Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection

Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1–480 d after illne...

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Published inNature microbiology Vol. 7; no. 3; pp. 423 - 433
Main Authors Yang, Yang, Yang, Minghui, Peng, Yun, Liang, Yanhua, Wei, Jinli, Xing, Li, Guo, Liping, Li, Xiaohe, Li, Jie, Wang, Jun, Li, Mianhuan, Xu, Zhixiang, Zhang, Mingxia, Wang, Fuxiang, Shi, Yi, Yuan, Jing, Liu, Yingxia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
14/63
38/1
38/109
631/250/255/2514
631/326/596/4130
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antibody response
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 vaccines
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Immunoglobulin G - immunology
Immunoglobulin M - blood
Immunoglobulin M - immunology
Infections
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Male
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Pandemics
Parasitology
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vaccination
Virology
Young Adult
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1–480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400–480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330–480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections. A longitudinal analysis of the neutralizing antibody response dynamics in 214 COVID-19 convalescents up to 16 months after infection shows that despite substantial declines in antibody levels over time, they could still provide protection against circulating variants even after one year of infection in most individuals, although neutralizing activities were reduced, particularly against Beta, Delta and Mu SARS-CoV-2 variants.
AbstractList Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1–480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400–480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330–480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.A longitudinal analysis of the neutralizing antibody response dynamics in 214 COVID-19 convalescents up to 16 months after infection shows that despite substantial declines in antibody levels over time, they could still provide protection against circulating variants even after one year of infection in most individuals, although neutralizing activities were reduced, particularly against Beta, Delta and Mu SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.
Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1–480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400–480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330–480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections. A longitudinal analysis of the neutralizing antibody response dynamics in 214 COVID-19 convalescents up to 16 months after infection shows that despite substantial declines in antibody levels over time, they could still provide protection against circulating variants even after one year of infection in most individuals, although neutralizing activities were reduced, particularly against Beta, Delta and Mu SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.
Author Shi, Yi
Liu, Yingxia
Wang, Jun
Yang, Yang
Yang, Minghui
Xing, Li
Li, Mianhuan
Xu, Zhixiang
Zhang, Mingxia
Peng, Yun
Guo, Liping
Li, Xiaohe
Li, Jie
Liang, Yanhua
Wang, Fuxiang
Yuan, Jing
Wei, Jinli
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35132197$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2022
2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2022.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2022
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Snippet Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the...
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crossref
springer
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SubjectTerms 14/63
38/1
38/109
631/250/255/2514
631/326/596/4130
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antibody response
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 vaccines
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Immunoglobulin G - immunology
Immunoglobulin M - blood
Immunoglobulin M - immunology
Infections
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Male
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Pandemics
Parasitology
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Vaccination
Virology
Young Adult
Title Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35132197
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2635332648
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2626893297
Volume 7
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