Advances and obstacles of T cell-based immunotherapy in gynecological malignancies

T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematol...

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Published inMolecular cancer Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 207 - 25
Main Authors Zhao, Xi, Ran, Jialing, Li, Shenglong, Chen, Jinxin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 26.07.2025
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Abstract T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies.
AbstractList T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies.
T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies.T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies.
Abstract T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies. Graphic abstract
T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which involves genetically reprogramming T lymphocytes to recognize tumor-specific antigens, has shown clinical success in hematologic malignancies and is expanding its potential in solid tumors. Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial carcinomas, present persistent therapeutic challenges due to their aggressive recurrence patterns and limited responses to conventional therapies in advanced disease stages. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of CAR-T cell therapy advancements in gynecologic oncology, examining fundamental biological mechanisms of tumor-immune interactions, clinical progress in target antigen validation, and innovative approaches to counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Key challenges specific to these malignancies are discussed, such as molecular heterogeneity in endometrial tumors, ascites-mediated T-cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer (OC), and viral antigen dynamics in HPV- driven cervical carcinomas. Recent clinical evidence shows improved therapeutic outcomes through optimized CAR architectures and preconditioning regimens, with objective response rates demonstrating progressive enhancement across successive clinical trial generations. The discussion addresses ongoing limitations regarding treatment durability and manufacturing consistency while exploring emerging solutions such as synthetic biology approaches and multi-omics guided antigen selection. By integrating preclinical insights with translational clinical data, this work establishes a strategic framework for advancing adoptive T-cell therapies in gynecologic oncology, emphasizing the synergistic potential of combining CAR-T technology with personalized neoantigen vaccines and microenvironment-reprogramming agents. These collective advances underscore the transformative prospects of engineered T-cell immunotherapies while providing actionable strategies to overcome the unique biological barriers inherent to female reproductive tract malignancies. Graphic abstract Keywords: Immunotherapy, T cell, CAR-T cell therapy, Gynecological malignancies, Tumor microenvironment
ArticleNumber 207
Audience Academic
Author Zhao, Xi
Ran, Jialing
Chen, Jinxin
Li, Shenglong
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Issue 1
Keywords Gynecological malignancies
Tumor microenvironment
Immunotherapy
T cell
CAR-T cell therapy
Language English
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Snippet T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)...
Abstract T cell-mediated immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by enabling precision immune responses against malignant cells. Chimeric Antigen Receptor...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology
Cancer
CAR-T cell therapy
Cervical cancer
Development and progression
Female
Genital Neoplasms, Female - etiology
Genital Neoplasms, Female - immunology
Genital Neoplasms, Female - therapy
Gynecological malignancies
Health aspects
Humans
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Immunotherapy, Adoptive - adverse effects
Immunotherapy, Adoptive - methods
Ovarian cancer
Papillomavirus infections
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - immunology
Review
Sex discrimination against women
T cell
T cells
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Tumor antigens
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
Viral antigens
Title Advances and obstacles of T cell-based immunotherapy in gynecological malignancies
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40713697
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233998616
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12297529
https://doaj.org/article/dadf55aef6c74175b7d6ddf129f31a31
Volume 24
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