Effects of Whole Grain Intake, Compared with Refined Grain, on Appetite and Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and...
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Published in | Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Vol. 12; no. 4; pp. 1177 - 1195 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.07.2021
Oxford University Press |
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Abstract | Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and energy intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food consumption, appetite, and energy intake in adults. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts yielded 36 RCTs measuring subjective appetite ratings after consuming WG foods compared with refined grain (RG) controls. Thirty-two of these studies reported AUCs for subjective appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, or prospective consumption) and/or energy intake and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Compared with RG foods, intake of WG foods resulted in significant differences in AUCs for subjective hunger (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.22; P < 0.001), fullness (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; P < 0.001), satiety (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47; P < 0.001), and desire to eat (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.20; P < 0.001). There were small, nonsignificant reductions in prospective consumption ratings (P = 0.08) and energy intake (P = 0.07) with WG intake compared with RG. These results support the view that consumption of WG foods, compared with RG foods, significantly impacts subjective appetite, and might partly explain the inverse associations between WG food intake and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain over time.
PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148217. |
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AbstractList | Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and energy intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food consumption, appetite, and energy intake in adults. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts yielded 36 RCTs measuring subjective appetite ratings after consuming WG foods compared with refined grain (RG) controls. Thirty-two of these studies reported AUCs for subjective appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, or prospective consumption) and/or energy intake and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Compared with RG foods, intake of WG foods resulted in significant differences in AUCs for subjective hunger (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.22; P < 0.001), fullness (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; P < 0.001), satiety (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47; P < 0.001), and desire to eat (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.20; P < 0.001). There were small, nonsignificant reductions in prospective consumption ratings (P = 0.08) and energy intake (P = 0.07) with WG intake compared with RG. These results support the view that consumption of WG foods, compared with RG foods, significantly impacts subjective appetite, and might partly explain the inverse associations between WG food intake and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain over time.
PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148217. Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and energy intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food consumption, appetite, and energy intake in adults. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts yielded 36 RCTs measuring subjective appetite ratings after consuming WG foods compared with refined grain (RG) controls. Thirty-two of these studies reported AUCs for subjective appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, or prospective consumption) and/or energy intake and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Compared with RG foods, intake of WG foods resulted in significant differences in AUCs for subjective hunger (SMD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.22; P < 0.001), fullness (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; P < 0.001), satiety (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47; P < 0.001), and desire to eat (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.20; P < 0.001). There were small, nonsignificant reductions in prospective consumption ratings (P = 0.08) and energy intake (P = 0.07) with WG intake compared with RG. These results support the view that consumption of WG foods, compared with RG foods, significantly impacts subjective appetite, and might partly explain the inverse associations between WG food intake and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain over time. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148217. ABSTRACT Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and energy intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food consumption, appetite, and energy intake in adults. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts yielded 36 RCTs measuring subjective appetite ratings after consuming WG foods compared with refined grain (RG) controls. Thirty-two of these studies reported AUCs for subjective appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, or prospective consumption) and/or energy intake and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Compared with RG foods, intake of WG foods resulted in significant differences in AUCs for subjective hunger (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.22; P < 0.001), fullness (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; P < 0.001), satiety (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47; P < 0.001), and desire to eat (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.20; P < 0.001). There were small, nonsignificant reductions in prospective consumption ratings (P = 0.08) and energy intake (P = 0.07) with WG intake compared with RG. These results support the view that consumption of WG foods, compared with RG foods, significantly impacts subjective appetite, and might partly explain the inverse associations between WG food intake and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain over time. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148217. Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence energy balance and body composition through effects on appetite and energy intake. To evaluate the impact of WG food consumption on appetite and energy intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food consumption, appetite, and energy intake in adults. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts yielded 36 RCTs measuring subjective appetite ratings after consuming WG foods compared with refined grain (RG) controls. Thirty-two of these studies reported AUCs for subjective appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, or prospective consumption) and/or energy intake and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Compared with RG foods, intake of WG foods resulted in significant differences in AUCs for subjective hunger (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.22; P < 0.001), fullness (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.66; P < 0.001), satiety (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47; P < 0.001), and desire to eat (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.20; P < 0.001). There were small, nonsignificant reductions in prospective consumption ratings ( P = 0.08) and energy intake ( P = 0.07) with WG intake compared with RG. These results support the view that consumption of WG foods, compared with RG foods, significantly impacts subjective appetite, and might partly explain the inverse associations between WG food intake and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain over time. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020148217. |
Author | Wilcox, Meredith L Maki, Kevin C Koecher, Katie Sanders, Lisa M Zhu, Yong |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lisa M surname: Sanders fullname: Sanders, Lisa M organization: Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Yong organization: Bell Institute of Nutrition, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Meredith L surname: Wilcox fullname: Wilcox, Meredith L organization: Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Katie surname: Koecher fullname: Koecher, Katie organization: Bell Institute of Nutrition, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Kevin C orcidid: 0000-0001-5147-5469 surname: Maki fullname: Maki, Kevin C email: kcmaki@iu.edu organization: Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33530093$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | energy intake satiety RCT fullness meta-analysis VAS SMD randomized controlled trials hunger WG whole grain RG prospective food consumption GRADE appetite desire to eat |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may influence... ABSTRACT Results from observational studies indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely associated with BMI and risk of weight gain. WG intake may... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Appetite desire to eat Edible Grain Energy Intake fullness Humans Hunger meta-analysis prospective food consumption randomized controlled trials Review Satiation satiety whole grain Whole Grains |
Title | Effects of Whole Grain Intake, Compared with Refined Grain, on Appetite and Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa178 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33530093 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2486153509 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8321865 |
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