Biodegradation of three substituted phenylurea herbicides (chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon) by soil fungi. A comparative study

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 33; no. 10; pp. 2045 - 2056
• Main Authors: Vroumsia, T., Steiman, R., Seigle-Murandi, F., Benoit-Guyod, J.-L., Khadrani, A., Groupe pour l'Étude du Devenir des Xénobiotiques dans l'Environnement (GEDEXE)
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.1996
• Subjects: Adsorption; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chlortoluron; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media; Diuron; Diuron - metabolism; Fungi; Fungi - metabolism; Herbicides - metabolism; Isoproturon; Kinetics; Methylurea Compounds - metabolism; Micromycetes; Phenylurea Compounds - metabolism; Rhizoctonia solani; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants - metabolism; Biodegradation; Fungi; Chlortoluron; Diuron; Micromycetes; Isoproturon
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00318-9

As a part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 90 strains of micromycetes, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with chlortoluron (100 mg.L −1), diuron (20 mg.L −1), and isoproturon (100 mg.L −1 ) for 5 days. Evaluation of the chemicals in the culture media was made by HPLC. Our results show a wide variation not only with taxonomic groups but also with the species, and with the tested chemicals. On the whole, 4, 7, and 11% of the strains depleted respectively chlortoluron, diuron, and isoproturon, at 50% or over. Rhizoctonia solani was the only strain that depleted each of the 3 substituted phenylureas over 70%, nevertheless, the growth of this fungus was slightly inhibited by diuron. The very fast desappearance of the chemicals from the culture media was only due to biotic phenomena, as no adsorption occurred on the fungal biomass. So, depletion translated a real biodegradation of the tested substrates.