Tsallis Entropy and Mutability to Characterize Seismic Sequences: The Case of 2007–2014 Northern Chile Earthquakes
Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that...
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| Published in | Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 10; p. 1417 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that can help in the definition of areas where seismic risk is developing. Our data comes from the IPOC catalog for 2007 to 2014. It covers the intense seismic activity near Iquique in Northern Chile during March/April 2014. Centered in these hypocenters we concentrate on the rectangle Lat−22−18 and Lon−68−72 and deepness between 5 and 70 km, where the major earthquakes originate. The analysis was performed using two complementary techniques: Tsallis entropy and mutability (dynamical entropy). Two possible forecasting indicators emerge: (1) Tsallis entropy (mutability) increases (decreases) broadly about two years before the main MW8.1 earthquake. (2) Tsallis entropy (mutability) sharply decreases (increases) a few weeks before the MW8.1 earthquake. The first one is about energy accumulation, and the second one is because of energy relaxation in the parallelepiped of interest. We discuss the implications of these behaviors and project them for possible future studies. |
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| AbstractList | Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that can help in the definition of areas where seismic risk is developing. Our data comes from the IPOC catalog for 2007 to 2014. It covers the intense seismic activity near Iquique in Northern Chile during March/April 2014. Centered in these hypocenters we concentrate on the rectangle Lat−22−18 and Lon−68−72 and deepness between 5 and 70 km, where the major earthquakes originate. The analysis was performed using two complementary techniques: Tsallis entropy and mutability (dynamical entropy). Two possible forecasting indicators emerge: (1) Tsallis entropy (mutability) increases (decreases) broadly about two years before the main MW8.1 earthquake. (2) Tsallis entropy (mutability) sharply decreases (increases) a few weeks before the MW8.1 earthquake. The first one is about energy accumulation, and the second one is because of energy relaxation in the parallelepiped of interest. We discuss the implications of these behaviors and project them for possible future studies. Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that can help in the definition of areas where seismic risk is developing. Our data comes from the IPOC catalog for 2007 to 2014. It covers the intense seismic activity near Iquique in Northern Chile during March/April 2014. Centered in these hypocenters we concentrate on the rectangle Lat-22-18 and Lon-68-72 and deepness between 5 and 70 km, where the major earthquakes originate. The analysis was performed using two complementary techniques: Tsallis entropy and mutability (dynamical entropy). Two possible forecasting indicators emerge: (1) Tsallis entropy (mutability) increases (decreases) broadly about two years before the main MW8.1 earthquake. (2) Tsallis entropy (mutability) sharply decreases (increases) a few weeks before the MW8.1 earthquake. The first one is about energy accumulation, and the second one is because of energy relaxation in the parallelepiped of interest. We discuss the implications of these behaviors and project them for possible future studies. Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that can help in the definition of areas where seismic risk is developing. Our data comes from the IPOC catalog for 2007 to 2014. It covers the intense seismic activity near Iquique in Northern Chile during March/April 2014. Centered in these hypocenters we concentrate on the rectangle Lat[sub.−22] [sup.−18] and Lon[sub.−68] [sup.−72] and deepness between 5 and 70 km, where the major earthquakes originate. The analysis was performed using two complementary techniques: Tsallis entropy and mutability (dynamical entropy). Two possible forecasting indicators emerge: (1) Tsallis entropy (mutability) increases (decreases) broadly about two years before the main M[sub.W]8.1 earthquake. (2) Tsallis entropy (mutability) sharply decreases (increases) a few weeks before the M[sub.W]8.1 earthquake. The first one is about energy accumulation, and the second one is because of energy relaxation in the parallelepiped of interest. We discuss the implications of these behaviors and project them for possible future studies. Seismic data have improved in quality and quantity over the past few decades, enabling better statistical analysis. Statistical physics has proposed new ways to deal with these data to focus the attention on specific matters. The present paper combines these two progressions to find indicators that can help in the definition of areas where seismic risk is developing. Our data comes from the IPOC catalog for 2007 to 2014. It covers the intense seismic activity near Iquique in Northern Chile during March/April 2014. Centered in these hypocenters we concentrate on the rectangle L a t − 22 − 18 and L o n − 68 − 72 and deepness between 5 and 70 km, where the major earthquakes originate. The analysis was performed using two complementary techniques: Tsallis entropy and mutability (dynamical entropy). Two possible forecasting indicators emerge: (1) Tsallis entropy (mutability) increases (decreases) broadly about two years before the main M W 8.1 earthquake. (2) Tsallis entropy (mutability) sharply decreases (increases) a few weeks before the M W 8.1 earthquake. The first one is about energy accumulation, and the second one is because of energy relaxation in the parallelepiped of interest. We discuss the implications of these behaviors and project them for possible future studies. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Pasten, Denisse Vogel, Eugenio E Posadas, Antonio Saravia, Gonzalo Sotolongo, Oscar |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Physics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile 6 Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain 7 Cátedra de Sistemas Complejos ‘‘Henri Poincaré’’, Universidad de La Habana, Habana 10400, Cuba; osotolongo@gmail.com 4 Los Eucaliptus 1189, Temuco 4812537, Chile; gonzalo.saravia@gmail.com 1 Department of Physics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 8330111, Chile 3 Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile 5 Departamento de Química y Física, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain; aposadas@ual.es |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Los Eucaliptus 1189, Temuco 4812537, Chile; gonzalo.saravia@gmail.com – name: 6 Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain – name: 1 Department of Physics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 8330111, Chile – name: 3 Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile – name: 2 Department of Physics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile – name: 7 Cátedra de Sistemas Complejos ‘‘Henri Poincaré’’, Universidad de La Habana, Habana 10400, Cuba; osotolongo@gmail.com – name: 5 Departamento de Química y Física, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain; aposadas@ual.es |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Denisse orcidid: 0000-0002-4857-1051 surname: Pasten fullname: Pasten, Denisse – sequence: 2 givenname: Eugenio E. surname: Vogel fullname: Vogel, Eugenio E. – sequence: 3 givenname: Gonzalo surname: Saravia fullname: Saravia, Gonzalo – sequence: 4 givenname: Antonio orcidid: 0000-0001-9480-2538 surname: Posadas fullname: Posadas, Antonio – sequence: 5 givenname: Oscar surname: Sotolongo fullname: Sotolongo, Oscar |
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| SubjectTerms | 2014 AD Aftershocks Buildings and facilities Chile Earthquakes Entropy Indicators information theory Magnetization Parallelepipeds Phase transitions Progressions Seismic activity Seismic hazard Seismology Social aspects Statistical analysis Statistical mechanics subduction seismicity Tsallis entropy Wind power |
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| Title | Tsallis Entropy and Mutability to Characterize Seismic Sequences: The Case of 2007–2014 Northern Chile Earthquakes |
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