Optimal two-stage group sequential designs based on Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 20; no. 2; p. e0318211
• Main Author: Park, Yeonhee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 20.02.2025; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Analysis; Clinical trials; COVID-19; Dependent variables; Humans; Hypotheses; Mann-Whitney U test; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Patients; Performance evaluation; Physical Sciences; Prevention; Random variables; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research and Analysis Methods; Research Design; Risk factors; Sample Size; Statistical analysis; Statistical tests; Statistics; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stroke (Disease); South Korea
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318211

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, often referred to as the Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, is a non-parametric statistical test used to compare two independent groups when the dependent variable is ordinal or continuous but not normally distributed. It’s particularly useful for small sample sizes or when the assumptions of parametric tests, such as the t-test, are violated, including cases where the data is skewed. This study focuses on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for ordinal data, which frequently arises in biomedical research when the proportional odds assumption does not hold. Currently, there are no optimal two-stage randomized clinical trial designs utilizing the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. To address this research gap, our study proposes optimal two-stage designs based on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. We demonstrate the application of these designs through illustrative examples and evaluate their operating characteristics.