Diminishing returns among lamina fresh and dry mass, surface area, and petiole fresh mass among nine Lauraceae species
Premise The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) a...
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| Published in | American journal of botany Vol. 109; no. 3; pp. 377 - 392 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Botanical Society of America, Inc
01.03.2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Premise
The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM).
Methods
For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α‐values between any two species.
Results
The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2‐values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship.
Conclusions
“Diminishing returns” was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. |
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| AbstractList | PREMISE: The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aᵅ>¹, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM). METHODS: For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α‐values between any two species. RESULTS: The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r²‐values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship. CONCLUSIONS: “Diminishing returns” was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1 , where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM).PREMISEThe phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1 , where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM).For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α-values between any two species.METHODSFor each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α-values between any two species.The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2 -values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship.RESULTSThe phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2 -values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship."Diminishing returns" was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading.CONCLUSIONS"Diminishing returns" was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. Premise The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM). Methods For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α-values between any two species. Results The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2-values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship. Conclusions "Diminishing returns" was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. Premise The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1, where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM). Methods For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α‐values between any two species. Results The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r2‐values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship. Conclusions “Diminishing returns” was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ A , where α is the scaling exponent exceeding unity. Prior studies have focused on the scaling relationships between lamina dry mass (DM) and A, or between fresh mass (FM) and A. However, the scaling between petiole mass and M and A has seldom been investigated. Here, we examine the scaling relationships among FM, DM, A, and petiole fresh mass (PFM). For each of 3268 leaves from nine Lauraceae species, FM, DM, A, and PFM were measured, and their scaling relationships were fitted using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the difference in α-values between any two species. The phenomenon of diminishing returns was verified between FM vs. A and DM vs. A. The FM vs. A scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the DM vs. A scaling relationship based on bivariate regression r -values. Diminishing returns were also observed for the PFM vs. FM and PFM vs. A scaling relationships. The PFM vs. FM scaling relationship was statistically more robust than the PFM vs. A scaling relationship. "Diminishing returns" was confirmed among the FM, DM, A, and PFM scaling relationships. The data collectively indicate that the petiole scales mechanically more strongly with lamina mass than with area, suggesting that static (self) loading takes precedence over dynamic (wind) loading. |
| Author | Li, Yirong Yu, Kexin Niklas, Karl J. Shi, Peijian Schrader, Julian Niinemets, Ülo Song, Yu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yirong surname: Li fullname: Li, Yirong organization: Nanjing Forestry University – sequence: 2 givenname: Peijian orcidid: 0000-0003-4696-0130 surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Peijian email: pjshi@njfu.edu.cn organization: Nanjing Forestry University – sequence: 3 givenname: Ülo surname: Niinemets fullname: Niinemets, Ülo organization: Estonian Academy of Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Yu surname: Song fullname: Song, Yu organization: Guangxi Normal University – sequence: 5 givenname: Kexin surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Kexin organization: Nanjing Forestry University – sequence: 6 givenname: Julian orcidid: 0000-0002-8392-211X surname: Schrader fullname: Schrader, Julian organization: University of Göttingen – sequence: 7 givenname: Karl J. orcidid: 0000-0003-3491-1286 surname: Niklas fullname: Niklas, Karl J. email: kjn2@cornell.edu organization: Cornell University |
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| Keywords | diminishing returns lamina fresh mass petiole fresh mass scaling relationship lamina dry mass |
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The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝... The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ A , where α... Premise The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝... The phenomenon called "diminishing returns" refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝ Aα>1 ,... PREMISE: The phenomenon called “diminishing returns” refers to a scaling relationship between lamina mass (M) vs. lamina area (A) in many species, i.e., M ∝... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bivariate analysis diminishing returns lamina dry mass lamina fresh mass Lauraceae petiole fresh mass petioles Plant Leaves Robustness (mathematics) Scaling scaling relationship Species surface area wind |
| Title | Diminishing returns among lamina fresh and dry mass, surface area, and petiole fresh mass among nine Lauraceae species |
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