Venom Ophthalmia and Ocular Complications Caused by Snake Venom

Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical in...

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Published inToxins Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 576
Main Authors Chang, Kun-Che, Huang, Yu-Kai, Chen, Yen-Wen, Chen, Min-Hui, Tu, Anthony T., Chen, Yen-Chia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 08.09.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Animal behavior
Case reports
Composition effects
Cornea
corneal edema
Drinking water
Edema
First aid
Glaucoma
Hemorrhage
Injection
Literature reviews
nuchal gland
Ophthalmia
Pain
retinal hemorrhage
Review
snake venom
snakebite
Snakes
spitting venom
Venom
Asia
United States > US
Africa
Taiwan
India
retinal hemorrhage
snake venom
nuchal gland
spitting venom
corneal edema
snakebite
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Abstract Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy’s gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.
AbstractList Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy's gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.
Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy's gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy's gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.
Author Chang, Kun-Che
Huang, Yu-Kai
Tu, Anthony T.
Chen, Yen-Wen
Chen, Yen-Chia
Chen, Min-Hui
AuthorAffiliation 4 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
5 Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
6 Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; albert6369@gmail.com
12 National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
7 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
8 Enkang Clinic, New Taipei 23144, Taiwan; chen.minhui@gmail.com
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
1 Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; kunche@stanford.edu
11 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
3 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical Universi
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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– name: 3 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; yukaih@gmail.com
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– name: 7 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
– name: 6 Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; albert6369@gmail.com
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Keywords retinal hemorrhage
snake venom
nuchal gland
spitting venom
corneal edema
snakebite
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom...
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pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
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StartPage 576
SubjectTerms Animal behavior
Case reports
Composition effects
Cornea
corneal edema
Drinking water
Edema
First aid
Glaucoma
Hemorrhage
Injection
Literature reviews
nuchal gland
Ophthalmia
Pain
retinal hemorrhage
Review
snake venom
snakebite
Snakes
spitting venom
Venom
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Title Venom Ophthalmia and Ocular Complications Caused by Snake Venom
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911777
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2441929910
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2441610679
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7551025
https://doaj.org/article/7b217a240cf2492db6bca22e36ae31f7
Volume 12
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