Crack widths in base restrained walls subjected to restraint loading
•An FE-model for analyzing cracking in base restrained walls is developed.•The model is verified by comparing with previously performed full scale tests.•The model can be used to investigate crack widths due to restraint effects. Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability...
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Published in | Engineering structures Vol. 189; pp. 272 - 285 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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15.06.2019
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Abstract | •An FE-model for analyzing cracking in base restrained walls is developed.•The model is verified by comparing with previously performed full scale tests.•The model can be used to investigate crack widths due to restraint effects.
Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before construction, and to use suitable reinforcement amounts to limit crack widths. Crack widths are however hard to predict in restrained structures, as cracking reduces the stiffness, which in turn reduces the restraint and thereby the amount of cracking. In this paper, nonlinear finite element analyses of cracking are performed on base restrained walls mainly subjected to shrinkage. A non-linear material model for concrete and a bond-slip relation for concrete – reinforcement interaction are used. The model does not include the hardening process of concrete but instead applies the load effects on mature concrete, and is validated by comparisons with test results from full scale tests performed in previous research. Additionally, a sensitivity study is made to investigate the influence of certain parameters on crack widths and crack patterns. The intention is to use the model in the development of a model to be used in design of concrete structures which takes restraint effects into account in an improved, yet a simplified way. The results show that the model gives realistic crack patterns, but that it tends to overestimate crack widths and the number of cracks obtained. Therefore, the model is considered to be acceptable. |
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AbstractList | Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before construction, and to use suitable reinforcement amounts to limit crack widths. Crack widths are however hard to predict in restrained structures, as cracking reduces the stiffness, which in turn reduces the restraint and thereby the amount of cracking. In this paper, nonlinear finite element analyses of cracking are performed on base restrained walls mainly subjected to shrinkage. A non-linear material model for concrete and a bond-slip relation for concrete – reinforcement interaction are used. The model does not include the hardening process of concrete but instead applies the load effects on mature concrete, and is validated by comparisons with test results from full scale tests performed in previous research. Additionally, a sensitivity study is made to investigate the influence of certain parameters on crack widths and crack patterns. The intention is to use the model in the development of a model to be used in design of concrete structures which takes restraint effects into account in an improved, yet a simplified way. The results show that the model gives realistic crack patterns, but that it tends to overestimate crack widths and the number of cracks obtained. Therefore, the model is considered to be acceptable. •An FE-model for analyzing cracking in base restrained walls is developed.•The model is verified by comparing with previously performed full scale tests.•The model can be used to investigate crack widths due to restraint effects. Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before construction, and to use suitable reinforcement amounts to limit crack widths. Crack widths are however hard to predict in restrained structures, as cracking reduces the stiffness, which in turn reduces the restraint and thereby the amount of cracking. In this paper, nonlinear finite element analyses of cracking are performed on base restrained walls mainly subjected to shrinkage. A non-linear material model for concrete and a bond-slip relation for concrete – reinforcement interaction are used. The model does not include the hardening process of concrete but instead applies the load effects on mature concrete, and is validated by comparisons with test results from full scale tests performed in previous research. Additionally, a sensitivity study is made to investigate the influence of certain parameters on crack widths and crack patterns. The intention is to use the model in the development of a model to be used in design of concrete structures which takes restraint effects into account in an improved, yet a simplified way. The results show that the model gives realistic crack patterns, but that it tends to overestimate crack widths and the number of cracks obtained. Therefore, the model is considered to be acceptable. |
Author | Johansson, Morgan Gottsäter, Erik Larsson Ivanov, Oskar Plos, Mario |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Erik surname: Gottsäter fullname: Gottsäter, Erik email: erik.gottsater@kstr.lth.se organization: Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Morgan surname: Johansson fullname: Johansson, Morgan organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Mario orcidid: 0000-0002-2772-9120 surname: Plos fullname: Plos, Mario organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Oskar orcidid: 0000-0002-2772-5832 surname: Larsson Ivanov fullname: Larsson Ivanov, Oskar organization: Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.088 10.1002/suco.201400058 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.003 10.1617/s11527-012-9821-6 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.004 10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.035 10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.009 |
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Keywords | Concrete Bond-slip Restraint loading Nonlinear FE-modeling Crack widths Base restrained walls |
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Snippet | •An FE-model for analyzing cracking in base restrained walls is developed.•The model is verified by comparing with previously performed full scale tests.•The... Cracks in concrete structures can have a negative impact on durability and aesthetic appearance. It is therefore important to estimate crack widths before... |
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SubjectTerms | Base restrained walls Bond-slip Building Technologies Civil Engineering Concrete Concrete structures Constraints Crack widths Cracks Durability Engineering and Technology Finite element method Full scale tests Husbyggnad Motivation Nonlinear analysis Nonlinear FE-modeling Parameter sensitivity Reinforcement Restraint loading Samhällsbyggnadsteknik Shrinkage Stiffness Teknik Walls |
Title | Crack widths in base restrained walls subjected to restraint loading |
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