Deep Learning Techniques for Automatic MRI Cardiac Multi-Structures Segmentation and Diagnosis: Is the Problem Solved?

• Published in: IEEE transactions on medical imaging Vol. 37; no. 11; pp. 2514 - 2525
• Main Authors: Bernard, Olivier, Lalande, Alain, Zotti, Clement, Cervenansky, Frederick, Yang, Xin, Heng, Pheng-Ann, Cetin, Irem, Lekadir, Karim, Camara, Oscar, Gonzalez Ballester, Miguel Angel, Sanroma, Gerard, Napel, Sandy, Petersen, Steffen, Tziritas, Georgios, Grinias, Elias, Khened, Mahendra, Kollerathu, Varghese Alex, Krishnamurthi, Ganapathy, Rohe, Marc-Michel, Pennec, Xavier, Sermesant, Maxime, Isensee, Fabian, Jager, Paul, Maier-Hein, Klaus H., Full, Peter M., Wolf, Ivo, Engelhardt, Sandy, Baumgartner, Christian F., Koch, Lisa M., Wolterink, Jelmer M., Isgum, Ivana, Jang, Yeonggul, Hong, Yoonmi, Patravali, Jay, Jain, Shubham, Humbert, Olivier, Jodoin, Pierre-Marc
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.11.2018; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE); Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Automation; Biomedical imaging; Cardiac Imaging Techniques - methods; Cardiac segmentation and diagnosis; Classification; Correlation analysis; Databases, Factual; Datasets; Deep Learning; Diagnosis; Female; Go/no-go discrimination learning; Heart; Heart - diagnostic imaging; Heart Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Humans; Identification methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; Image processing; Image segmentation; left and right ventricles; Life Sciences; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medical diagnosis; MRI; Myocardium; State of the art; Task analysis; Teaching methods; Ventricle; Deep learning; Myocardium; Cardiac segmentation and diagnosis; Lleft and right ventricles; MRI
• ISSN: 0278-0062; 1558-254X; 1558-254X
• DOI: 10.1109/TMI.2018.2837502

Delineation of the left ventricular cavity, myocardium, and right ventricle from cardiac magnetic resonance images (multi-slice 2-D cine MRI) is a common clinical task to establish diagnosis. The automation of the corresponding tasks has thus been the subject of intense research over the past decades. In this paper, we introduce the "Automatic Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge" dataset (ACDC), the largest publicly available and fully annotated dataset for the purpose of cardiac MRI (CMR) assessment. The dataset contains data from 150 multi-equipments CMRI recordings with reference measurements and classification from two medical experts. The overarching objective of this paper is to measure how far state-of-the-art deep learning methods can go at assessing CMRI, i.e., segmenting the myocardium and the two ventricles as well as classifying pathologies. In the wake of the 2017 MICCAI-ACDC challenge, we report results from deep learning methods provided by nine research groups for the segmentation task and four groups for the classification task. Results show that the best methods faithfully reproduce the expert analysis, leading to a mean value of 0.97 correlation score for the automatic extraction of clinical indices and an accuracy of 0.96 for automatic diagnosis. These results clearly open the door to highly accurate and fully automatic analysis of cardiac CMRI. We also identify scenarios for which deep learning methods are still failing. Both the dataset and detailed results are publicly available online, while the platform will remain open for new submissions.