Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular...
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| Published in | Nature biomedical engineering Vol. 5; no. 7; pp. 666 - 677 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.07.2021
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody–SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads.
Organic electrochemical transistors functionalized with antigen-specific nanobodies can rapidly detect attomolar-to-nanomolar levels of the antigens in complex bodily fluids. |
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| AbstractList | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody-SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody-SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody–SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads.Organic electrochemical transistors functionalized with antigen-specific nanobodies can rapidly detect attomolar-to-nanomolar levels of the antigens in complex bodily fluids. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody–SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads. Organic electrochemical transistors functionalized with antigen-specific nanobodies can rapidly detect attomolar-to-nanomolar levels of the antigens in complex bodily fluids. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody-SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads. |
| Author | Wustoni, Shofarul Pain, Arnab Hama, Adel McCulloch, Iain Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Moser, Maximilian Díaz-Galicia, Escarlet Ahmad, Adeel Nazir Inal, Sahika Shuaib, Muhammad Guo, Keying Alhamlan, Fatimah Saeed Koklu, Anil Arold, Stefan T. Grünberg, Raik |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Keying orcidid: 0000-0001-6383-6321 surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Keying organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 2 givenname: Shofarul orcidid: 0000-0002-3059-4503 surname: Wustoni fullname: Wustoni, Shofarul organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 3 givenname: Anil surname: Koklu fullname: Koklu, Anil organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 4 givenname: Escarlet orcidid: 0000-0003-1065-1029 surname: Díaz-Galicia fullname: Díaz-Galicia, Escarlet organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST – sequence: 5 givenname: Maximilian orcidid: 0000-0002-3293-9309 surname: Moser fullname: Moser, Maximilian organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford – sequence: 6 givenname: Adel surname: Hama fullname: Hama, Adel organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 7 givenname: Ahmed A. surname: Alqahtani fullname: Alqahtani, Ahmed A. organization: Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center – sequence: 8 givenname: Adeel Nazir orcidid: 0000-0002-1146-4324 surname: Ahmad fullname: Ahmad, Adeel Nazir organization: KAUST Health – sequence: 9 givenname: Fatimah Saeed surname: Alhamlan fullname: Alhamlan, Fatimah Saeed organization: Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center – sequence: 10 givenname: Muhammad surname: Shuaib fullname: Shuaib, Muhammad organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 11 givenname: Arnab surname: Pain fullname: Pain, Arnab organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 12 givenname: Iain surname: McCulloch fullname: McCulloch, Iain organization: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST – sequence: 13 givenname: Stefan T. orcidid: 0000-0001-5278-0668 surname: Arold fullname: Arold, Stefan T. email: stefan.arold@kaust.edu.sa organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier – sequence: 14 givenname: Raik orcidid: 0000-0001-9532-6043 surname: Grünberg fullname: Grünberg, Raik email: raik.grunberg@kaust.edu.sa organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST – sequence: 15 givenname: Sahika orcidid: 0000-0002-1166-1512 surname: Inal fullname: Inal, Sahika email: sahika.inal@kaust.edu.sa organization: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34031558$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors |
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