Natural regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in the tropics: prospects and challenges
A major global effort to enable cost-effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large-scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that fav...
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| Published in | Biotropica Vol. 48; no. 6; pp. 716 - 730 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2016
Wiley Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A major global effort to enable cost-effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large-scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large-scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non-forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self-organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large-scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land-use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost. |
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| AbstractList | A major global effort to enable cost‐effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large‐scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large‐scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non‐forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self‐organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large‐scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land‐use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost.
En el contexto de los ambiciosos objetivos a escala global de restauración forestal a escala de paisaje, es necesario implementar esfuerzos para que la regeneración natural del bosque se convierta en una opción costo‐eficiente. En este artículo discutimos los principales factores que favorecen los procesos de regeneración natural en paisajes tropicales deforestados. Ilustramos algunos casos en los que la regeneración natural sucedió a la deforestación a gran escala y describimos de igual forma alguno de los factores sociales y ecológicos que dieron pie a estas transiciones. Los procesos de auto‐organización ecológica que generan a los bosques regenerados naturalmente y los procesos de regeneración natural estimulados por los bosques plantados favorecen la adaptación genética local, la persistencia de especies nativas con usos tradicionales, generan heterogeneidad espacial y temporal, y mantienen la biodiversidad y las interacciones bióticas. Estas características en su conjunto le confieren a los ecosistemas regenerados naturalmente, resiliencia a futuras perturbaciones. También discutimos algunos aspectos de carácter económico, social y legal que impedirían que la regeneración natural pueda ser implementada de forma efectiva en un contexto tropical. Concluímos el artículo con una serie de sugerencias para promover la regeneración natural como una herramienta eficaz de restauración forestal a gran escala. Las principales prioridades de investigación y de aspectos de política incluyen: identificar y modelar las condiciones ecológicas y económicas donde la regeneración natural sería una opción viable y permanente de uso del suelo; el desarrollo de protocolos de monitoreo que puedan ser aplicados por comunidades locales; y el desarrollo de estructuras de incentivos y de gobernanza forestal que favorezca los procesos de regeneración natural como uso legítimo del suelo. El incluir y alinear a la regeneración natural con los objetivos y las prácticas de restauración forestal, en su sentido amplio, puede contribuir al logro de beneficios sociales y ambientales múltiples a un bajo costo.
Um esforço global para fomentar a regeneração natural de forma custo‐eficiente é necessário para alcançar objetivos ambiciosos de restauração florestal e da paisagem. Nós abordamos as condições que favorecem a regeneração florestal natural em paisagens tropicais, ilustrando casos de regeneração em larga escala após o desmatamento e usos do solo não‐florestais, e também descrevemos os fatores sociais e ecológicos que fomentaram estas transições florestais locais. Os processos de auto‐organização da regeneração natural que criam florestas e a regeneração em florestas plantadas promovem a adaptação genética local e o estabelecimento de espécies nativas utilizadas por populações tradicionais, criam heterogeneidade espacial e temporal e sustentam a biodiversidade e as interações bióticas locais. Estas características conferem maior resiliência ao ecossistema a distúrbios futuros. Discutimos os desafios econômicos, sociais e legais para a regeneração em larga escala nos trópicos. Concluímos com recomendações para que a regeneração seja uma ferramenta eficaz para implantar a restauração florestal em larga escala. As prioridades de pesquisa e políticas incluem: identificar e modelar as condições ecológicas e econômicas onde a regeneração natural é viável e favorável, desenvolver protocolos de monitoramento para a regeneração que podem ser executados por comunidades locais, desenvolver estruturas de incentivo e de governança e condições legais que promovam a gestão de florestas em regeneração. Alinhar os objetivos e as práticas de restauração com a regeneração natural permite maiores benefícios sociais e ambientais com o menor custo. A major global effort to enable cost‐effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large‐scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large‐scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non‐forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self‐organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large‐scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land‐use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost. Resumen En el contexto de los ambiciosos objetivos a escala global de restauración forestal a escala de paisaje, es necesario implementar esfuerzos para que la regeneración natural del bosque se convierta en una opción costo‐eficiente. En este artículo discutimos los principales factores que favorecen los procesos de regeneración natural en paisajes tropicales deforestados. Ilustramos algunos casos en los que la regeneración natural sucedió a la deforestación a gran escala y describimos de igual forma alguno de los factores sociales y ecológicos que dieron pie a estas transiciones. Los procesos de auto‐organización ecológica que generan a los bosques regenerados naturalmente y los procesos de regeneración natural estimulados por los bosques plantados favorecen la adaptación genética local, la persistencia de especies nativas con usos tradicionales, generan heterogeneidad espacial y temporal, y mantienen la biodiversidad y las interacciones bióticas. Estas características en su conjunto le confieren a los ecosistemas regenerados naturalmente, resiliencia a futuras perturbaciones. También discutimos algunos aspectos de carácter económico, social y legal que impedirían que la regeneración natural pueda ser implementada de forma efectiva en un contexto tropical. Concluímos el artículo con una serie de sugerencias para promover la regeneración natural como una herramienta eficaz de restauración forestal a gran escala. Las principales prioridades de investigación y de aspectos de política incluyen: identificar y modelar las condiciones ecológicas y económicas donde la regeneración natural sería una opción viable y permanente de uso del suelo; el desarrollo de protocolos de monitoreo que puedan ser aplicados por comunidades locales; y el desarrollo de estructuras de incentivos y de gobernanza forestal que favorezca los procesos de regeneración natural como uso legítimo del suelo. El incluir y alinear a la regeneración natural con los objetivos y las prácticas de restauración forestal, en su sentido amplio, puede contribuir al logro de beneficios sociales y ambientales múltiples a un bajo costo. SUMÁRIO Um esforço global para fomentar a regeneração natural de forma custo‐eficiente é necessário para alcançar objetivos ambiciosos de restauração florestal e da paisagem. Nós abordamos as condições que favorecem a regeneração florestal natural em paisagens tropicais, ilustrando casos de regeneração em larga escala após o desmatamento e usos do solo não‐florestais, e também descrevemos os fatores sociais e ecológicos que fomentaram estas transições florestais locais. Os processos de auto‐organização da regeneração natural que criam florestas e a regeneração em florestas plantadas promovem a adaptação genética local e o estabelecimento de espécies nativas utilizadas por populações tradicionais, criam heterogeneidade espacial e temporal e sustentam a biodiversidade e as interações bióticas locais. Estas características conferem maior resiliência ao ecossistema a distúrbios futuros. Discutimos os desafios econômicos, sociais e legais para a regeneração em larga escala nos trópicos. Concluímos com recomendações para que a regeneração seja uma ferramenta eficaz para implantar a restauração florestal em larga escala. As prioridades de pesquisa e políticas incluem: identificar e modelar as condições ecológicas e econômicas onde a regeneração natural é viável e favorável, desenvolver protocolos de monitoramento para a regeneração que podem ser executados por comunidades locais, desenvolver estruturas de incentivo e de governança e condições legais que promovam a gestão de florestas em regeneração. Alinhar os objetivos e as práticas de restauração com a regeneração natural permite maiores benefícios sociais e ambientais com o menor custo. A major global effort to enable cost effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost. Resumen En el contexto de los ambiciosos objetivos a escala global de restauracion forestal a escala de paisaje, es necesario implementar esfuerzos para que la regeneracion natural del bosque se convierta en una opcion costo eficiente. En este articulo discutimos los principales factores que favorecen los procesos de regeneracion natural en paisajes tropicales deforestados. Ilustramos algunos casos en los que la regeneracion natural sucedio a la deforestacion a gran escala y describimos de igual forma alguno de los factores sociales y ecologicos que dieron pie a estas transiciones. Los procesos de auto organizacion ecologica que generan a los bosques regenerados naturalmente y los procesos de regeneracion natural estimulados por los bosques plantados favorecen la adaptacion genetica local, la persistencia de especies nativas con usos tradicionales, generan heterogeneidad espacial y temporal, y mantienen la biodiversidad y las interacciones bioticas. Estas caracteristicas en su conjunto le confieren a los ecosistemas regenerados naturalmente, resiliencia a futuras perturbaciones. Tambien discutimos algunos aspectos de caracter economico, social y legal que impedirian que la regeneracion natural pueda ser implementada de forma efectiva en un contexto tropical. Concluimos el articulo con una serie de sugerencias para promover la regeneracion natural como una herramienta eficaz de restauracion forestal a gran escala. Las principales prioridades de investigacion y de aspectos de politica incluyen: identificar y modelar las condiciones ecologicas y economicas donde la regeneracion natural seria una opcion viable y permanente de uso del suelo; el desarrollo de protocolos de monitoreo que puedan ser aplicados por comunidades locales; y el desarrollo de estructuras de incentivos y de gobernanza forestal que favorezca los procesos de regeneracion natural como uso legitimo del suelo. El incluir y alinear a la regeneracion natural con los objetivos y las practicas de restauracion forestal, en su sentido amplio, puede contribuir al logro de beneficios sociales y ambientales multiples a un bajo costo. SUMÁRIO Um esforço global para fomentar a regeneração natural de forma custo eficiente e necessario para alcançar objetivos ambiciosos de restauração florestal e da paisagem. Nos abordamos as condições que favorecem a regeneração florestal natural em paisagens tropicais, ilustrando casos de regeneração em larga escala apos o desmatamento e usos do solo não florestais, e tambem descrevemos os fatores sociais e ecologicos que fomentaram estas transições florestais locais. Os processos de auto organização da regeneração natural que criam florestas e a regeneração em florestas plantadas promovem a adaptação genetica local e o estabelecimento de especies nativas utilizadas por populações tradicionais, criam heterogeneidade espacial e temporal e sustentam a biodiversidade e as interações bioticas locais. Estas caracteristicas conferem maior resiliência ao ecossistema a disturbios futuros. Discutimos os desafios econômicos, sociais e legais para a regeneração em larga escala nos tropicos. Concluimos com recomendações para que a regeneração seja uma ferramenta eficaz para implantar a restauração florestal em larga escala. As prioridades de pesquisa e politicas incluem: identificar e modelar as condições ecologicas e econômicas onde a regeneração natural e viavel e favoravel, desenvolver protocolos de monitoramento para a regeneração que podem ser executados por comunidades locais, desenvolver estruturas de incentivo e de governança e condições legais que promovam a gestão de florestas em regeneração. Alinhar os objetivos e as praticas de restauração com a regeneração natural permite maiores beneficios sociais e ambientais com o menor custo. A major global effort to enable cost‐effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large‐scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large‐scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non‐forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self‐organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large‐scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land‐use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost. A major global effort to enable cost-effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest regeneration can potentially play a major role in large-scale landscape restoration in tropical regions. Here, we focus on the conditions that favor natural regeneration within tropical forest landscapes. We illustrate cases where large-scale natural regeneration followed forest clearing and non-forest land use, and describe the social and ecological factors that drove these local forest transitions. The self-organizing processes that create naturally regenerating forests and natural regeneration in planted forests promote local genetic adaptation, foster native species with known traditional uses, create spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and sustain local biodiversity and biotic interactions. These features confer greater ecosystem resilience in the face of future shocks and disturbances. We discuss economic, social, and legal issues that challenge natural regeneration in tropical landscapes. We conclude by suggesting ways to enable natural regeneration to become an effective tool for implementing large-scale forest and landscape restoration. Major research and policy priorities include: identifying and modeling the ecological and economic conditions where natural regeneration is a viable and favorable land-use option, developing monitoring protocols for natural regeneration that can be carried out by local communities, and developing enabling incentives, governance structures, and regulatory conditions that promote the stewardship of naturally regenerating forests. Aligning restoration goals and practices with natural regeneration can achieve the best possible outcome for achieving multiple social and environmental benefits at minimal cost.Original Abstract: Resumen En el contexto de los ambiciosos objetivos a escala global de restauracion forestal a escala de paisaje, es necesario implementar esfuerzos para que la regeneracion natural del bosque se convierta en una opcion costo-eficiente. En este articulo discutimos los principales factores que favorecen los procesos de regeneracion natural en paisajes tropicales deforestados. Ilustramos algunos casos en los que la regeneracion natural sucedio a la deforestacion a gran escala y describimos de igual forma alguno de los factores sociales y ecologicos que dieron pie a estas transiciones. Los procesos de auto-organizacion ecologica que generan a los bosques regenerados naturalmente y los procesos de regeneracion natural estimulados por los bosques plantados favorecen la adaptacion genetica local, la persistencia de especies nativas con usos tradicionales, generan heterogeneidad espacial y temporal, y mantienen la biodiversidad y las interacciones bioticas. Estas caracteristicas en su conjunto le confieren a los ecosistemas regenerados naturalmente, resiliencia a futuras perturbaciones. Tambien discutimos algunos aspectos de caracter economico, social y legal que impedirian que la regeneracion natural pueda ser implementada de forma efectiva en un contexto tropical. Concluimos el articulo con una serie de sugerencias para promover la regeneracion natural como una herramienta eficaz de restauracion forestal a gran escala. Las principales prioridades de investigacion y de aspectos de politica incluyen: identificar y modelar las condiciones ecologicas y economicas donde la regeneracion natural seria una opcion viable y permanente de uso del suelo; el desarrollo de protocolos de monitoreo que puedan ser aplicados por comunidades locales; y el desarrollo de estructuras de incentivos y de gobernanza forestal que favorezca los procesos de regeneracion natural como uso legitimo del suelo. El incluir y alinear a la regeneracion natural con los objetivos y las practicas de restauracion forestal, en su sentido amplio, puede contribuir al logro de beneficios sociales y ambientales multiples a un bajo costo. |
| Author | Chazdon, Robin L. Guariguata, Manuel R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Robin L. surname: Chazdon fullname: Chazdon, Robin L. email: robin.chazdon@uconn.edu, robin.chazdon@uconn.edu organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, 06269-3043, Storrs, CT, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Manuel R. surname: Guariguata fullname: Guariguata, Manuel R. organization: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Av. La Molina 1895, La MolinaLima, Perú |
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| Snippet | A major global effort to enable cost-effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest... A major global effort to enable cost‐effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest... A major global effort to enable cost effective natural regeneration is needed to achieve ambitious forest and landscape restoration goals. Natural forest... |
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| SubjectTerms | biocenosis biodiversity cost effectiveness cost-effective restoration Deforestation dispersión de semillas dispersão de sementes ecological resilience Economic conditions Economics Ecosystem resilience ecosystem services environmental factors Environmental restoration forest clearing forest restoration governance Heterogeneity Indigenous species issues and policy Land use landscape management landscape restoration landscapes Local communities monitoring natural regeneration resilience resiliencia resiliência restauración costo-eficiente restauración del paisaje restauração custo-efetiva restauração de paisagem secondary succession SECTION I. WHY REFOREST? THE SCALE OF THE CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY seed dispersal servicios ecosistémicos serviços ecossistêmicos sucesión secundaria sucessão secundária Tropical environments Tropical forests tropics |
| Title | Natural regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in the tropics: prospects and challenges |
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