Pathway of anthracene modification under simulated solar radiation

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 40; no. 12; pp. 1435 - 1441
• Main Authors: Mallakin, Ali, George Dixon, D, Greenberg, Bruce M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2000; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anthracenes - chemistry; Anthracenes - radiation effects; Anthraquinones - chemistry; Applied sciences; Benzaldehydes - chemistry; Benzoates - chemistry; Biological and physicochemical phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Exact sciences and technology; General and physical chemistry; Kinetics; Natural water pollution; Oxidation-Reduction - radiation effects; Phenols - chemistry; Photochemistry; Photochemistry - methods; Photolysis - radiation effects; Photomodification; Photooxidation; Physical chemistry of induced reactions (with radiations, particles and ultrasonics); Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sunlight; Toxicity; Water treatment and pollution; Sunlight; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Photomodification; Toxicity; Photooxidation; Reaction intermediate; Anthracene; Hydrocarbon; Pollutant behavior; Reaction product; Photochemical reaction; Polycyclic aromatic compound; Chemical reaction kinetics; Simulation; Reaction mechanism; Water pollution; Aqueous solution; Solar radiation
• DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00331-8
• ISSN: 0045-6535

Exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to sunlight results in rapid structural photomodification generally via oxidation reactions. These PAH modification products are in many cases more toxic than their parent compounds. In this study, anthracene (ANT), a rapidly photooxidized PAH, was irradiated with simulated solar radiation (SSR, 100 μmol m −2 s −1) in aqueous solution to examine the photomodification pathway. The photoproducts formed were identified by HPLC. The ANT product profile after 9 h in SSR was very complex, with more than 20 compounds detected. The photoproducts formed were anthraquinones, benzoic acids, benzaldehydes and phenols showing the process to be oxidative in nature. Some of the anthraquinones were themselves subject to photooxidation, and were thus intermediates in the product pathway. The kinetics of ANT photooxidation revealed a pseudo first-order reaction with a half-life of 2 h under the SSR source used. The kinetics of product formation allowed deduction of a probable photomodification pathway. This study indicates that PAH photooxidation products are likely to exist as complex, dynamically changing mixtures in PAH contaminated aquatic environments.