Investigation of an Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate-Iron (II) Chloride Electrochromic Liquid

Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid ele...

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Published inMicromachines (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 1345
Main Authors Kong, Sifan, Zhang, Guanguang, Li, Muyun, Yao, Rihui, Guo, Chenxiao, Ning, Honglong, Zhang, Jianzhi, Tao, Ruiqiang, Yan, Haoyang, Lu, Xubing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Ammonium chloride
ammonium metatungstate
Chloride
Chlorides
current density
Design and construction
Efficiency
Electric properties
Electrochromic cells
Electrochromism
Electrodes
Energy consumption
Experiments
Ferric chloride
Glass substrates
Green buildings
Indium tin oxides
Iron
iron (II) chloride
lifetime
Microelectromechanical systems
Multilayers
no-film device
Production costs
Response time
Tungsten compounds
China
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Abstract Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid electrochromic sheets in this work. In this device, the electrolyte layer is also avoided. The device uses an electrochromic solution prepared from a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride solution as a functional layer with reversible redox properties. The tungstate ions on the electrode surface are reduced when the device is colored, and the Fe2+ on the electrode surface is oxidized on another electrode surface. The generated Fe3+ in the mixed functional layer oxidizes the previously reduced tungstate ions as the device fades. We determined the ΔT (transmittance modulation) and response time among ammonium metatungstate ratios, iron (II) chloride ratios, and driven current density using DOE (design of experiment) trials. Using 0.175 mol/L ammonium metatungstate and 0.30 mol/L iron (II) chloride, a device with outstanding ΔT (more than 57% at 700 nm), a short response time (less than 10 s), and high coloring efficiency (160.04 cm2/C at 700 nm) is demonstrated.
AbstractList Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid electrochromic sheets in this work. In this device, the electrolyte layer is also avoided. The device uses an electrochromic solution prepared from a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride solution as a functional layer with reversible redox properties. The tungstate ions on the electrode surface are reduced when the device is colored, and the Fe2+ on the electrode surface is oxidized on another electrode surface. The generated Fe3+ in the mixed functional layer oxidizes the previously reduced tungstate ions as the device fades. We determined the ΔT (transmittance modulation) and response time among ammonium metatungstate ratios, iron (II) chloride ratios, and driven current density using DOE (design of experiment) trials. Using 0.175 mol/L ammonium metatungstate and 0.30 mol/L iron (II) chloride, a device with outstanding ΔT (more than 57% at 700 nm), a short response time (less than 10 s), and high coloring efficiency (160.04 cm2/C at 700 nm) is demonstrated.
Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid electrochromic sheets in this work. In this device, the electrolyte layer is also avoided. The device uses an electrochromic solution prepared from a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride solution as a functional layer with reversible redox properties. The tungstate ions on the electrode surface are reduced when the device is colored, and the Fe[sup.2+] on the electrode surface is oxidized on another electrode surface. The generated Fe[sup.3+] in the mixed functional layer oxidizes the previously reduced tungstate ions as the device fades. We determined the ΔT (transmittance modulation) and response time among ammonium metatungstate ratios, iron (II) chloride ratios, and driven current density using DOE (design of experiment) trials. Using 0.175 mol/L ammonium metatungstate and 0.30 mol/L iron (II) chloride, a device with outstanding ΔT (more than 57% at 700 nm), a short response time (less than 10 s), and high coloring efficiency (160.04 cm[sup.2] /C at 700 nm) is demonstrated.
Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid electrochromic sheets in this work. In this device, the electrolyte layer is also avoided. The device uses an electrochromic solution prepared from a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride solution as a functional layer with reversible redox properties. The tungstate ions on the electrode surface are reduced when the device is colored, and the Fe 2+ on the electrode surface is oxidized on another electrode surface. The generated Fe 3+ in the mixed functional layer oxidizes the previously reduced tungstate ions as the device fades. We determined the ΔT (transmittance modulation) and response time among ammonium metatungstate ratios, iron (II) chloride ratios, and driven current density using DOE (design of experiment) trials. Using 0.175 mol/L ammonium metatungstate and 0.30 mol/L iron (II) chloride, a device with outstanding ΔT (more than 57% at 700 nm), a short response time (less than 10 s), and high coloring efficiency (160.04 cm 2 /C at 700 nm) is demonstrated.
Audience Academic
Author Yao, Rihui
Yan, Haoyang
Lu, Xubing
Li, Muyun
Kong, Sifan
Guo, Chenxiao
Tao, Ruiqiang
Ning, Honglong
Zhang, Guanguang
Zhang, Jianzhi
AuthorAffiliation 1 School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
2 Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
4 Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
3 School of Physics & Photoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
– name: 4 Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
– name: 1 School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
– name: 3 School of Physics & Photoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Snippet Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short...
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StartPage 1345
SubjectTerms Ammonium chloride
ammonium metatungstate
Chloride
Chlorides
current density
Design and construction
Efficiency
Electric properties
Electrochromic cells
Electrochromism
Electrodes
Energy consumption
Experiments
Ferric chloride
Glass substrates
Green buildings
Indium tin oxides
Iron
iron (II) chloride
lifetime
Microelectromechanical systems
Multilayers
no-film device
Production costs
Response time
Tungsten compounds
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Title Investigation of an Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate-Iron (II) Chloride Electrochromic Liquid
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https://search.proquest.com/docview/2707837085
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9460927
https://doaj.org/article/b42267f82bc24182b39f352cabd039ae
Volume 13
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