A preliminary investigation of urinary testosterone and cortisol levels in wild male mountain gorillas

Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol corresponded with age and social rank. Urine samples were collected noninvasively from 18 males, ranging in age from 3–26 years, in three groups...

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Published inAmerican journal of primatology Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 51 - 64
Main Authors Robbins, Martha M., Czekala, Nancy M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 1997
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Abstract Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol corresponded with age and social rank. Urine samples were collected noninvasively from 18 males, ranging in age from 3–26 years, in three groups of wild mountain gorillas at the Karisoke Research Center, Rwanda, Africa, and samples were analyzed using radioimmunoassay procedures. Males were classified as being immature (<7 years), maturing (10–13 years), or adult (+13 years of age). Immature males had significantly lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of cortisol than both maturing and adult males. No differences in testosterone or cortisol levels were found between maturing and adult males. Dominant males exhibited a trend toward significantly higher levels of testosterone than subordinate males, but no difference was found between cortisol levels of dominant and subordinate males. These results suggest that the increase in testosterone associated with puberty occurs prior to any outward sign of development of secondary sexual characteristics. Within‐group male–male competition may affect testosterone levels, but the lack of difference in cortisol levels between dominant and subordinate males suggests that subordinate males are not socially stressed, at least as measured by cortisol. Am. J. Primatol. 43:51–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AbstractList Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol corresponded with age and social rank. Urine samples were collected noninvasively from 18 males, ranging in age from 3-26 years, in three groups of wild mountain gorillas at the Karisoke Research Center, Rwanda, Africa, and samples were analyzed using radioimmunoassay procedures. Males were classified as being immature (< 7 years), maturing (10-13 years), or adult (+13 years of age). Immature males had significantly lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of cortisol than both maturing and adult males. No differences in testosterone or cortisol levels were found between maturing and adult males. Dominant males exhibited a trend toward significantly higher levels of testosterone than subordinate males, but no difference was found between cortisol levels of dominant and subordinate males. These results suggest that the increase in testosterone associated with puberty occurs prior to any outward sign of development of secondary sexual characteristics. Within-group male-male competition may affect testosterone levels, but the lack of difference in cortisol levels between dominant and subordinate males suggests that subordinate males are not socially stressed, at least as measured by cortisol.
Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol corresponded with age and social rank. Urine samples were collected noninvasively from 18 males, ranging in age from 3–26 years, in three groups of wild mountain gorillas at the Karisoke Research Center, Rwanda, Africa, and samples were analyzed using radioimmunoassay procedures. Males were classified as being immature (<7 years), maturing (10–13 years), or adult (+13 years of age). Immature males had significantly lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of cortisol than both maturing and adult males. No differences in testosterone or cortisol levels were found between maturing and adult males. Dominant males exhibited a trend toward significantly higher levels of testosterone than subordinate males, but no difference was found between cortisol levels of dominant and subordinate males. These results suggest that the increase in testosterone associated with puberty occurs prior to any outward sign of development of secondary sexual characteristics. Within‐group male–male competition may affect testosterone levels, but the lack of difference in cortisol levels between dominant and subordinate males suggests that subordinate males are not socially stressed, at least as measured by cortisol. Am. J. Primatol. 43:51–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol corresponded with age and social rank. Urine samples were collected noninvasively from 18 males, ranging in age from 3-26 years, in three groups of wild mountain gorillas at the Karisoke Research Center, Rwanda, Africa, and samples were analyzed using radioimmunoassay procedures. Males were classified as being immature (&lt; 7 years), maturing (10-13 years), or adult (+13 years of age). Immature males had significantly lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of cortisol than both maturing and adult males. No differences in testosterone or cortisol levels were found between maturing and adult males. Dominant males exhibited a trend toward significantly higher levels of testosterone than subordinate males, but no difference was found between cortisol levels of dominant and subordinate males. These results suggest that the increase in testosterone associated with puberty occurs prior to any outward sign of development of secondary sexual characteristics. Within-group male-male competition may affect testosterone levels, but the lack of difference in cortisol levels between dominant and subordinate males suggests that subordinate males are not socially stressed, at least as measured by cortisol.
Author Czekala, Nancy M.
Robbins, Martha M.
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Issue 1
Keywords Androgen
Male
Wild animal
Hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoid
Gorilla gorilla
Testosterone
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Social behavior
Social dominance
Social interaction
Animal
Adrenal hormone
Primates
Simioidea
Research center
Developmental stage
Testicular hormone
Hormonal investigation
Sex steroid hormone
Age
Field study
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1996a; 102
1991; 16
1995; 36
1975; 16
1977; 29
1971; 89
1983; 5
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1985; 60
1992; 59
1954; 208
1992; 52
1982; 23
1985; 19
1979; 23
1982; 1
1991a; 44
1987; 115
1993; 31
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1991; 93
1979; 5
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1992; 43
1991b; 44
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1992; 140
1991; 32
1986; 11
1981; 241
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1991; 69
1986; 62
1986; 20
1991; 24
1993; 99
1992; 28
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1978; 46
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Snippet Urinary steroid hormone levels were measured in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) to determine how levels of testosterone and cortisol...
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StartPage 51
SubjectTerms Age Factors
Animals
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
cortisol
dominance
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gorilla gorilla - physiology
Hormones and behavior
Hydrocortisone - analysis
Hydrocortisone - urine
Male
mountain gorilla
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
puberty
Sex Characteristics
Social Dominance
socioendocrinology
testosterone
Testosterone - analysis
Testosterone - urine
Title A preliminary investigation of urinary testosterone and cortisol levels in wild male mountain gorillas
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-Z8MNS05M-W/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2345%281997%2943%3A1%3C51%3A%3AAID-AJP4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-X
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294641
https://search.proquest.com/docview/79276519
Volume 43
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