Pueraria protein extract inhibits melanogenesis and promotes melanoma cell apoptosis through the regulation of MITF and mitochondrial‑related pathways
Radix ( Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the Radix water‑soluble total protein extra...
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| Published in | Molecular medicine reports Vol. 27; no. 3 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Greece
Spandidos Publications
01.03.2023
Spandidos Publications UK Ltd D.A. Spandidos |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1791-2997 1791-3004 1791-3004 |
| DOI | 10.3892/mmr.2023.12951 |
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| Abstract | Radix (
Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from
Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the
Radix water‑soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti‑melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‑related protein (TRP)‑1 and TRP‑2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria‑related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF‑related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria‑related pathways. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Radix (
Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from
Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the
Radix water‑soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti‑melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‑related protein (TRP)‑1 and TRP‑2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria‑related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF‑related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria‑related pathways. Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water-soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti-melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 through down-regulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria-related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF-related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria-related pathways. Key words: Pueraria Lobata protein, melanogenesis, microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water-soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti-melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria-related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF-related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria-related pathways. Pueraria Lobata Radix ( P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water-soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti-melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria-related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF-related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria-related pathways. Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water‑soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti‑melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‑related protein (TRP)‑1 and TRP‑2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria‑related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF‑related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria‑related pathways.Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water‑soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti‑melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‑related protein (TRP)‑1 and TRP‑2 through downregulation of the microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria‑related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF‑related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria‑related pathways. Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have become the subject of increased interest in recent years. In evaluating the whitening effect on the skin, the present study found that the P. Lobata Radix water-soluble total protein extract (PLP) had the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. In the present study, the anti-melanogenic effect of PLP and the inhibitory effect on B16 melanoma cells were investigated. PLP significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PLP inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 through down-regulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene, which was mediated by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, PLP inhibited cell viability and triggered apoptosis of B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to PLP reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased ATP generation, leading to mitochondria-related apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. The expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its two related subunits (SDHA and SDHB) were downregulated significantly by PLP, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism by PLP. These results may explain why MMP collapse and reduced ATP generation were observed in B16 melanoma cells treated with PLP. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the inhibition of melanin synthesis by PLP was correlated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes to reduce reactive oxygen species levels. These results suggested that PLP inhibits melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MITF-related melanogenic enzymes and triggering apoptosis through mitochondria-related pathways. |
| ArticleNumber | 64 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Wang, Jiawen Liu, Meichen Wang, Yue Zhao, Yuchu Yu, Shiting Chen, Jingjing Wang, Siming Chen, Yanyan |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China 2 College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – name: 2 College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yuchu surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Yuchu organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 2 givenname: Shiting surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Shiting organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yue surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yue organization: College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yanyan surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yanyan organization: College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 5 givenname: Jingjing surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jingjing organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 6 givenname: Jiawen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jiawen organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 7 givenname: Meichen surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Meichen organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China – sequence: 8 givenname: Siming surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Siming organization: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36734267$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtcms_2024_12_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2024_105356 crossref_primary_10_18632_aging_206054 |
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| Keywords | melanogenesis microphthalmia-associated transcription factor apoptosis Pueraria Lobata protein mitochondrial membrane potential |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Radix (
Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from
Radix have become the subject of increased... Pueraria Lobata Radix (P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have... Pueraria Lobata Radix ( P. Lobata Radix) is an edible traditional Chinese medicine that contains various active compounds. Proteins from P. Lobata Radix have... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenosine Triphosphate Amino acids Animals Apoptosis Beans Care and treatment Cell Line, Tumor Cell viability Cellular signal transduction Chemical properties Dehydrogenases Energy metabolism Ethanol Flavonoids Food safety Health aspects Legumes MAP kinase Materia medica, Vegetable Medicine, Chinese Melanin Melanins Melanoma Melanoma, Experimental - metabolism Membrane potential Mice Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor - genetics Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor - metabolism Mimosaceae Mitochondria Mitochondria - metabolism Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism Pharmacology, Experimental Plant extracts Proteins Pueraria Pueraria lobata Reactive oxygen species Reagents Safety standards Skin Succinate dehydrogenase Traditional Chinese medicine Transcription factors |
| Title | Pueraria protein extract inhibits melanogenesis and promotes melanoma cell apoptosis through the regulation of MITF and mitochondrial‑related pathways |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36734267 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2784196570 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2773115335 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9926868 |
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