Biodegradation of three substituted phenylurea herbicides (chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon) by soil fungi. A comparative study
As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L −1), diuron (20 mg.L −1), and isop...
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Published in | Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 33; no. 10; pp. 2045 - 2056 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.1996
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Abstract | As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L
−1), diuron (20 mg.L
−1), and isoproturon (100 mg.L
−1 ) for 5 days. Evaluation of the chemicals in the culture media was made by HPLC. Our results show a wide variation not only with taxonomic groups but also with the species, and with the tested chemicals. On the whole, 4, 7, and 11% of the strains depleted respectively chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon, at 50% or over. Rhizoctonia solani was the only strain that depleted each of the 3 substituted phenylureas over 70%, nevertheless, the growth of this fungus was slightly inhibited by diuron. The very fast desappearance of the chemicals from the culture media was only due to biotic phenomena, as no adsorption occurred on the fungal biomass. So, depletion translated a real biodegradation of the tested substrates. |
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AbstractList | The ability of 90 strains of soil fungi were evaluated for their ability to degrade chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon. The disappearance of the substituted phenylurea herbicides was monitored by high-performance chromatography. For chlortoluron degradation, Agonomycetes appeared to be the most efficient group, while Tuberculariales were the least efficient. Agromycetes were also found to be the best diuron degraders, whereas Penicillium, Sphaeropsidales, and Zygomycetes were the least effective. For isoproturon, Zygomycetes and Melanconiales were the most efficient degraders. Isoproturon was the most easily biodegraded herbicide of the three, while diuron was the least easily biodegraded. Only Rhizoctonia solani was able to biodegrade each of the three compounds by over 50%. The kinetics of degradation of the three herbicides by R. solani are described, showing that the enzymes responsible are probably constitutive and intracellular. As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L-1), diuron (20 mg.L-1), and isoproturon (100 mg.L-1) for 5 days. Evaluation of the chemicals in the culture media was made by HPLC. Our results show a wide variation not only with taxonomic groups but also with the species, and with the tested chemicals. On the whole, 4, 7, and 11% of the strains depleted respectively chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon, at 50% or over. Rhizoctonia solani was the only strain that depleted each of the 3 substituted phenylureas over 70%, nevertheless, the growth of this fungus was slightly inhibited by diuron. The very fast disappearance of the chemicals from the culture media was only due to biotic phenomena, as no adsorption occurred on the fungal biomass. So, depletion translated a real biodegradation of the tested substrates. As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L super(-1)), diuron (20 mg.L super(-1)), and isoproturon (100 mg.L super(-1)) for 5 days. Evaluation of the chemicals in the culture media was made by HPLC. Our results show a wide variation not only with taxonomic groups but also with the species, and with the tested chemicals. On the whole, 4, 7, and 11% of the strains depleted respectively chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon, at 50% or over. Rhizoctonia solani was the only strain that depleted each of the 3 substituted phenylureas over 70%, nevertheless, the growth of this fungus was slightly inhibited by diuron. The very fast desappearance of the chemicals from the culture media was only due to biotic phenomena, as no adsorption occurred on the fungal biomass. So, depletion translated a real biodegradation of the tested substrates. As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L −1), diuron (20 mg.L −1), and isoproturon (100 mg.L −1 ) for 5 days. Evaluation of the chemicals in the culture media was made by HPLC. Our results show a wide variation not only with taxonomic groups but also with the species, and with the tested chemicals. On the whole, 4, 7, and 11% of the strains depleted respectively chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon, at 50% or over. Rhizoctonia solani was the only strain that depleted each of the 3 substituted phenylureas over 70%, nevertheless, the growth of this fungus was slightly inhibited by diuron. The very fast desappearance of the chemicals from the culture media was only due to biotic phenomena, as no adsorption occurred on the fungal biomass. So, depletion translated a real biodegradation of the tested substrates. |
Author | Seigle-Murandi, F. Benoit-Guyod, J.-L. Steiman, R. Khadrani, A. Vroumsia, T. Groupe pour l'Étude du Devenir des Xénobiotiques dans l'Environnement (GEDEXE) |
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Keywords | Biodegradation Fungi Chlortoluron Diuron Micromycetes Isoproturon |
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Snippet | As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and... The ability of 90 strains of soil fungi were evaluated for their ability to degrade chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon. The disappearance of the substituted... |
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SubjectTerms | Adsorption Biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Chlortoluron Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Culture Media Diuron Diuron - metabolism Fungi Fungi - metabolism Herbicides - metabolism Isoproturon Kinetics Methylurea Compounds - metabolism Micromycetes Phenylurea Compounds - metabolism Rhizoctonia solani Soil Microbiology Soil Pollutants - metabolism |
Title | Biodegradation of three substituted phenylurea herbicides (chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon) by soil fungi. A comparative study |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00318-9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8930105 https://search.proquest.com/docview/14436454 https://search.proquest.com/docview/15894769 |
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