The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve?
In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO 2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relations...
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| Published in | Energy policy Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 861 - 867 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2009
Elsevier Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Series | Energy Policy |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO
2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM
10 and SO
2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968–2003, and the panel data model covers 1992–2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO
2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO
2 and PM
10 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM10 and SO2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968-2003, and the panel data model covers 1992-2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO2 and PM10 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO 2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM 10 and SO 2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968–2003, and the panel data model covers 1992–2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO 2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO 2 and PM 10 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO"2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM"1"0 and SO"2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968-2003, and the panel data model covers 1992-2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO"2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO"2 and PM"1"0 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. All rights reserved, Elsevier In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO2 emissions and per capita income is examined by the help of a time series model using cointegration techniques. In the second stage, the relationship between income and air pollution is investigated by using PM10 and SO2 measurements in Turkish provinces. In this part of the study panel data estimation techniques are utilized. The time series model covers 1968-2003, and the panel data model covers 1992-2001 including observations from 58 provinces. A monotonically increasing relationship between CO2 and income is found in the long-run according to time series analysis. On the other hand, panel data analysis indicates an N-shape relationship for SO2 and PM10 emissions. Therefore, the results of our time series and panel data analyses do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income. |
| Author | Türüt-Aşık, Serap Tunç, G. İpek Akbostancı, Elif |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elif surname: AKBOSTANCI fullname: AKBOSTANCI, Elif organization: Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey – sequence: 2 givenname: Serap surname: TÜRÜT-ASIK fullname: TÜRÜT-ASIK, Serap organization: Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey – sequence: 3 givenname: G surname: IPEK TUNC fullname: IPEK TUNC, G organization: Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey |
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| Snippet | In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO
2... In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO2... In this study, we investigate the relationship between income and environmental quality for Turkey at two levels. First, the relationship between the CO"2... |
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| SubjectTerms | Air pollution Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Carbon emissions CO 2 emissions Cointegration Cointegration analysis Combustion and energy production Correlation analysis Economic data Economic models Emissions Energy Energy economics Environmental Kuznets curve Environmental Kuznets curve CO2 emissions Cointegration Environmental quality Exact sciences and technology General, economic and professional studies Income Methodology. Modelling Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Studies Time series Turkey |
| Title | The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve? |
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