Variability of running coordination in experts and novices: A 3D uncontrolled manifold analysis
The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass...
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| Published in | European journal of sport science Vol. 20; no. 9; pp. 1187 - 1196 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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England
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01.10.2020
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| Abstract | The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject-specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h
−1
on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM
, the variance not affecting the CoM
, and their ratio
were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in
between the two groups. In novices,
and
were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h
−1
condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride-to-stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h
−1
condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | ABSTRACT
The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject‐specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h−1 on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM , the variance not affecting the CoM , and their ratio were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in between the two groups. In novices, and were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h−1 condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride‐to‐stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h−1 condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject-specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM , the variance not affecting the CoM , and their ratio were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in between the two groups. In novices, and were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride-to-stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject-specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h-1 on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM ( U C M ⊥ ) , the variance not affecting the CoM ( U C M ∥ ) , and their ratio ( U C M R a t i o ) were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in U C M R a t i o between the two groups. In novices, U C M ⊥ and U C M ∥ were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h-1 condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride-to-stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h-1 condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase.The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject-specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h-1 on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM ( U C M ⊥ ) , the variance not affecting the CoM ( U C M ∥ ) , and their ratio ( U C M R a t i o ) were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in U C M R a t i o between the two groups. In novices, U C M ⊥ and U C M ∥ were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h-1 condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride-to-stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h-1 condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject‐specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h −1 on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM , the variance not affecting the CoM , and their ratio were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in between the two groups. In novices, and were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h −1 condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride‐to‐stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h −1 condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in experts compared to novices during running at two different speeds using a subject-specific 3D model. A total of 25 healthy young adults (13 experts, 12 novices) participated in the study. All subjects ran at 10 and 15 km h −1 on a treadmill. In each case, kinematics of 20 consecutive gait cycles were recorded and the effects of expertise and gait cycle phase on the synergy structure were investigated at both speeds. Specifically, the variance affecting the CoM , the variance not affecting the CoM , and their ratio were analysed. Descriptively, in both groups there was a synergy stabilizing the CoM trajectory in running. However, the ANOVA showed no differences in between the two groups. In novices, and were significantly higher compared to experts at the 15 km h −1 condition. In both groups, there was more variability in the stance phase compared to the flight phase in the majority of cases. The results indicate that experts adopted a more consistent running style. The stride-to-stride variability was diminished but not abolished. This difference was only visible at the 15 km h −1 condition. Furthermore, variability was less constrained in the stance phase compared to the flight phase. |
| Author | Ringhof, Steffen Möhler, Felix Marahrens, Sonja Stein, Thorsten Mikut, Ralf |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Felix orcidid: 0000-0002-2082-4811 surname: Möhler fullname: Möhler, Felix email: felix.moehler@kit.edu organization: BioMotion Centre, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Sonja surname: Marahrens fullname: Marahrens, Sonja organization: BioMotion Centre, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Steffen surname: Ringhof fullname: Ringhof, Steffen organization: Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg – sequence: 4 givenname: Ralf surname: Mikut fullname: Mikut, Ralf organization: Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Thorsten surname: Stein fullname: Stein, Thorsten organization: BioMotion Centre, Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31952460$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to... ABSTRACT The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis of Variance Athletic Performance - physiology Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology Gait - physiology Humans locomotion Locomotion - physiology Motor control Psychomotor Performance - physiology Running - physiology synergy Young Adult |
| Title | Variability of running coordination in experts and novices: A 3D uncontrolled manifold analysis |
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