The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism
Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the st...
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| Published in | Studies in conflict and terrorism Vol. 38; no. 11; pp. 958 - 975 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
Routledge
02.11.2015
Taylor & Francis LLC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1057-610X 1521-0731 |
| DOI | 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375 |
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| Abstract | Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a "puzzle" metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies. |
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| AbstractList | Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a "puzzle" metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies. Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a 'puzzle' metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies. Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd. |
| Author | Hafez, Mohammed Mullins, Creighton |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammed surname: Hafez fullname: Hafez, Mohammed email: mmhafez@nps.edu organization: Department of National Security AffairsNaval Postgraduate School – sequence: 2 givenname: Creighton surname: Mullins fullname: Mullins, Creighton organization: Department of National Security AffairsNaval Postgraduate School |
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| SubjectTerms | Affluent societies Complaints Empirical research Extremism Extremists Ideology Influence Islam Islamism Metaphor Networks Political violence Politics and government Radical groups Radicalism Radicalization Religion Violence |
| Title | The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism |
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