The pathological consequences of impaired genome integrity in humans; disorders of the DNA replication machinery
Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA les...
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Published in | The Journal of pathology Vol. 241; no. 2; pp. 192 - 207 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.01.2017
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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Abstract | Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA lesions, including base modifications and strand breaks. DNA replication is fundamentally important for tissue development and homeostasis; differentiation programmes are intimately linked with stem cell division. Unsurprisingly, impairments of the DNA replication machinery can have catastrophic consequences for genome stability and cell division. Functional impacts on DNA replication and genome stability have long been known to play roles in malignant transformation through a variety of complex mechanisms, and significant further insights have been gained from studying model organisms in this context. Congenital hypomorphic defects in components of the DNA replication machinery have been and continue to be identified in humans. These disorders present with a wide range of clinical features. Indeed, in some instances, different mutations in the same gene underlie different clinical presentations. Understanding the origin and molecular basis of these features opens a window onto the range of developmental impacts of suboptimal DNA replication and genome instability in humans. Here, I will briefly overview the basic steps involved in DNA replication and the key concepts that have emerged from this area of research, before switching emphasis to the pathological consequences of defects within the DNA replication network; the human disorders. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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AbstractList | Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA lesions, including base modifications and strand breaks. DNA replication is fundamentally important for tissue development and homeostasis; differentiation programmes are intimately linked with stem cell division. Unsurprisingly, impairments of the DNA replication machinery can have catastrophic consequences for genome stability and cell division. Functional impacts on DNA replication and genome stability have long been known to play roles in malignant transformation through a variety of complex mechanisms, and significant further insights have been gained from studying model organisms in this context. Congenital hypomorphic defects in components of the DNA replication machinery have been and continue to be identified in humans. These disorders present with a wide range of clinical features. Indeed, in some instances, different mutations in the same gene underlie different clinical presentations. Understanding the origin and molecular basis of these features opens a window onto the range of developmental impacts of suboptimal DNA replication and genome instability in humans. Here, I will briefly overview the basic steps involved in DNA replication and the key concepts that have emerged from this area of research, before switching emphasis to the pathological consequences of defects within the DNA replication network; the human disorders. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA lesions, including base modifications and strand breaks. DNA replication is fundamentally important for tissue development and homeostasis; differentiation programmes are intimately linked with stem cell division. Unsurprisingly, impairments of the DNA replication machinery can have catastrophic consequences for genome stability and cell division. Functional impacts on DNA replication and genome stability have long been known to play roles in malignant transformation through a variety of complex mechanisms, and significant further insights have been gained from studying model organisms in this context. Congenital hypomorphic defects in components of the DNA replication machinery have been and continue to be identified in humans. These disorders present with a wide range of clinical features. Indeed, in some instances, different mutations in the same gene underlie different clinical presentations. Understanding the origin and molecular basis of these features opens a window onto the range of developmental impacts of suboptimal DNA replication and genome instability in humans. Here, I will briefly overview the basic steps involved in DNA replication and the key concepts that have emerged from this area of research, before switching emphasis to the pathological consequences of defects within the DNA replication network; the human disorders. |
Author | O'Driscoll, Mark |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mark surname: O'Driscoll fullname: O'Driscoll, Mark email: m.o-driscoll@sussex.ac.uk organization: University of Sussex |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27757957$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2019_03_006 crossref_primary_10_1002_path_4849 crossref_primary_10_1002_path_5097 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dnarep_2018_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddac082 crossref_primary_10_1101_gad_301325_117 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_34349_8 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_61171 crossref_primary_10_1074_jbc_M117_787473 |
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Keywords | replication stress pre-replication complex origins cancer growth retardation R-loops genomic instability mutagenesis |
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SubjectTerms | Animals cancer Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Chromatin - genetics DNA Repair DNA Replication genomic instability Genomic Instability - genetics growth retardation Humans mutagenesis Mutation - genetics origins pre‐replication complex replication stress R‐loops |
Title | The pathological consequences of impaired genome integrity in humans; disorders of the DNA replication machinery |
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