Estimation of evaporation from the Dead Sea
A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. As part of this study, a method to estimate evaporation from the Dead Sea is required as it is a hypersaline lake in which standard methods cannot be applied. Two methods based on Penman and Dalton formulae were...
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| Published in | Hydrological processes Vol. 13; no. 17; pp. 2743 - 2750 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
15.12.1999
Wiley |
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| Abstract | A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. As part of this study, a method to estimate evaporation from the Dead Sea is required as it is a hypersaline lake in which standard methods cannot be applied. Two methods based on Penman and Dalton formulae were examined. The method derived here is a modified Penman model that estimates the evaporation as a function of salinity, humidity, air temperature and wind speed. Other parameters such as water temperature are included implicitly in the model. The results obtained were verified as satisfactory agreement was achieved by comparison with previous measurements. A short‐cut relationship to estimate evaporation as a function of salinity only was also derived. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| AbstractList | A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. As part of this study, a method to estimate evaporation from the Dead Sea is required as it is a hypersaline lake in which standard methods cannot be applied. Two methods based on Penman and Dalton formulae were examined. The method derived here is a modified Penman model that estimates the evaporation as a function of salinity, humidity, air temperature and wind speed. Other parameters such as water temperature are included implicitly in the model. The results obtained were verified as satisfactory agreement was achieved by comparison with previous measurements. A short-cut relationship to estimate evaporation as a function of salinity only was also derived. A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. As part of this study, a method to estimate evaporation from the Dead Sea is required as it is a hypersaline lake in which standard methods cannot be applied. Two methods based on Penman and Dalton formulae were examined. The method derived here is a modified Penman model that estimates the evaporation as a function of salinity, humidity, air temperature and wind speed. Other parameters such as water temperature are included implicitly in the model. The results obtained were verified as satisfactory agreement was achieved by comparison with previous measurements. A short‐cut relationship to estimate evaporation as a function of salinity only was also derived. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Asmar, B. N. Ergenzinger, Peter |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: B. N. surname: Asmar fullname: Asmar, B. N. email: ecxbna@unix.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk organization: Berlin Environmental Research Group, Fachbereich Geowissenshaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter surname: Ergenzinger fullname: Ergenzinger, Peter organization: Berlin Environmental Research Group, Fachbereich Geowissenshaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/978-94-017-1497-6 10.1080/02626668409490924 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90104-3 10.1002/joc.3370100508 10.1029/WR021i009p01336 10.1016/0016-7185(74)90132-8 10.1002/joc.3370140409 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90102-X 10.1007/BF00864046 10.1007/BF02423428 10.1126/science.206.4414.55 10.1007/BF02263460 10.1016/0038-092X(94)90129-P 10.4319/lo.1985.30.3.0451 10.4319/lo.1989.34.7.1224 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90181-6 10.1029/WR023i009p01769 10.1007/BF00652545 10.1002/joc.3370070305 |
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| Keywords | salinity canals salt lakes projects mathematical models Red Sea air velocity water Asia winds regression temperature humidity evaporation |
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'The Dead Sea level changes', Isr. J. Earth Sci., 39, 50-51. Perry, R. H. and Green, D. 1984. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, Singapore. Steinhorn, I., Assaf, G., Gat, J. R., Nishri, A., Nissenbaum, A., and Stiller, M. 1979. 'The Dead Sea: deepening of the mixolimnion signifies the overture to overturn of the water column', Science, 206, 55-57. Steinhorn, I. 1985. 'The disappearance of the long-term meromictic stratification of the Dead Sea', Limnol. Oceanogr., 30, 451-472. Segal, M., Mahrer, Y., and Pielke, R. A. 1984. 'On the meteorological patterns in the Dead Sea area during advective sharav situations', Isr. J. Earth Sci., 33, 76-83. Bitan, A. 1977. 'The influence of the special shape of the Dead Sea and its environment on the local wind system', Arch. Metreol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B, 24, 283-301. Gavrieli, I., Starinsky, A., and Bein, A. 1989. 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| References_xml | – year: 1985 – volume: 10 start-page: 519 year: 1990 end-page: 536 article-title: Changes in the surface temperature of the Dead Sea and its heat storage publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. – volume: 71 start-page: 377 year: 1984 end-page: 389 article-title: Tritium in the Dead Sea publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. – volume: 153 start-page: 265 year: 1985 end-page: 276 article-title: A daily simulation model for evaluation future Dead Sea levels publication-title: Scientific Basis for Water Resources Management (Proceedings of the Jerusalem Symposium September 1985) – volume: 14 start-page: 465 year: 1994 end-page: 471 article-title: Changes in the rate of evaporation from the Dead Sea publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. – volume: 24 start-page: 283 year: 1977 end-page: 301 article-title: The influence of the special shape of the Dead Sea and its environment on the local wind system publication-title: Arch. Metreol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B – year: 1996 – volume: 29 start-page: 191 year: 1980 end-page: 196 article-title: The density of Dead Sea water as a function of temperature and salt concentration publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – volume: 29 start-page: 89 year: 1984 end-page: 97 article-title: Evaporation from saline lakes: a combination equation approach publication-title: Hydrol. Sci. J. – volume: 53 start-page: 497 year: 1994 end-page: 503 article-title: Evaluation of saturation vapour pressure over hypersaline water bodies at the southern edge of the Dead Sea—Jordan publication-title: Solar Energy – volume: 23 start-page: 1769 year: 1987 end-page: 1774 article-title: The alpha, beta, gamma of evaporation from saline water bodies publication-title: Wat. Resour. Res. – volume: 33 start-page: 76 year: 1984 end-page: 83 article-title: On the meteorological patterns in the Dead Sea area during advective sharav situations publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – year: 1986 – year: 1984 – year: 1982 – volume: 34 start-page: 1224 year: 1989 end-page: 1234 article-title: The solubility of halite as a function of temperature in highly saline Dead Sea brine systems publication-title: Limnology and Oceanography – volume: 21 start-page: 1336 year: 1985 end-page: 1344 article-title: Effect of salinity and ionic composition on evaporation, analysis of Dead Sea evaporation ponds publication-title: Wat. Resour. Res. – volume: 39 start-page: 50 year: 1990 end-page: 51 article-title: The Dead Sea level changes publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – volume: 84 start-page: 109 year: 1987 end-page: 121 article-title: Changes in the thermo‐halite structure of the Dead Sea: 1979–1984 publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. – volume: 35 start-page: 207 year: 1986 end-page: 209 article-title: How sluggish are the waters of the Dead Sea publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – volume: 206 start-page: 55 year: 1979 end-page: 57 article-title: The Dead Sea: deepening of the mixolimnion signifies the overture to overturn of the water column publication-title: Science – volume: 52 start-page: 231 year: 1995 end-page: 240 article-title: Effect of salinity upon evaporation from pans and shallow lakes near the Dead Sea publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol. – volume: 39 start-page: 49 year: 1990 end-page: 50 article-title: The Dead Sea changes publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – volume: 7 start-page: 247 year: 1987 end-page: 265 article-title: The radiation climate of the Dead Sea publication-title: J. Climatol. – volume: 5 start-page: 73 year: 1983 end-page: 83 article-title: On climatic changes due to a deliberate flooding of the Qattara depression (Egypt) publication-title: Climatic Change – volume: 71 start-page: 356 year: 1984 end-page: 360 article-title: Near bottom temperature anomalies in the Dead Sea publication-title: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. – volume: 19 start-page: 1199 year: 1990 end-page: 1210 article-title: Thermochemistry of natural hypersaline water‐systems using the Dead Sea as a case publication-title: J. Solut. Chem. – volume: 18 start-page: 101 year: 1969 end-page: 108 article-title: Evaporation from Lake Tiberias: an estimate by the combined water balance‐mass transfer approach publication-title: Isr. J. Earth Sci. – volume: 6 start-page: 39 year: 1974 end-page: 48 article-title: Climatological aspects in locating settlements in arid regions publication-title: Geoforum – volume: 30 start-page: 451 year: 1985 end-page: 472 article-title: The disappearance of the long‐term meromictic stratification of the Dead Sea publication-title: Limnol. 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| SubjectTerms | Dalton model Dead Sea evaporation Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Marine geology Penman model regression saline lake |
| Title | Estimation of evaporation from the Dead Sea |
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