Carotid Disease and Ageing: A Literature Review on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Senescence in Older Subjects

Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affecte...

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Published inCurrent gerontology and geriatrics research Vol. 2020; no. 2020; pp. 1 - 10
Main Authors Zografos, Georgios, Sigala, Fragiska, Charalambous, George, Aggeli, Konstantina, Papalambros, Alexandros, Filis, Konstadinos, Galyfos, George, Zagouri, Flora, Veroutis, Dimitris, Sertedaki, Eleni, Tsioli, Panagiota
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2020
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects
Aging
Atherosclerosis
Bioavailability
Cardiovascular disease
Carotid arteries
Cell adhesion & migration
Elastin
Endothelium
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Lipids
Morphology
Nitric oxide
Pathogenesis
Review
Senescence
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Ultrasonic imaging
Veins & arteries
Greece
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.
AbstractList Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.
Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.
Audience Academic
Author Tsioli, Panagiota
Sigala, Fragiska
Filis, Konstadinos
Zagouri, Flora
Sertedaki, Eleni
Zografos, Georgios
Aggeli, Konstantina
Papalambros, Alexandros
Galyfos, George
Charalambous, George
Veroutis, Dimitris
AuthorAffiliation 2 Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
1 First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
5 First Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
6 First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
4 First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
3 Clinical Therapeutics Department, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
– name: 5 First Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
– name: 3 Clinical Therapeutics Department, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
– name: 2 Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
– name: 6 First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright Copyright © 2020 Eleni Sertedaki et al.
COPYRIGHT 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright © 2020 Eleni Sertedaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been...
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SubjectTerms Aging
Atherosclerosis
Bioavailability
Cardiovascular disease
Carotid arteries
Cell adhesion & migration
Elastin
Endothelium
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Lipids
Morphology
Nitric oxide
Pathogenesis
Review
Senescence
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Ultrasonic imaging
Veins & arteries
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Title Carotid Disease and Ageing: A Literature Review on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Senescence in Older Subjects
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8601762
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Volume 2020
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