Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phosphenes and scotomas

• Published in: Experimental brain research Vol. 160; no. 1; pp. 129 - 140
• Main Authors: Kammer, Thomas, Puls, Klaas, Erb, Michael, Grodd, Wolfgang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Springer 01.01.2005; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation - instrumentation; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision; Female; Functional Laterality - physiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neural Inhibition - physiology; Neurosciences; Phosphenes - physiology; Photic Stimulation; Retina - physiology; Scotoma - physiopathology; Sensory Thresholds - physiology; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology; Visual Cortex - physiology; Visual Fields - physiology; Visual Pathways - anatomy & histology; Visual Pathways - physiology; Visual perception; Visual Perception - physiology; Human; Static perimetry; Phosphene; Magnetic stimulation sites; Visual cortex; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Visual field; Central nervous system; Retinotopic mapping; Visual masking; Scotoma; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Encephalon; Visual perception; Visual system; Visual pathway; Occipital cortex; Vision; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Masking

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces phosphenes and disrupts visual perception when applied over the occipital pole. Both the underlying mechanisms and the brain structures involved are still unclear. In the first part of this study we show that the masking effect of TMS differs to maskin...