Saxitoxin Group Toxins Accumulation Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tissues of Mytilus chilensis , Ameghinomya antiqua , and Concholepas concholepas during a Bloom of Alexandrium pacificum

Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxida...

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Published inAntioxidants Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 392
Main Authors Oyaneder-Terrazas, Javiera, Figueroa, Diego, Araneda, Oscar F, García, Carlos
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 15.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Alexandrium pacificum
Algal blooms
Ameghinomya antiqua
antioxidant defenses
Antioxidants
Bioaccumulation
Bioconversion
bivalves
Bivalvia
Catalase
Concholepas concholepas
Enzymes
gastropods
Glutathione peroxidase
Marine organisms
Microorganisms
Mollusks
Mytilus chilensis
Oxidative stress
Saxitoxin
Seafood
Shellfish
Superoxide dismutase
Toxicity
Toxins
Water quality
Canada
Chile
United States > US
Germany
antioxidant defenses
gastropods
saxitoxin
bivalves
oxidative stress
Alexandrium pacificum
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Abstract Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves and , and the gastropod during a bloom of . The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage ( < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
AbstractList Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves and , and the gastropod during a bloom of . The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage ( < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua, and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage (p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua, and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage (p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua, and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage (p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua , and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum . The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage ( p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
Author Araneda, Oscar F
García, Carlos
Figueroa, Diego
Oyaneder-Terrazas, Javiera
AuthorAffiliation 2 Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile; ofaraneda@miuandes.cl
1 Laboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; javiera.oyaneder@usach.cl (J.O.-T.); d.figueroa@cienciavida.org (D.F.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2023_115854
crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox12111901
crossref_primary_10_3390_md20100624
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Issue 2
Keywords antioxidant defenses
gastropods
saxitoxin
bivalves
oxidative stress
Alexandrium pacificum
Language English
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Snippet Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms...
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StartPage 392
SubjectTerms Alexandrium pacificum
Algal blooms
Ameghinomya antiqua
antioxidant defenses
Antioxidants
Bioaccumulation
Bioconversion
bivalves
Bivalvia
Catalase
Concholepas concholepas
Enzymes
gastropods
Glutathione peroxidase
Marine organisms
Microorganisms
Mollusks
Mytilus chilensis
Oxidative stress
Saxitoxin
Seafood
Shellfish
Superoxide dismutase
Toxicity
Toxins
Water quality
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Title Saxitoxin Group Toxins Accumulation Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tissues of Mytilus chilensis , Ameghinomya antiqua , and Concholepas concholepas during a Bloom of Alexandrium pacificum
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204273
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2632199199
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2633889429
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8869173
https://doaj.org/article/399bcc66e28446cca6ee690ef34e86d9
Volume 11
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