal of Ornithology – volume: 68 start-page: 445 year: 2004 end-page: 451 article-title: What, if anything, is the adaptive function of countershading? publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 68 start-page: 1515 year: 1987 end-page: 1519 article-title: Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size publication-title: Ecology – volume: 12 start-page: 248 year: 1998 end-page: 258 article-title: The influence of body size on the food habits of a giant tropical snake, publication-title: Functional Ecology – volume: 25 start-page: 219 year: 1994 end-page: 236 article-title: The evolutionary interaction among species: selection, escalation and coevolution publication-title: Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics – volume: 82 start-page: 291 year: 2007 end-page: 318 article-title: Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution publication-title: Biological Reviews – volume: 63 start-page: 589 year: 1994 end-page: 600 article-title: Age‐dependent choice of redshank ( ) feeding location: profitability or risk? publication-title: The Journal of Animal Ecology – volume: 102 start-page: 197 year: 1979 end-page: 199 article-title: Predator harassment as a defense strategy in ungulates publication-title: American Midland Naturalist – volume: 27 start-page: 215 year: 1998 end-page: 290 article-title: Stress and decision making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives publication-title: Advances in the Study of Behavior – volume: 78 start-page: 532 year: 2009 end-page: 539 article-title: Body size and predatory performance in wolves: is bigger better? publication-title: The Journal of Animal Ecology – volume: 47 start-page: 379 year: 1994 end-page: 387 article-title: Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 52 start-page: 122 year: 1994 end-page: 133 article-title: The predatory behavior of the white shark publication-title: American Scientist – volume: 294 start-page: 321 year: 2001 end-page: 326 article-title: Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species publication-title: Science – volume: 58 start-page: 299 year: 1994 end-page: 307 article-title: Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian ibex publication-title: The Journal of Wildlife Management – volume: 24 start-page: 84 year: 1977 end-page: 93 article-title: The incidence, function and ecological significance of petrel stomach oils publication-title: Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society – volume: 104 start-page: 71 year: 2004 end-page: 76 article-title: Faced with a choice, sparrowhawks more often attack the more vulnerable prey group publication-title: Oikos – volume: 23 start-page: 202 year: 2008 end-page: 210 article-title: Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines publication-title: Trends in Ecology & Evolution – volume: 12 start-page: 569 year: 2001 end-page: 576 article-title: Superfluous killing in spiders: a consequence of adaptation to food‐limited environments? publication-title: Behavioral Ecology – volume: 7 start-page: 153 year: 2004 end-page: 163 article-title: Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait‐mediated indirect interactions publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 91 start-page: 719 year: 2007 end-page: 727 article-title: Dangerous food: lacking venom and constriction, how do snake‐like lizards ( , Pygopodidae) subdue their lizard prey? publication-title: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society – year: 1957 – volume: 69 start-page: 1691 year: 2005 end-page: 1707 article-title: Habitat selection by elk before and after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park publication-title: The Journal of Wildlife Management – volume: 132 start-page: 159 year: 1988 end-page: 198 article-title: The evolution of cooperative hunting publication-title: The American Naturalist – volume: 377 start-page: 334 year: 1995 end-page: 336 article-title: Unusual thermal defense by a honeybee against mass attack by hornets publication-title: Nature – volume: 151 start-page: 181 year: 1967 end-page: 197 article-title: The distribution and variation of (Crustacea: Cladocera) in relation to fish predation in Lake Albert, East Africa publication-title: Journal of Zoology – volume: 49 start-page: 95 year: 1995 end-page: 105 article-title: Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or mutualism? publication-title: Animal Behaviour – year: 1974 – volume: 4 start-page: 90 year: 1993 end-page: 97 article-title: Profitability, encounter rates, and prey choice of African lions publication-title: Behavioral Ecology – volume: 18 start-page: 1055 year: 1996 end-page: 1061 article-title: Spines of create feeding difficulties for juvenile bluegill sunfish publication-title: Journal of Plankton Research – volume: 2 start-page: 443 year: 2010 end-page: 493 article-title: Bioluminescence in the sea publication-title: Annual Review of Marine Science – volume: 69 start-page: 264 year: 2004 end-page: 276 article-title: Influence of vegetation, topography, and roads on cougar movement in Southern California publication-title: The Journal of Wildlife Management – volume: 80 start-page: 385 year: 1999 end-page: 399 article-title: The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions publication-title: Journal of Mammalogy – ident: e_1_2_9_3_1 doi: 10.1126/science.1060701 – ident: e_1_2_9_21_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00593.x – ident: e_1_2_9_25_1 doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80048-4 – volume: 43 start-page: 221 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_9_102_1 article-title: Predatory behavior of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), with notes on its biology publication-title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences – ident: e_1_2_9_89_1 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.003 – ident: e_1_2_9_17_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00661.x – ident: e_1_2_9_26_1 doi: 10.1515/9780691207001 – ident: e_1_2_9_83_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00652.x – ident: e_1_2_9_62_1 doi: 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60366-6 – ident: e_1_2_9_24_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.004 – ident: e_1_2_9_12_1 doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01593-1 – ident: e_1_2_9_38_1 doi: 10.2307/1379968 – ident: e_1_2_9_56_1 doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.100.3.304 – volume-title: Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Analysis and Design for Field Studies year: 2002 ident: e_1_2_9_69_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_105_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.001251 – ident: e_1_2_9_8_1 doi: 10.1007/s00265-009-0809-3 – ident: e_1_2_9_78_1 doi: 10.2307/1936833 – ident: e_1_2_9_104_1 doi: 10.1126/science.261.5120.456 – ident: e_1_2_9_9_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01447.x – ident: e_1_2_9_51_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02925.x – ident: e_1_2_9_94_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00560.x – volume: 18 start-page: 1055 year: 1996 ident: e_1_2_9_101_1 article-title: Spines of Daphnia lumholtzi create feeding difficulties for juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) publication-title: Journal of Plankton Research doi: 10.1093/plankt/18.6.1055 – volume: 26 start-page: 143 year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_9_33_1 article-title: Stingray spines: a potential cause of killer whale mortality in New Zealand publication-title: Aquatic Mammals – ident: e_1_2_9_103_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01108.x – ident: e_1_2_9_110_1 doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1 – ident: e_1_2_9_32_1 doi: 10.1086/501033 – volume-title: Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor year: 1981 ident: e_1_2_9_4_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_99_1 doi: 10.1163/156853994X00181 – ident: e_1_2_9_6_1 doi: 10.1676/05-124.1 – ident: e_1_2_9_44_1 doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80157-X – volume: 112 start-page: 98 year: 1996 ident: e_1_2_9_74_1 article-title: Stingray spine mortality in a bottle nose dolphin, Tursiops truncates, from North Carolina waters publication-title: The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society – ident: e_1_2_9_35_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705 – volume: 16 start-page: 27 year: 1962 ident: e_1_2_9_68_1 article-title: Buffalo kills lion publication-title: African Wildlife – ident: e_1_2_9_90_1 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.12.009 – ident: e_1_2_9_93_1 doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80907-8 – ident: e_1_2_9_29_1 doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.11.004 – ident: e_1_2_9_106_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00835.x – ident: e_1_2_9_20_1 doi: 10.1093/beheco/5.2.159 – ident: e_1_2_9_95_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.002101 – ident: e_1_2_9_71_1 doi: 10.1017/S002531540501218X – ident: e_1_2_9_15_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00395696 – volume: 9 start-page: 136 issue: 129 year: 1976 ident: e_1_2_9_19_1 article-title: Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem publication-title: Theoretical Population Biology – ident: e_1_2_9_54_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00955.x – ident: e_1_2_9_43_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb02872.x – ident: e_1_2_9_10_1 doi: 10.2307/2425087 – volume: 52 start-page: 122 year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_9_58_1 article-title: The predatory behavior of the white shark publication-title: American Scientist – ident: e_1_2_9_13_1 doi: 10.2983/035.029.0118 – ident: e_1_2_9_85_1 doi: 10.1093/jmammal/34.2.256a – ident: e_1_2_9_7_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01081.x – ident: e_1_2_9_30_1 doi: 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0264:IOVTAR>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_9_48_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01260.x – ident: e_1_2_9_67_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01198.x – volume: 36 start-page: 229 year: 2002 ident: e_1_2_9_88_1 article-title: Incidence of naturally‐healed fractures in the pectoral bones of North American accipiters publication-title: Journal of Raptor Research – ident: e_1_2_9_79_1 doi: 10.1038/377334a0 – ident: e_1_2_9_73_1 doi: 10.1006/anbe.1994.1052 – ident: e_1_2_9_64_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00181.x – volume-title: Man‐Eaters of Kumaon year: 1946 ident: e_1_2_9_22_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_27_1 doi: 10.2307/5225 – ident: e_1_2_9_46_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00139.x – ident: e_1_2_9_81_1 doi: 10.1086/285079 – ident: e_1_2_9_76_1 doi: 10.1080/00445096.1965.11447324 – volume: 24 start-page: 84 year: 1977 ident: e_1_2_9_108_1 article-title: The incidence, function and ecological significance of petrel stomach oils publication-title: Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society – ident: e_1_2_9_47_1 doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13858.x – volume: 11 start-page: 247 year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_9_2_1 article-title: Surgical repair of elbow luxation in raptors publication-title: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery – volume-title: Defense in Animals: A Survey of Anti‐Predator Defenses year: 1974 ident: e_1_2_9_34_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_75_1 doi: 10.2307/1939235 – volume: 29 start-page: 301 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_9_16_1 article-title: Patch use under predation risk. I. Models and predictions publication-title: Annales Zoologici Fennici – volume: 34 start-page: 137 year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_9_77_1 article-title: Handicapped American kestrels: needy or prudent foragers publication-title: Journal of Raptor Research – ident: e_1_2_9_5_1 doi: 10.5358/hsj1972.12.4_135 – volume: 21 start-page: 19 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_9_39_1 article-title: Prey conquers predator: a case study – barred owl dies from rodent‐inflicted wound publication-title: Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation – ident: e_1_2_9_41_1 doi: 10.1038/333069a0 – ident: e_1_2_9_107_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00195.x – ident: e_1_2_9_87_1 doi: 10.1006/anbe.1993.1243 – ident: e_1_2_9_49_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2008.01.003 – ident: e_1_2_9_18_1 doi: 10.2307/1383287 – ident: e_1_2_9_50_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01512.x – ident: e_1_2_9_82_1 doi: 10.1111/j.2008.0908-8857.04251.x – ident: e_1_2_9_36_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6716 – ident: e_1_2_9_55_1 doi: 10.2307/1940327 – ident: e_1_2_9_111_1 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.12.014 – ident: e_1_2_9_40_1 doi: 10.1007/s00265-007-0410-6 – ident: e_1_2_9_80_1 doi: 10.1086/284844 – ident: e_1_2_9_60_1 doi: 10.2307/3809395 – ident: e_1_2_9_92_1 doi: 10.1093/beheco/4.1.90 – ident: e_1_2_9_98_1 doi: 10.1006/anbe.2000.1592 – ident: e_1_2_9_84_1 doi: 10.1890/04-0719 – ident: e_1_2_9_53_1 doi: 10.3356/JRR-07-42.1 – volume-title: The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator‐Prey Relations year: 1972 ident: e_1_2_9_91_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_52_1 doi: 10.4039/Ent91385-7 – ident: e_1_2_9_66_1 doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90210-O – volume-title: Man‐Eaters of India year: 1957 ident: e_1_2_9_23_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_96_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00179.x – ident: e_1_2_9_61_1 doi: 10.1007/s00265-011-1162-x – ident: e_1_2_9_72_1 doi: 10.1093/beheco/12.5.569 – ident: e_1_2_9_70_1 doi: 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1691:HSBEBA]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_9_109_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1083:AROTII]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_9_14_1 doi: 10.2307/1313476 – ident: e_1_2_9_31_1 doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00047-9 – ident: e_1_2_9_65_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x – ident: e_1_2_9_11_1 doi: 10.1006/anbe.1994.1285 – ident: e_1_2_9_100_1 doi: 10.1086/284969 – ident: e_1_2_9_97_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009 – ident: e_1_2_9_37_1 doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1189-5 – ident: e_1_2_9_42_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005116 – ident: e_1_2_9_86_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x – ident: e_1_2_9_59_1 doi: 10.1016/B978-012415031-7/50017-3 – ident: e_1_2_9_45_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081028 – ident: e_1_2_9_28_1 doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12814.x – ident: e_1_2_9_63_1 doi: 10.1139/z90-092 – ident: e_1_2_9_57_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x |
| SSID | ssj0014663 |
| Score | 2.4873958 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | ABSTRACT
How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed... How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies. While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref wiley istex |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 550 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Ecology Ecosystem Food safety Forage Foraging behavior foraging behaviour Health risks Herbivory - physiology Meta-analysis Predation predator injury predator-prey interaction Predators Predatory Behavior - physiology Prey prey avoidance Relative abundance Risk risk of injury Risk taking |
| Title | Dangerous prey and daring predators: a review |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6TJVH5F-W/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbrv.12014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23331494 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1399557823 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1398434926 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1430846545 |
| Volume | 88 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bS91AEB5EKfjSatWaqiVKEV9yyGU2F_vU2_Eg1AdRjw_CspvdvFiinEtp_fXObC6oaCl9SkImsLOzszOzmfkG4KMoMSIzHwVGJYIClFQEOossPWaqECFZuIxrh3-cpKNzPL4UlwvwqauFafAh-gM31gy3X7OCKz19oOR68msQkfliLFDO1WKH6LSHjqINwHVRoysGtAajFlWIs3j6Lx_ZoiWe1t_POZqP_VZneIZv4KobcpNvcj2Yz_SgvHuC5vifPK3A69Yh9T83K2gVFmz9Fl41LSr_rEHwzRUG38yn_i1J3Ve18Y3iw0B-NhyyTw995TclMOtwPvx-9nUUtC0WghKLEIOURJgaJQwaUZE1U4iVtbHJMK90LCwFZBbRVNrkVZpjyfB1uTJxoktkHJlkAxbrm9pugi9EioqCt6gwmrwCXYQmDA25d0VW5TlWHhx0ky3LFn-c22D8lF0cQtxLx70Hez3pbQO68RzRvpNYT6Em15yllgk5PjmS4_Ts-GIkhnLswXYnUtkq6FRGXNLLUP6JB7v9a1It_l-iakvTyjQ5Mnpj-hcaTMKcMemEB--a5dIPKE6ShAJQGumBE_rLvMgvpxfu5v2_k27Bcuxac3Ay4jYsziZzu0MO0kx_cJpwD8izB4A |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3JbhNBEC2FRAguhJ2BAAMClMtYs1TPgsQBMMbZfIicOLemZ7rnEjSJvADJN-VX8k9U9SwiKCAuOXCyRy5Z5epa21WvAF6JAgMK84GnVSSoQImFlyeBocdEZcKnCJfw7PDOKB7u4eaBOFiCs3YWpsaH6C7c2DKsv2YD5wvpX6w8n37rBRS_sGmp3DIn36lgm73b6NPpvg7Dwafxx6HX7BTwCsx89GLiOdZKaNSiJPetEEtjQp1gWuahMFSBGERd5jot4xQLxmtLlQ6jvEAGTonoe6_BCm8QZ6T-_m4HVkUux-5to1f0SOuDBseI-4Y6Vi9EvxU-yB-XpbYXM2Ub6garcN4Kqe5wOewt5nmvOP0NP_J_keJtuNXk3O772kjuwJKp7sL1egvnyT3w-nb2-Wgxc49JsV1VaVcrvu_kZ823ErO3rnLrKZ_7sHclvD6A5eqoMo_AFSJGRfVpkOmcEp8887Xva8pgs6RMUywdWG9PVxYNxDpv-vgq21KLpC2ttB142ZEe17gilxG9sSrSUajpITfiJUJORp_lJB5v7g_FQE4cWGt1SDY-aCYDnlrmbQWRAy-6j8l78F9CqjIkVqZJkQEq47_QYOSnDLsnHHhY62fHUBhFEdXYxOm61bI__xb5YXffvnn876TP4cZwvLMttzdGW0_gZmg3kXDv5Rosz6cL85TywXn-zJqhC1-uWmN_Aqy8Zpc |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VViAulFfBbQGDAPXiyI9ZP5A4ACGkLUSoapvelrV3fSlyozwK5S_xV_hRzKwfoqggLj1wSqyMosnsPDcz3wA8FQUGFOYDT6tIUIESCy9PAkOPicqETxEu4dnhD6N4eIA7R-JoCb63szA1PkR34caWYf01G_hEl78YeT497QUUvrDpqNw1Z1-oXpu93O7T4T4Lw8Hb_TdDr1kp4BWY-ejFxHKsldCoRUneWyGWxoQ6wbTMQ2GoADGIusx1WsYpFgzXliodRnmBjJsS0fdegRWM_Yz3RPT3Oqwq8jh2bRu9okdKHzQwRtw21LF6Lvit8Dl-vSizPZ8o20g3WIUfrYzqBpfj3mKe94pvv8FH_idCvAk3mozbfVWbyC1YMtVtuFrv4Dy7A17fTj6fLGbuhNTaVZV2teLbTn7WfCcxe-Eqt57xuQsHl8LrGixXJ5W5D64QMSqqToNM55T25JmvfV9T_polZZpi6cBWe7iyaADWec_HZ9kWWiRtaaXtwJOOdFKjilxE9NxqSEehpsfchpcIOR69k-N4f-dwKAZy7MBmq0Ky8UAzGfDMMu8qiBx43H1MvoP_EFKVIbEyTYoMTxn_hQYjP2XQPeHAvVo9O4bCKIqowiZOt6yS_fm3yNd7h_bN-r-TPoJrH_sD-X57tLsB10O7hoQbLzdheT5dmAeUDM7zh9YIXfh02Qr7E_biZUY |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dangerous+prey+and+daring+predators%3A+a+review&rft.jtitle=Biological+reviews+of+the+Cambridge+Philosophical+Society&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+Shomen&rft.au=Heithaus%2C+Michael+R&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.eissn=1469-185X&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=550&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fbrv.12014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23331494&rft.externalDocID=23331494 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1464-7931&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1464-7931&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1464-7931&client=summon |