High Dose of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Does Not Adversely Affect Sprint Interval Training, Cognitive Performance and Heart Rate Variability in Males and Females
Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of norm...
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Published in | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 11; no. 10; p. 1463 |
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Abstract | Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of normobaric hypoxia on SIT performance as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance (CP) in amateur-trained team sport players by comparing potential sex differences. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 26 (13 females) amateur team-sport (football, basketball, handball, rugby) players completed acute SIT (6 × 15 s all-out sprints, separated with 2 min active recovery, against a load equivalent to 9% of body weight) on a cycle ergometer, in one of four conditions: (I) normoxia without a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (CON); (II) normoxia with a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (NOR); (III) moderate hypoxia (FiO2: 15.4%) with mask (MHYP); and (IV) high hypoxia (FiO2: 13.4%) with mask (HHYP). Peak (PPO) and mean power output (MPO), HRV, heart rate (HR), CP, capillary lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) pre- and post-SIT were compared between CON, NOR, MHYP and HHYP. There were no significant differences found between trials for PPO (p = 0.55), MPO (p = 0.44), RPE (p = 0.39), HR (p = 0.49), HRV (p > 0.05) and CP (response accuracy: p = 0.92; reaction time: p = 0.24). The changes in MP, PP, RPE, HR, CP and HRV were similar between men and women (all p > 0.05). While BLa was similar (p = 0.10) between MHYP and HHYP trials, it was greater compared to CON (p = 0.01) and NOR (p = 0.01), without a sex-effect. In conclusion, compared to normoxia, hypoxia, and wearing a mask, have no effect on SIT acute responses (other than lactate), including PP, MP, RPE, CP, HR, and cardiac autonomic modulation either in men or women. |
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AbstractList | Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of normobaric hypoxia on SIT performance as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance (CP) in amateur-trained team sport players by comparing potential sex differences. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 26 (13 females) amateur team-sport (football, basketball, handball, rugby) players completed acute SIT (6 × 15 s all-out sprints, separated with 2 min active recovery, against a load equivalent to 9% of body weight) on a cycle ergometer, in one of four conditions: (I) normoxia without a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (CON); (II) normoxia with a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (NOR); (III) moderate hypoxia (FiO2: 15.4%) with mask (MHYP); and (IV) high hypoxia (FiO2: 13.4%) with mask (HHYP). Peak (PPO) and mean power output (MPO), HRV, heart rate (HR), CP, capillary lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) pre- and post-SIT were compared between CON, NOR, MHYP and HHYP. There were no significant differences found between trials for PPO (p = 0.55), MPO (p = 0.44), RPE (p = 0.39), HR (p = 0.49), HRV (p > 0.05) and CP (response accuracy: p = 0.92; reaction time: p = 0.24). The changes in MP, PP, RPE, HR, CP and HRV were similar between men and women (all p > 0.05). While BLa was similar (p = 0.10) between MHYP and HHYP trials, it was greater compared to CON (p = 0.01) and NOR (p = 0.01), without a sex-effect. In conclusion, compared to normoxia, hypoxia, and wearing a mask, have no effect on SIT acute responses (other than lactate), including PP, MP, RPE, CP, HR, and cardiac autonomic modulation either in men or women. Simple SummarySprint interval training (SIT) is a feasible and time-efficient alternative to classical endurance training that has gained popularity among athletes because of its ability to elicit physiological and cardiorespiratory adaptations in a shorter amount of time than traditional endurance training. Further, popular altitude/hypoxic training techniques include intermittent hypoxic training, in which athletes exercise at submaximal levels under simulated hypoxia while living at sea level (normoxia). Hypoxic exercise is likely a more potent stimulant to upregulate muscle factors (e.g., mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative, and glycolytic enzymes) than similar normoxic exercise. However, SIT in hypoxia may disturb acute performance indices during sprint intervals. Hypoxia may also impair cognitive function. Acute hypoxia may decrease cognitive performance in areas such as memory and executive functioning. Moreover, males and females may have distinct athletic performance responses to SIT and hypoxia. However, to date, there is no study that has investigated the effects of different doses of acute normobaric hypoxia on SIT and cognitive performance, nor has there been research investigating potential sex-based differences.AbstractAlthough preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of normobaric hypoxia on SIT performance as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance (CP) in amateur-trained team sport players by comparing potential sex differences. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 26 (13 females) amateur team-sport (football, basketball, handball, rugby) players completed acute SIT (6 × 15 s all-out sprints, separated with 2 min active recovery, against a load equivalent to 9% of body weight) on a cycle ergometer, in one of four conditions: (I) normoxia without a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (CON); (II) normoxia with a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (NOR); (III) moderate hypoxia (FiO2: 15.4%) with mask (MHYP); and (IV) high hypoxia (FiO2: 13.4%) with mask (HHYP). Peak (PPO) and mean power output (MPO), HRV, heart rate (HR), CP, capillary lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) pre- and post-SIT were compared between CON, NOR, MHYP and HHYP. There were no significant differences found between trials for PPO (p = 0.55), MPO (p = 0.44), RPE (p = 0.39), HR (p = 0.49), HRV (p > 0.05) and CP (response accuracy: p = 0.92; reaction time: p = 0.24). The changes in MP, PP, RPE, HR, CP and HRV were similar between men and women (all p > 0.05). While BLa was similar (p = 0.10) between MHYP and HHYP trials, it was greater compared to CON (p = 0.01) and NOR (p = 0.01), without a sex-effect. In conclusion, compared to normoxia, hypoxia, and wearing a mask, have no effect on SIT acute responses (other than lactate), including PP, MP, RPE, CP, HR, and cardiac autonomic modulation either in men or women. |
Author | Yasli, Burak Caglar Esen, Ozcan Karayigit, Raci Gabrys, Tomasz Benesova, Daniela Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK 1 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey 2 School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile 3 Department of Physical Education and Sports, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76000, Turkey 4 Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile – name: 5 Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK – name: 3 Department of Physical Education and Sports, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76000, Turkey – name: 1 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey – name: 4 Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Raci orcidid: 0000-0001-9058-1918 surname: Karayigit fullname: Karayigit, Raci organization: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey – sequence: 2 givenname: Rodrigo orcidid: 0000-0003-2035-3279 surname: Ramirez-Campillo fullname: Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo organization: School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile – sequence: 3 givenname: Burak Caglar surname: Yasli fullname: Yasli, Burak Caglar organization: Department of Physical Education and Sports, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76000, Turkey – sequence: 4 givenname: Tomasz orcidid: 0000-0001-6607-8706 surname: Gabrys fullname: Gabrys, Tomasz organization: Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic – sequence: 5 givenname: Daniela orcidid: 0000-0002-7768-467X surname: Benesova fullname: Benesova, Daniela organization: Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic – sequence: 6 givenname: Ozcan orcidid: 0000-0003-3559-2854 surname: Esen fullname: Esen, Ozcan organization: Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK |
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Snippet | Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT)... Simple SummarySprint interval training (SIT) is a feasible and time-efficient alternative to classical endurance training that has gained popularity among... |
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SubjectTerms | Adaptation Altitude Biosynthesis Body weight Cognitive ability Endurance Enzymes Executive function Exercise Females Gender differences Glycolysis Heart rate high-intensity interval training human physical conditioning Hypoxia Interval training Laboratories Lactic acid Males Mitochondria Physical fitness Physical training Physiology Rest Sea level sex Sex differences |
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Title | High Dose of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Does Not Adversely Affect Sprint Interval Training, Cognitive Performance and Heart Rate Variability in Males and Females |
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