Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
In four prospective cohort studies, obese adults who were overweight or obese in childhood had increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Those who were overweight or obese as children but not as adults had risks similar to the risks among those who were never obese. During the past three decad...
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| Published in | The New England journal of medicine Vol. 365; no. 20; pp. 1876 - 1885 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Waltham, MA
Massachusetts Medical Society
17.11.2011
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In four prospective cohort studies, obese adults who were overweight or obese in childhood had increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Those who were overweight or obese as children but not as adults had risks similar to the risks among those who were never obese.
During the past three decades, the prevalences of overweight and obesity in the pediatric population have increased substantially.
1
Childhood obesity is a predictor of an increased rate of death, owing primarily to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
2
–
4
Forecasts suggest that the “obesity epidemic” may reverse the current trend of the declining rate of death from cardiovascular causes,
5
leading to a shorter lifespan for today's children.
6
There is substantial evidence that the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease is explained by the adverse cardiovascular risk-factor profile that is frequently seen in obese adults. This profile includes increased rates of . . . |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.BACKGROUNDObesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.We analyzed data from four prospective cohort studies that measured childhood and adult body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). The mean length of follow-up was 23 years. To define high adiposity status, international age-specific and sex-specific BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity were used for children, and a BMI cutoff point of 30 was used for adults.METHODSWe analyzed data from four prospective cohort studies that measured childhood and adult body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). The mean length of follow-up was 23 years. To define high adiposity status, international age-specific and sex-specific BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity were used for children, and a BMI cutoff point of 30 was used for adults.Data were available for 6328 subjects. Subjects with consistently high adiposity status from childhood to adulthood, as compared with persons who had a normal BMI as children and were nonobese as adults, had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5), hypertension (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5), elevated triglyceride levels (relative risk, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.8), and carotid-artery atherosclerosis (increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery) (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) (P ≤ 0.002 for all comparisons). Persons who were overweight or obese during childhood but were nonobese as adults had risks of the outcomes that were similar to those of persons who had a normal BMI consistently from childhood to adulthood (P>0.20 for all comparisons).RESULTSData were available for 6328 subjects. Subjects with consistently high adiposity status from childhood to adulthood, as compared with persons who had a normal BMI as children and were nonobese as adults, had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5), hypertension (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5), elevated triglyceride levels (relative risk, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.8), and carotid-artery atherosclerosis (increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery) (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) (P ≤ 0.002 for all comparisons). Persons who were overweight or obese during childhood but were nonobese as adults had risks of the outcomes that were similar to those of persons who had a normal BMI consistently from childhood to adulthood (P>0.20 for all comparisons).Overweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.).CONCLUSIONSOverweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.). Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults. We analyzed data from four prospective cohort studies that measured childhood and adult body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). The mean length of follow-up was 23 years. To define high adiposity status, international age-specific and sex-specific BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity were used for children, and a BMI cutoff point of 30 was used for adults. Data were available for 6328 subjects. Subjects with consistently high adiposity status from childhood to adulthood, as compared with persons who had a normal BMI as children and were nonobese as adults, had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5), hypertension (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5), elevated triglyceride levels (relative risk, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.8), and carotid-artery atherosclerosis (increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery) (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) (P ≤ 0.002 for all comparisons). Persons who were overweight or obese during childhood but were nonobese as adults had risks of the outcomes that were similar to those of persons who had a normal BMI consistently from childhood to adulthood (P>0.20 for all comparisons). Overweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.). BackgroundObesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not obese as adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from four prospective cohort studies that measured childhood and adult body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). The mean length of follow-up was 23 years. To define high adiposity status, international age-specific and sex-specific BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity were used for children, and a BMI cutoff point of 30 was used for adults.ResultsData were available for 6328 subjects. Subjects with consistently high adiposity status from childhood to adulthood, as compared with persons who had a normal BMI as children and were nonobese as adults, had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5), hypertension (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.3), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5), elevated triglyceride levels (relative risk, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.8), and carotid-artery atherosclerosis (increased intima–media thickness of the carotid artery) (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.2) (P≤0.002 for all comparisons). Persons who were overweight or obese during childhood but were nonobese as adults had risks of the outcomes that were similar to those of persons who had a normal BMI consistently from childhood to adulthood (P>0.20 for all comparisons).ConclusionsOverweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese. (Funded by the Academy of Finland and others.) In four prospective cohort studies, obese adults who were overweight or obese in childhood had increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Those who were overweight or obese as children but not as adults had risks similar to the risks among those who were never obese. During the past three decades, the prevalences of overweight and obesity in the pediatric population have increased substantially. 1 Childhood obesity is a predictor of an increased rate of death, owing primarily to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 2 – 4 Forecasts suggest that the “obesity epidemic” may reverse the current trend of the declining rate of death from cardiovascular causes, 5 leading to a shorter lifespan for today's children. 6 There is substantial evidence that the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease is explained by the adverse cardiovascular risk-factor profile that is frequently seen in obese adults. This profile includes increased rates of . . . |
| Author | Sabin, Matthew A Berenson, Gerald S Juonala, Markus Burns, Trudy L Venn, Alison Chen, Wei Magnussen, Costan G Cheung, Michael Srinivasan, Sathanur R Davis, Patricia H Sun, Cong Viikari, Jorma S.A Raitakari, Olli T Dwyer, Terence Daniels, Stephen R |
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| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24771548$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087679$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | NEJMAG |
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| Snippet | In four prospective cohort studies, obese adults who were overweight or obese in childhood had increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Those who were... Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese... BackgroundObesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adipose tissue Adolescent Adult Age Age Factors Arteriosclerosis Biological and medical sciences Body Mass Index Body weight Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Carotid Arteries - pathology Carotid artery Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Cholesterol Cohort Studies Data processing Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Dyslipidemia Epidemiology Female General aspects Humans Hypercholesterolemia - etiology Hypertension Hypertension - etiology Hypertriglyceridemia - etiology Male Medical sciences Obesity Obesity - classification Obesity - complications Overweight Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk Factors Veins & arteries |
| Title | Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
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