Zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot releases calcium into blood and promotes blood coagulation in vitro

Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro . Methods: Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were mea...

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Published inActa pharmacologica Sinica Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 367 - 372
Main Authors Li, Jing, Cao, Wei, Lv, Xiao-xing, Jiang, Li, Li, Yue-jun, Li, Wang-zhou, Chen, Shao-zong, Li, Xue-yong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2013
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Aluminum
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood Coagulation - drug effects
Blood Coagulation Tests
Calcium - blood
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Electrolytes - blood
Hemostatics - adverse effects
Hemostatics - pharmacology
Humans
Immunology
In Vitro Techniques
Internal Medicine
Male
Medical Microbiology
Original
original-article
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Sheep
Solutions
Species Specificity
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Vaccine
Young Adult
Zeolites - adverse effects
Zeolites - pharmacology
clotting rate
zeolites
calcium
hemostatics
blood coagulation
activated partial thromboplastin time
prothrombin time
activated clotting time
electrolytes
QuikClot
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1671-4083
1745-7254
1745-7254
DOI10.1038/aps.2012.159

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Abstract Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro . Methods: Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer. Results: Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca 2+ concentration, while Na + and K + concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca 2+ and Na + concentrations. Si 4+ (0.2434 g/L) and Al 3+ (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl 2 that contained Ca 2+ concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl 2 . Conclusion: Zeolite releases Ca 2+ into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
AbstractList To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro. Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca(2+) concentration, while Na(+) and K(+) concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. Si(4+) (0.2434 g/L) and Al(3+) (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl2 that contained Ca(2+) concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl2. Zeolite releases Ca(2+) into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro.AIMTo examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro.Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer.METHODSFresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer.Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca(2+) concentration, while Na(+) and K(+) concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. Si(4+) (0.2434 g/L) and Al(3+) (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl2 that contained Ca(2+) concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl2.RESULTSAddition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca(2+) concentration, while Na(+) and K(+) concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. Si(4+) (0.2434 g/L) and Al(3+) (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl2 that contained Ca(2+) concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl2.Zeolite releases Ca(2+) into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.CONCLUSIONZeolite releases Ca(2+) into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro. Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca(2+) concentration, while Na(+) and K(+) concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca(2+) and Na(+) concentrations. Si(4+) (0.2434 g/L) and Al(3+) (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl2 that contained Ca(2+) concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl2. Zeolite releases Ca(2+) into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro. Methods: Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer. Results: Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca super(2+) concentration, while Na super(+) and K super(+) concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca super(2+) and Na super(+) concentrations. Si super(4+) (0.2434 g/L) and Al super(3+) (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl sub(2) that contained Ca super(2+) concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl sub(2). Conclusion: Zeolite releases Ca super(2+) into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation in vitro . Methods: Fresh blood was taken from healthy adult volunteers and sheep, and the electrolyte concentrations in blood were measured using a blood electrolyte analyzer. Zeolite Saline Solution (ZSS) was prepared by addition of 2 g zeolite to 0.9% NaCl solution (4, 8, or 16 mL). The electrolytes in ZSS were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of blood were measured using the test tube method. The activated clotting time (ACT) and clotting rate (CR) of blood were measured with Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer. Results: Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 2 mL human blood significantly increased Ca 2+ concentration, while Na + and K + concentrations were significantly decreased. Addition of zeolite (50 and 100 mg) in 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL) caused similar changes in Ca 2+ and Na + concentrations. Si 4+ (0.2434 g/L) and Al 3+ (0.2575 g/L) were detected in ZSS (2 g/8 mL). Addition of ZSS in sheep blood shortened APTT in a concentration dependent manner, without changing PT. ZSS or aqueous solution of CaCl 2 that contained Ca 2+ concentration identical to that of ZSS significantly shortened ACT in human blood without significantly changing CR, and the effect of ZSS on ACT was not significantly different from that of CaCl 2 . Conclusion: Zeolite releases Ca 2+ into blood, thus accelerating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and shortening the clot formation time.
Author Li, Xue-yong
Lv, Xiao-xing
Cao, Wei
Jiang, Li
Chen, Shao-zong
Li, Jing
Li, Yue-jun
Li, Wang-zhou
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  organization: Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 3
Keywords clotting rate
zeolites
calcium
hemostatics
blood coagulation
activated partial thromboplastin time
prothrombin time
activated clotting time
electrolytes
QuikClot
Language English
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
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  day: 01
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PublicationTitle Acta pharmacologica Sinica
PublicationTitleAbbrev Acta Pharmacol Sin
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PublicationYear 2013
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References Alam, Chen, Jaskille, Querol, Koustova, Inocencio (CR1) 2004; 56
CR10
Wright, Kalns, Wolf, Traweek, Schwarz, Loeffler (CR6) 2004; 57
Wright, Hua, Velmahos, Thoman (CR7) 2004; 56
Ostomel, Stoimenov, Holden, Alam, Stucky (CR8) 2006; 22
Rhee, Brown, Martin, Salim, Plurad, Green (CR4) 2008; 64
Pusateri, Delgado, Dick, Martinez, Holcomb, Ryan (CR2) 2004; 57
Mortazavi, Atefi, Roshan-Shomal, Raadpey, Mortazavi (CR9) 2009; 21
Inaba, Rhee, Teixeira, Barmparas, Putty, Branco (CR3) 2011; 71
Alam, Burris, DaCorta, Rhee (CR5) 2005; 170
BFaps2012159_CR10
AE Pusateri (BFaps2012159_CR2) 2004; 57
TA Ostomel (BFaps2012159_CR8) 2006; 22
P Rhee (BFaps2012159_CR4) 2008; 64
HB Alam (BFaps2012159_CR5) 2005; 170
HB Alam (BFaps2012159_CR1) 2004; 56
FL Wright (BFaps2012159_CR7) 2004; 56
K Inaba (BFaps2012159_CR3) 2011; 71
SM Mortazavi (BFaps2012159_CR9) 2009; 21
JK Wright (BFaps2012159_CR6) 2004; 57
20364729 - J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009 Jan-Mar;21(1):3-7
15724857 - Mil Med. 2005 Jan;170(1):63-9
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15345965 - J Trauma. 2004 Aug;57(2):224-30
15454802 - J Trauma. 2004 Sep;57(3):555-62; discussion 562
16786234 - J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Aug;22(1):55-67
18404080 - J Trauma. 2008 Apr;64(4):1093-9
14749593 - J Trauma. 2004 Jan;56(1):205-8
15179235 - J Trauma. 2004 May;56(5):974-83
References_xml – volume: 64
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– volume: 56
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  article-title: Intracopreal use of the hemostatic agent QuickClot in a coagulopathic patient with combined thoracoabdominal penetrating trauma
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000074349.88275.C4
– volume: 56
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  article-title: Application of a zeolite hemostatic agent achieves 100% survival in a lethal model of complex groin injury in swine
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000127763.90890.31
– volume: 57
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  article-title: Application of a granular mineral-based hemostatic agent (QuikClot) to reduce blood loss after grade V liver injury in swine
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000136155.97758.CD
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  article-title: Hemorrhage control in the battlefield: role of new hemostatic agents
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  doi: 10.7205/MILMED.170.1.63
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  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31821cb7cd
– volume: 64
  start-page: 1093
  year: 2008
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR4
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31812f6dbc
– volume: 22
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  year: 2006
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR8
  publication-title: J Thromb Thrombolysis
  doi: 10.1007/s11239-006-7658-y
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  start-page: 205
  year: 2004
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR7
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000074349.88275.C4
– volume: 21
  start-page: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR9
  publication-title: J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
– volume: 57
  start-page: 555
  year: 2004
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR2
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000136155.97758.CD
– volume: 57
  start-page: 224
  year: 2004
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR6
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000105916.30158.06
– ident: BFaps2012159_CR10
– volume: 56
  start-page: 974
  year: 2004
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR1
  publication-title: J Trauma
  doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000127763.90890.31
– volume: 170
  start-page: 63
  year: 2005
  ident: BFaps2012159_CR5
  publication-title: Mil Med
  doi: 10.7205/MILMED.170.1.63
– reference: 15724857 - Mil Med. 2005 Jan;170(1):63-9
– reference: 20364729 - J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009 Jan-Mar;21(1):3-7
– reference: 15454802 - J Trauma. 2004 Sep;57(3):555-62; discussion 562
– reference: 14749593 - J Trauma. 2004 Jan;56(1):205-8
– reference: 15179235 - J Trauma. 2004 May;56(5):974-83
– reference: 18404080 - J Trauma. 2008 Apr;64(4):1093-9
– reference: 15345965 - J Trauma. 2004 Aug;57(2):224-30
– reference: 22002611 - J Trauma. 2011 Nov;71(5):1312-8
– reference: 16786234 - J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Aug;22(1):55-67
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Snippet Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood...
To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood coagulation...
Aim: To examine the changes in electrolyte concentrations after addition of zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot in blood and the effects of zeolite on blood...
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StartPage 367
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aluminum
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood Coagulation - drug effects
Blood Coagulation Tests
Calcium - blood
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Electrolytes - blood
Hemostatics - adverse effects
Hemostatics - pharmacology
Humans
Immunology
In Vitro Techniques
Internal Medicine
Male
Medical Microbiology
Original
original-article
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Sheep
Solutions
Species Specificity
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Vaccine
Young Adult
Zeolites - adverse effects
Zeolites - pharmacology
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Title Zeolite-based hemostat QuikClot releases calcium into blood and promotes blood coagulation in vitro
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