Telomere biology and age-related diseases

Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. T...

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Published inClinical chemistry and laboratory medicine Vol. 56; no. 8; pp. 1210 - 1222
Main Authors Herrmann, Markus, Pusceddu, Irene, März, Winfried, Herrmann, Wolfgang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany De Gruyter 26.07.2018
Walter De Gruyter & Company
Subjects
Age
age-related diseases
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biocompatibility
biological age
Biology
Biomarkers
Biomedical materials
Bone mineral density
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell division
Chromosomes
Colon
Colon cancer
Disease
Epidemiology
Health risks
Lesions
Leukocytes
Osteoporosis
Prostate
Risk factors
senescence
Telomerase
telomere length
Telomeres
Tumors
senescence
age-related diseases
biological age
telomere length
telomeres
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Abstract Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. There is solid evidence that links LTL with cardiovascular disease. Short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions. Alzheimer’s disease patients have also a reduced LTL. Telomeres measured in tumor tissue from breast, colon and prostate are shorter than in healthy tissue from the same organ and the same patient. In healthy tissue directly adjacent to these tumors, telomeres are also shorter than in cells that are more distant from the cancerous lesion. A reduced telomere length in cancer tissue from breast, colon and prostate is associated with an advanced disease state at diagnosis, faster disease progression and poorer survival. By contrast, results regarding LTL and cancer are inconsistent. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not find significant associations between LTL, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The present manuscript gives an overview about our current understanding of telomere biology and reviews existing knowledge regarding the relationship between telomere length and age-related diseases.
AbstractList Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. There is solid evidence that links LTL with cardiovascular disease. Short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions. Alzheimer’s disease patients have also a reduced LTL. Telomeres measured in tumor tissue from breast, colon and prostate are shorter than in healthy tissue from the same organ and the same patient. In healthy tissue directly adjacent to these tumors, telomeres are also shorter than in cells that are more distant from the cancerous lesion. A reduced telomere length in cancer tissue from breast, colon and prostate is associated with an advanced disease state at diagnosis, faster disease progression and poorer survival. By contrast, results regarding LTL and cancer are inconsistent. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not find significant associations between LTL, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The present manuscript gives an overview about our current understanding of telomere biology and reviews existing knowledge regarding the relationship between telomere length and age-related diseases.
Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. There is solid evidence that links LTL with cardiovascular disease. Short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions. Alzheimer's disease patients have also a reduced LTL. Telomeres measured in tumor tissue from breast, colon and prostate are shorter than in healthy tissue from the same organ and the same patient. In healthy tissue directly adjacent to these tumors, telomeres are also shorter than in cells that are more distant from the cancerous lesion. A reduced telomere length in cancer tissue from breast, colon and prostate is associated with an advanced disease state at diagnosis, faster disease progression and poorer survival. By contrast, results regarding LTL and cancer are inconsistent. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not find significant associations between LTL, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The present manuscript gives an overview about our current understanding of telomere biology and reviews existing knowledge regarding the relationship between telomere length and age-related diseases.Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. There is solid evidence that links LTL with cardiovascular disease. Short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions. Alzheimer's disease patients have also a reduced LTL. Telomeres measured in tumor tissue from breast, colon and prostate are shorter than in healthy tissue from the same organ and the same patient. In healthy tissue directly adjacent to these tumors, telomeres are also shorter than in cells that are more distant from the cancerous lesion. A reduced telomere length in cancer tissue from breast, colon and prostate is associated with an advanced disease state at diagnosis, faster disease progression and poorer survival. By contrast, results regarding LTL and cancer are inconsistent. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not find significant associations between LTL, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The present manuscript gives an overview about our current understanding of telomere biology and reviews existing knowledge regarding the relationship between telomere length and age-related diseases.
Author Herrmann, Markus
März, Winfried
Pusceddu, Irene
Herrmann, Wolfgang
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– sequence: 2
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  surname: Pusceddu
  fullname: Pusceddu, Irene
  organization: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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  givenname: Winfried
  surname: März
  fullname: März, Winfried
  organization: Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Wolfgang
  surname: Herrmann
  fullname: Herrmann, Wolfgang
  organization: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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Snippet Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age...
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SubjectTerms Age
age-related diseases
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biocompatibility
biological age
Biology
Biomarkers
Biomedical materials
Bone mineral density
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell division
Chromosomes
Colon
Colon cancer
Disease
Epidemiology
Health risks
Lesions
Leukocytes
Osteoporosis
Prostate
Risk factors
senescence
Telomerase
telomere length
Telomeres
Tumors
Title Telomere biology and age-related diseases
URI https://www.degruyter.com/doi/10.1515/cclm-2017-0870
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29494336
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2067915727
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2010373133
Volume 56
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