Evidence of nicotine replacement's effectiveness dissolves when meta-regression accommodates multiple sources of bias

Abstract Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design and Setting Meta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials. Results...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of clinical epidemiology Vol. 79; pp. 41 - 45
Main Authors Stanley, T.D, Massey, Shelby
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2016
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Abstract Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design and Setting Meta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials. Results Both identified risks of bias and potential publication (or reporting or small sample) bias are associated with an increase in the reported effectiveness of NRT. Whenever multiple sources of biases are accommodated by meta-regression, no evidence of a practically notable or statistically significant overall increased rate of smoking cessation remains. Our findings are in stark contrast with the 50% to 70% increase in smoking cessation reported by the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. Conclusion After more than 100 randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the overall effectiveness of NRT is in doubt. Simple, well-established meta-regression methods can test, accommodate, and correct multiple sources biases, often mentioned but dismissed by conventional systematic reviews.
AbstractList To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Meta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials. Both identified risks of bias and potential publication (or reporting or small sample) bias are associated with an increase in the reported effectiveness of NRT. Whenever multiple sources of biases are accommodated by meta-regression, no evidence of a practically notable or statistically significant overall increased rate of smoking cessation remains. Our findings are in stark contrast with the 50% to 70% increase in smoking cessation reported by the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. After more than 100 randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the overall effectiveness of NRT is in doubt. Simple, well-established meta-regression methods can test, accommodate, and correct multiple sources biases, often mentioned but dismissed by conventional systematic reviews.
Abstract Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design and Setting Meta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials. Results Both identified risks of bias and potential publication (or reporting or small sample) bias are associated with an increase in the reported effectiveness of NRT. Whenever multiple sources of biases are accommodated by meta-regression, no evidence of a practically notable or statistically significant overall increased rate of smoking cessation remains. Our findings are in stark contrast with the 50% to 70% increase in smoking cessation reported by the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. Conclusion After more than 100 randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the overall effectiveness of NRT is in doubt. Simple, well-established meta-regression methods can test, accommodate, and correct multiple sources biases, often mentioned but dismissed by conventional systematic reviews.
Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design and Setting Meta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials. Results Both identified risks of bias and potential publication (or reporting or small sample) bias are associated with an increase in the reported effectiveness of NRT. Whenever multiple sources of biases are accommodated by meta-regression, no evidence of a practically notable or statistically significant overall increased rate of smoking cessation remains. Our findings are in stark contrast with the 50% to 70% increase in smoking cessation reported by the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. Conclusion After more than 100 randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the overall effectiveness of NRT is in doubt. Simple, well-established meta-regression methods can test, accommodate, and correct multiple sources biases, often mentioned but dismissed by conventional systematic reviews.
OBJECTIVESTo accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGMeta-regression analysis of a published Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of 122 placebo-controlled clinical trials.RESULTSBoth identified risks of bias and potential publication (or reporting or small sample) bias are associated with an increase in the reported effectiveness of NRT. Whenever multiple sources of biases are accommodated by meta-regression, no evidence of a practically notable or statistically significant overall increased rate of smoking cessation remains. Our findings are in stark contrast with the 50% to 70% increase in smoking cessation reported by the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review.CONCLUSIONAfter more than 100 randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the overall effectiveness of NRT is in doubt. Simple, well-established meta-regression methods can test, accommodate, and correct multiple sources biases, often mentioned but dismissed by conventional systematic reviews.
Author Massey, Shelby
Stanley, T.D
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Stanley, T.D
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Massey, Shelby
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27079846$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNks1u1TAQhS1URG8Lr1BFYgGbBP_H2SBQVShSJRbA2nKcMTgk9sVOLurb4-i2ReoGViN7vjmjmTNn6CTEAAhdENwQTOSbsRnt5APsfUPLu8GswZQ_QTuiWlWLjpITtMOqEzVnQp6is5xHjEmLW_EMndISO8XlDq1XBz9AsFBFVwVv41JEqwT7yViYISyvcgXOgV38AQLkXA0-5zgdIFe_f0CoZlhMneB7KjkfQ2WsjfMcB7MUYl6nxe8nqHJcky0fpUnvTX6OnjozZXhxF8_Rtw9XXy-v65vPHz9dvr-pLVd8qaUgDMseqKQgMHbQKWqsJFLQobWtE71wrmeE9V07AFXKYQmSGeg4GVol2Dl6fdTdp_hrhbzo2WcL02QCxDVrooQom6Cc_AdKpZQt57ygLx-hYxkvlEEKJduu68pyCyWPlE0x5wRO75OfTbrVBOvNQz3qew_15qHGTBcPS-HFnfzazzA8lN2bVoB3RwDK6g4eks7Wbx4OPhWj9BD9v3u8fSSxUd6a6SfcQv47j85UY_1lu6TtkIhkuJwQZn8AdovIgw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_jrsm_1544
crossref_primary_10_1093_phe_phw027
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000011807
crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_7228
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_09_005
crossref_primary_10_12968_denu_2018_45_4_298
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12529_018_9735_y
crossref_primary_10_1124_pr_119_018028
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yrtph_2017_06_009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_08_013
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44155_023_00043_3
crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCRESAHA_117_311849
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_06_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_06_007
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_019_3645_4
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.06.020
10.1198/tast.2009.08205
10.1002/jrsm.1095
10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00723.x
10.1186/1471-2288-9-2
10.1111/jeea.12133
10.1007/s10290-010-0050-1
10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
10.1001/jama.291.10.1238
10.1002/sim.6481
10.1136/bmj.d5928
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Elsevier Inc.
2016 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright Elsevier Limited Nov 01, 2016
Copyright_xml – notice: Elsevier Inc.
– notice: 2016 Elsevier Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
– notice: Copyright Elsevier Limited Nov 01, 2016
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7QL
7QP
7RV
7T2
7T7
7TK
7U7
7U9
7X7
7XB
88C
88E
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
H94
K9.
KB0
M0S
M0T
M1P
M2O
M7N
MBDVC
NAPCQ
P64
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
Q9U
7X8
7U2
DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Neurosciences Abstracts
Toxicology Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
Research Library Prep
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Health Management Database (Proquest)
Medical Database
Research Library
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Research Library (Corporate)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
Safety Science and Risk
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Research Database
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Research Library
Health & Safety Science Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Public Health
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Central Basic
Toxicology Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Health Management
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Health Management (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
Safety Science and Risk
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE

Research Library Prep
MEDLINE - Academic
Health & Safety Science Abstracts

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1878-5921
EndPage 45
ExternalDocumentID 4313670081
10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_03_024
27079846
S0895435616300750
1_s2_0_S0895435616300750
Genre Meta-Analysis
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
-~X
.1-
.55
.FO
.GJ
.~1
0R~
0SF
1B1
1P~
1RT
1~.
1~5
29K
3V.
4.4
457
4CK
4G.
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
7-5
71M
7RV
7X7
88E
8AO
8C1
8FI
8FJ
8G5
8P~
9JM
9JO
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFJI
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAWTL
AAXKI
AAXUO
AAYJJ
ABBQC
ABFNM
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABMMH
ABMZM
ABOCM
ABUWG
ABXDB
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACIUM
ACPRK
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADMUD
AEBSH
AEKER
AENEX
AEVXI
AFCTW
AFFNX
AFJKZ
AFKRA
AFKWA
AFRAH
AFRHN
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AHMBA
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJOXV
AJRQY
AJUYK
AKRWK
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ANZVX
AOMHK
AQUVI
ASPBG
AVARZ
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
AZQEC
BENPR
BKEYQ
BKOJK
BLXMC
BNPGV
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CS3
D-I
DU5
DWQXO
EBS
EFJIC
EJD
EMOBN
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
EX3
F3I
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
FYUFA
G-2
G-Q
GBLVA
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HEH
HMK
HMO
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
KOM
L7B
M0T
M1P
M29
M2O
M3W
M41
MO0
N9A
NAPCQ
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OD~
OHT
OO0
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PQQKQ
PRBVW
PROAC
PSQYO
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SAE
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SEL
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSB
SSH
SSO
SSZ
SV3
T5K
UAP
WOW
WUQ
X7M
XPP
YHZ
Z5R
ZGI
~G-
AAIAV
ABLVK
ABYKQ
AHPSJ
AJBFU
AKYCK
EFLBG
HMCUK
LCYCR
UKHRP
ZA5
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
ACRPL
ADNMO
CITATION
7QL
7QP
7T2
7T7
7TK
7U7
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
C1K
FR3
H94
K9.
M7N
MBDVC
P64
PQEST
PQUKI
Q9U
7X8
7U2
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-651306be262e500fe982ac61652d7c7f5b5ffb313b97de288f06e63ae941d7853
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 0895-4356
IngestDate Wed Dec 04 05:01:57 EST 2024
Wed Dec 04 08:12:45 EST 2024
Mon Nov 25 05:12:17 EST 2024
Fri Dec 06 01:59:57 EST 2024
Wed Oct 16 01:00:26 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:32:17 EST 2024
Tue Oct 15 22:55:49 EDT 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Meta-regression
Egger regression
Publication bias
Precision-effect test
Risks of bias
Nicotine replacement therapy
Language English
License Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c484t-651306be262e500fe982ac61652d7c7f5b5ffb313b97de288f06e63ae941d7853
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 23
ObjectType-Undefined-3
ObjectType-Article-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
PMID 27079846
PQID 1867999798
PQPubID 105585
PageCount 5
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1855079241
proquest_miscellaneous_1826667444
proquest_journals_1867999798
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_03_024
pubmed_primary_27079846
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2016_03_024
elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S0895435616300750
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2016-11-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2016-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2016
  text: 2016-11-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: Elmsford
PublicationTitle Journal of clinical epidemiology
PublicationTitleAlternate J Clin Epidemiol
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Elsevier Limited
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
– name: Elsevier Limited
References Doucouliagos, Stanley (bib5) 2009; 47
Moreno, Sutton, Ades, Stanley, Abrams, Peters (bib13) 2009; 9
Higgins, Altman, Gøtzsche, Jüni, Moher, Oxman (bib4) 2011; 343
Stanley, Doucouliagos (bib16) 2015; 34
Egger, Smith, Scheider, Minder (bib6) 1997; 316
Stanley, Doucouliagos (bib9) 2012
Stanley TD, Doucouliagos H. Better than random: weighted least squares meta-regression analysis. Res Synth Methods, in press.
Mokdad, Marks, Stroup, Gerberding (bib1) 2004; 291
(bib2) 2013
Stanley (bib8) 2008; 70
Stead, Perera, Bullen, Mant, Hartmann-Boyce, Cahill (bib3) 2012
Havranek (bib7) 2015; 13
Stanley, Doucouliagos (bib10) 2014; 5
Havranek (bib11) 2010; 146
Redmond, von Elm, Blümle, Gengler, Gsponer, Egger (bib12) 2013; 66
Stanley, Jarrell, Doucouliagos (bib14) 2010; 64
27353054 - J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Nov;79:169-170
27373197 - J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Nov;79:168-169
(10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib2) 2013
Stanley (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib16) 2015; 34
Stanley (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib9) 2012
Mokdad (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib1) 2004; 291
Havranek (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib7) 2015; 13
Stanley (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib14) 2010; 64
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib15
Doucouliagos (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib5) 2009; 47
Moreno (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib13) 2009; 9
Stanley (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib8) 2008; 70
Higgins (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib4) 2011; 343
Havranek (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib11) 2010; 146
Stead (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib3) 2012
Egger (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib6) 1997; 316
Stanley (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib10) 2014; 5
Redmond (10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib12) 2013; 66
References_xml – volume: 5
  start-page: 60
  year: 2014
  end-page: 78
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Meta-regression approximations to reduce publication selection bias
  publication-title: Res Synth Methods
  contributor:
    fullname: Doucouliagos
– volume: 64
  start-page: 70
  year: 2010
  end-page: 77
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Could it be better to discard 90% of the data? A statistical paradox
  publication-title: Am Stat
  contributor:
    fullname: Doucouliagos
– volume: 47
  start-page: 406
  year: 2009
  end-page: 428
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Publication selection bias in minimum-wage research? A meta-regression analysis
  publication-title: Brit J Ind Relat
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Assessment of regression-based methods to adjust for publication bias through a comprehensive simulation study
  publication-title: BMC Med Res Methodol
  contributor:
    fullname: Peters
– year: 2013
  ident: bib2
  article-title: WHO model list of essential medicines, 18th list
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1180
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1204
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Measuring intertemporal substitution: the importance of method choices and selective reporting
  publication-title: J Eur Econ Assoc
  contributor:
    fullname: Havranek
– volume: 343
  start-page: d5928
  year: 2011
  ident: bib4
  article-title: The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
  publication-title: BMJ
  contributor:
    fullname: Oxman
– start-page: CD000146
  year: 2012
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Cahill
– volume: 70
  start-page: 103
  year: 2008
  end-page: 127
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Meta-regression methods for detecting and estimating empirical effect in the presence of publication selection
  publication-title: Oxford B Econ Stat
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 146
  start-page: 241
  year: 2010
  end-page: 261
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Rose effect and the euro: is the magic gone?
  publication-title: R World Econ
  contributor:
    fullname: Havranek
– volume: 316
  start-page: 629
  year: 1997
  end-page: 634
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
  publication-title: BMJ
  contributor:
    fullname: Minder
– year: 2012
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Meta-regression analysis in economics and business
  contributor:
    fullname: Doucouliagos
– volume: 34
  start-page: 2116
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2127
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Neither fixed nor random: weighted least squares meta-analysis
  publication-title: Stat Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Doucouliagos
– volume: 291
  start-page: 1238
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1245
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000
  publication-title: JAMA
  contributor:
    fullname: Gerberding
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1367
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1375
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Cohort study of trials submitted to ethics committee identified discrepant reporting of outcomes in publications
  publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Egger
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1367
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib12
  article-title: Cohort study of trials submitted to ethics committee identified discrepant reporting of outcomes in publications
  publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.06.020
  contributor:
    fullname: Redmond
– volume: 64
  start-page: 70
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib14
  article-title: Could it be better to discard 90% of the data? A statistical paradox
  publication-title: Am Stat
  doi: 10.1198/tast.2009.08205
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 5
  start-page: 60
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib10
  article-title: Meta-regression approximations to reduce publication selection bias
  publication-title: Res Synth Methods
  doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1095
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 47
  start-page: 406
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib5
  article-title: Publication selection bias in minimum-wage research? A meta-regression analysis
  publication-title: Brit J Ind Relat
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00723.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Doucouliagos
– start-page: CD000146
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib3
  article-title: Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: Stead
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib13
  article-title: Assessment of regression-based methods to adjust for publication bias through a comprehensive simulation study
  publication-title: BMC Med Res Methodol
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-9-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Moreno
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1180
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib7
  article-title: Measuring intertemporal substitution: the importance of method choices and selective reporting
  publication-title: J Eur Econ Assoc
  doi: 10.1111/jeea.12133
  contributor:
    fullname: Havranek
– volume: 146
  start-page: 241
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib11
  article-title: Rose effect and the euro: is the magic gone?
  publication-title: R World Econ
  doi: 10.1007/s10290-010-0050-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Havranek
– volume: 316
  start-page: 629
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib6
  article-title: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
  contributor:
    fullname: Egger
– ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib15
– volume: 291
  start-page: 1238
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib1
  article-title: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.291.10.1238
  contributor:
    fullname: Mokdad
– year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib2
– year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib9
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 70
  start-page: 103
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib8
  article-title: Meta-regression methods for detecting and estimating empirical effect in the presence of publication selection
  publication-title: Oxford B Econ Stat
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 34
  start-page: 2116
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib16
  article-title: Neither fixed nor random: weighted least squares meta-analysis
  publication-title: Stat Med
  doi: 10.1002/sim.6481
  contributor:
    fullname: Stanley
– volume: 343
  start-page: d5928
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024_bib4
  article-title: The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5928
  contributor:
    fullname: Higgins
SSID ssj0017075
Score 2.336589
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Abstract Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design...
To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Meta-regression analysis of a...
Objectives To accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Study Design and Setting...
OBJECTIVESTo accommodate and correct identifiable bias and risks of bias among clinical trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).STUDY DESIGN AND...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 41
SubjectTerms Bias
Clinical trials
Collaboration
Egger regression
Epidemiology
Humans
Internal Medicine
Meta-regression
Nicotine
Nicotine replacement therapy
Precision-effect test
Publication bias
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Regression analysis
Risks of bias
Smoking cessation
Smoking Cessation - methods
Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data
Studies
Tobacco Use Cessation Products - statistics & numerical data
Treatment Outcome
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Public Health Database
  dbid: 8C1
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3da9UwFA86QXyR-d1tSgTBp7omTdL0ScZwDGG-6GBvIWlOdZetvd726r-_nKape9l8bVMS8kvO-fV8EvIBWbqcugbUTOfCSpe7Qvm8YQ7Q7q-sxATns2_q9Fx8vZAXs8FtmMMqk0ycBLXvG7SRH2LhtUBmqlp_Xv_OsWsUelfnFhoPySOGig4zxY-XEA9WxUK7ha5lHmiBupUhvPq0wtRDWF9ieJeaCp1ycZdyuot8TkroZJc8ndkjPYpwPyMPoHtOHp_N_vEXZJuahNK-pV0AeQyP6QamyCu0A34caIzgmIUcRX98f_UHBvr3F3T0Gkabb-BnjI7tqG3C7lz3aBYYaAo-pNHiP-Ak7tIOL8n5yZcfx6f53Fghb4QWY65k0FzKAVccZFG0UGtuG8WU5L5qqlY62bauZKWrKw9c67ZQoEoLtWC-Cgr-Fdnp-g7eEAply5rCFtzXIIQErZ3U3lsvpWqh9Bk5TDtq1rF-hkmBZSuTMDCIgSlKEzDISJU23qTs0CDPYJgv12CYGbgpzHfEFWFlWDYsMJ-M1MuXM3-IvMAE9fDfWQ8SxubfRMuZy8j75XW4f-hUsR30WxwTKI6qhBD3jcGqceFPl2XkdTw_y2ZwLFEYSODe_QvYJ09wtTEL8oDsjJstvA10aHTvpjN_A19YCkE
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Evidence of nicotine replacement's effectiveness dissolves when meta-regression accommodates multiple sources of bias
URI https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S0895435616300750
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.024
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27079846
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1867999798
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1826667444
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1855079241
Volume 79
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpR3LjtMw0FotEuKCeBNYkJGQOGWbh5_HpdpVAW2FgJV6s-xkwrZik6pp4ca3M5NHAaGFA5c8HEdjzdgz4_E8GHtJWrrsqgbY1MTCyxCHRJVxkQYgu7_ykgKcz-dqdiHeLuTigE3HWBhyqxx4f8_TO249tEwGbE7Wy-XkY2KsRGGvUsoapbt9O4KlKgbH3_duHqnuk-1S55h6_xIlvDpeUfghrJfk4qW6ZKeZuE5AXaeAdoLo7A67PWiQ_KQf5F12APU9dvN8OCO_z3ZjoVDeVLxGQm-xmW-g874iW-CrlvdeHAOj43Qm33z5Ci3_dgk1v4KtjzfwufeQrbkvEDlXDZkGWj46IPLe6t8SkLD07QN2cXb6aTqLh-IKcSGM2MZKovRSATKVgUySCqzJfIHIlFmpC13JIKsq5GkerC4hM6ZKFKjcgxVpqVHIP2SHdVPDY8Yhr9Ii8UlWWhBCgjFBmrL0pZSqgryM2GTEqFv3OTTc6Fy2ciMNHNHAJblDGkRMj4h3Y4Qo8jRohwXWutS1mUvcH5MgYnb_52_zyKGI-CfUo5HG7icgykhorbYmYi_2n3EN0sGKr6HZUR9Uc5QWQvytD2WOw91uGrFH_fzZIyOjNIWoCD75j8E_ZbforQ-TPGKH280OnqG-tA3PuwWBV73QeDVTfL5x8ubdbI7316fz9x9-AFQlGZs
link.rule.ids 314,780,784,4502,12056,12223,21388,24116,27924,27925,31719,31720,33266,33267,33744,33745,43310,43579,43805,45585,45679,73745,74014,74302
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwELagSNAL4k2ggJGQOIXaie04J4QqqgW6vdBKvVl2PCld0WS7ycLfx5PEgUvLNU5ka2Y882WehLxDlC6HqQEl16mw0qWOKZ9W3AH6_ZWVWOC8PFaLU_H1TJ5NDrduSquMOnFQ1L6t0Ee-j43XApgpSv1xfZXi1CiMrk4jNG6TO8HsFyjV-mBO8eDF2GiX6VKmYV39UyG8-rDC0kNYX2B6lxoanWbiOuN0HfgcjNDhA3J_Qo_008juh-QWNI_I3eUUH39MtnFIKG1r2gQm9-Ex3cCQeYV-wPcdHTM4JiVHMR7f_vwFHf39Axp6Cb1NN3A-Zsc21FaBOpctugU6GpMP6ejx73ATd2G7J-T08PPJwSKdBiukldCiT5UMlks5yFQGkrEaSp3ZSnElM19URS2drGuX89yVhYdM65opULmFUnBfBAP_lOw0bQPPCYW85hWzLPMlCCFBaye199ZLqWrIfUL2I0XNeuyfYWJi2cpEHhjkgWG5CTxISBEJb2J1aNBn0E2XqzPcdJlh5jvyFdnKsW1YQD4JKecvJ_ww4gITzMN_d92LPDZ_N5plLiFv5-Vw_zCoYhtot_hOgDiqEELc9A52jQt_ujwhz0b5mYmRYYvCAAJf3HyAN-Te4mR5ZI6-HH97SXbx5GNF5B7Z6TdbeBWgUe9eD_L_BzRNDT0
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwELagSBUXxJuUAkZC4hQ2TmzHOSFUWJVHKySo1Jtlx-PSFU22myz8fTyJE7i0XBNHtmbsmS_jb2YIeYUoXQxdAyqmUm6ETW0mXVozCxj3l0ZggvPRsTw84Z9OxWnkP3WRVjnZxMFQu7bGGPkCC68FMFNWauEjLeLr--Xb9WWKHaTwpjW207hJbmGXOayjrw5mugcrx6K7mapEGiCC_CdbePVmhWmIsD5Hqpccip7m_CpHdRUQHRzS8i65E5EkfTeq_h65Ac19snsU78ofkO3UMJS2njZB4X14TDcwsLAwJvi6oyObIxo8infz7c9f0NHfP6ChF9CbdANnI1O2oaYOkrpoMUTQ0YmISMfof4eT2HPTPSQnyw_fDw7T2GQhrbnifSpF8GLSQi5zEFnmoVK5qSWTIndlXXphhfe2YIWtSge5Uj6TIAsDFWeuDM7-Edlp2gaeEAqFZ3VmstxVwLkApaxQzhknhPRQuIQsJonq9VhLQ08ks5WedKBRBzordNBBQspJ8HrKFA22Dbp40DrNdJfrTH9DvaJaGZYQCygoIdX8ZcQSI0bQwVX8d9b9Scf670Tz_kvIy_l1OIt4wWIaaLc4JsAdWXLOrxuDFeTCXy9LyONx_8zCyLFcYQCEe9cv4AXZDVtff_l4_PkpuY0LH5Mj98lOv9nCs4CSevt82P5_AJiBEWI
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+nicotine+replacement%27s+effectiveness+dissolves+when+meta-regression+accommodates+multiple+sources+of+bias&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.au=Stanley%2C+T.D.&rft.au=Massey%2C+Shelby&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Inc&rft.issn=0895-4356&rft.eissn=1878-5921&rft.volume=79&rft.spage=41&rft.epage=45&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jclinepi.2016.03.024&rft.externalDocID=S0895435616300750
thumbnail_m http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F08954356%2FS0895435616X0011X%2Fcov150h.gif