Hyper-Binding: A Unique Age Effect
Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets....
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| Published in | Psychological science Vol. 21; no. 3; pp. 399 - 405 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.03.2010
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
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| Abstract | Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a I-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the I -back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the I-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. |
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| AbstractList | Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a 1-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the 1-back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the 1-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a 1-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the 1-back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the 1-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a 1-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the 1-back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the 1-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a I-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the I -back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the I-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. Previous work has shown that older adults encode lexical and semantic information about verbal distractors and use that information to facilitate performance on subsequent tasks. In this study, we investigated whether older adults also form associations between distractors and co-occurring targets. In two experiments, participants performed a 1-back task on pictures superimposed with irrelevant words; 10 min later, participants were given a paired-associates memory task without reference to the 1-back task. The study list included preserved and re-paired (disrupted) pairs from the 1-back task. Older adults showed a memory advantage for preserved pairs and a disadvantage for disrupted pairs, whereas younger adults performed similarly across pair types. These results suggest the existence of a hyper-binding phenomenon in which older adults encode seemingly extraneous co-occurrences in the environment and transfer this knowledge to subsequent tasks. This increased knowledge of how events covary may be the reason why real-world decision-making ability is retained, or even enhanced, with age. Adapted from the source document |
| Author | Campbell, Karen L. Thomas, Ruthann C. Hasher, Lynn |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 University of Toronto 2 The Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Keywords | inhibition attention binding aging associative memory |
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| References | Eriksen, Schultz 1979; 25 May 1999; 6 Lustig, Hasher, Tonev 2006; 13 Kim, Hasher, Zacks 2007; 14 Naveh-Benjamin, Brav, Levy 2007; 22 Naveh-Benjamin 2000; 26 Crocker 1981; 90 Watkins, Watkins 1975; 1 Snodgrass, Vanderwart 1980; 6 Anderson 1974; 6 Jonides, Lewis, Nee, Lustig, Berman, Moore 2008; 59 Treisman, Gelade 1980; 12 Gazzaley, Cooney, Rissman, D’Esposito 2005; 8 Logan, Etherton 1994; 20 Verhaeghen 2003; 18 Gigerenzer 2008; 3 Mattay, Fera, Tessitore, Hariri, Berman, Das 2006; 392 Rabbit 1965; 20 Chalfonte, Johnson 1996; 24 McKenzie 1994; 26 Rowe, Valderrama, Hasher, Lenartowicz 2006; 21 Masson, Loftus 2003; 57 Wühr, Frings 2008; 137 bibr3-0956797609359910 Healey M.K. (bibr10-0956797609359910) 2009 Snodgrass J.G. (bibr28-0956797609359910) 1980; 6 bibr25-0956797609359910 bibr16-0956797609359910 bibr12-0956797609359910 bibr7-0956797609359910 bibr29-0956797609359910 Shipley W.C. (bibr27-0956797609359910) 1946 Hogarth R.M. (bibr11-0956797609359910) 2005 Moscovitch M. (bibr20-0956797609359910) 1994 bibr2-0956797609359910 bibr32-0956797609359910 bibr6-0956797609359910 bibr24-0956797609359910 bibr15-0956797609359910 bibr14-0956797609359910 bibr19-0956797609359910 bibr22-0956797609359910 bibr1-0956797609359910 bibr23-0956797609359910 bibr31-0956797609359910 bibr18-0956797609359910 bibr5-0956797609359910 bibr9-0956797609359910 bibr21-0956797609359910 bibr4-0956797609359910 Sedlmeier P. (bibr26-0956797609359910) 2005 bibr17-0956797609359910 bibr30-0956797609359910 bibr8-0956797609359910 bibr13-0956797609359910 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Adult education Age Age differences Aged Ageing Aging Aging - psychology Association Learning Attention Cognition Comorbidity Computer memory Confidence interval Cues Decision making Distraction Experimental psychology Female Humans Inhibition, Psychological Male Memory Memory disorders Mental Recall Middle Aged Older adults Older people Pattern Recognition, Visual Reading Seller financing Semantics Studies Task performance Visual task performance Words Young Adult Young adults |
| Title | Hyper-Binding: A Unique Age Effect |
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