Feeding ecology and niche overlap of Lake Ontario offshore forage fish assessed with stable isotopes

The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in δ 13 C and δ 15 N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resour...

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Published inCanadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences Vol. 75; no. 5; pp. 759 - 771
Main Authors Mumby, James A, Johnson, Timothy B, Stewart, Thomas J, Halfyard, Edmund A, Weidel, Brian C, Walsh, Maureen G, Lantry, Jana R, Fisk, Aaron T
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ottawa NRC Research Press 01.05.2018
Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
Subjects
Alosa pseudoharengus
Biological competition
Body size
Competitors
Cottidae
Cottus cognatus
Ecological monitoring
Ecological niches
Ecosystem disturbance
Ecosystem structure
Environmental aspects
Environmental factors
Fish
Fish populations
Food and nutrition
Food chains
Foods
Forage
Forage fishes
Forage species
Foraging habitats
Freshwater
Geographical distribution
Habitat selection
Habitats
Isotopes
Lakes
Myoxocephalus
Myoxocephalus thompsonii
Neogobius melanostomus
Niche overlap
Niches
Niches (Ecology)
Observations
Osmerus mordax
Seasonal variation
Species
Stable isotopes
Canada
Lake Ontario
Canada, Ontario, Lake Ontario
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Abstract The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in δ 13 C and δ 15 N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resource and habitat partitioning among the five common offshore Lake Ontario forage fish species (n = 2037; alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy (Cottus cognatus) sculpins). Round goby had the largest isotopic niche (6.1‰ 2 , standard ellipse area), followed by alewife (3.4‰ 2 ), while rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin had the smallest and similar niche size (1.7‰ 2 –1.8‰ 2 ), with only the sculpin species showing significant isotopic niche overlap (>63%). Stable isotopes in alewife, round goby, and rainbow smelt varied with location, season, and size, but did not vary in the sculpin species. Lake Ontario forage fish species have partitioned food and habitat resources, and non-native alewife and round goby have the largest isotopic niche, suggestive of a boarder ecological niche, and may contribute to their current high abundance.
AbstractList The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in [delta][sup.13]C and [delta][sup.15]N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resource and habitat partitioning among the five common offshore Lake Ontario forage fish species (n = 2037; alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy (Cottus cognatus) sculpins). Round goby had the largest isotopic niche (6.1[[per thousand].sup.2], standard ellipse area), followed by alewife (3.4[[per thousand].sup.2]), while rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin had the smallest and similar niche size (1.7[[per thousand].sup.2]-1.8[[per thousand].sup.2]), with only the sculpin species showing significant isotopic niche overlap (>63%). Stable isotopes in alewife, round goby, and rainbow smelt varied with location, season, and size, but did not vary in the sculpin species. Lake Ontario forage fish species have partitioned food and habitat resources, and non-native alewife and round goby have the largest isotopic niche, suggestive of a boarder ecological niche, and may contribute to their current high abundance.
The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in δ 13 C and δ 15 N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resource and habitat partitioning among the five common offshore Lake Ontario forage fish species (n = 2037; alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy (Cottus cognatus) sculpins). Round goby had the largest isotopic niche (6.1‰ 2 , standard ellipse area), followed by alewife (3.4‰ 2 ), while rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin had the smallest and similar niche size (1.7‰ 2 –1.8‰ 2 ), with only the sculpin species showing significant isotopic niche overlap (>63%). Stable isotopes in alewife, round goby, and rainbow smelt varied with location, season, and size, but did not vary in the sculpin species. Lake Ontario forage fish species have partitioned food and habitat resources, and non-native alewife and round goby have the largest isotopic niche, suggestive of a boarder ecological niche, and may contribute to their current high abundance.
The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in [delta][sup.13]C and [delta][sup.15]N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resource and habitat partitioning among the five common offshore Lake Ontario forage fish species (n = 2037; alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy (Cottus cognatus) sculpins). Round goby had the largest isotopic niche (6.1[[per thousand].sup.2], standard ellipse area), followed by alewife (3.4[[per thousand].sup.2]), while rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin had the smallest and similar niche size (1.7[[per thousand].sup.2]-1.8[[per thousand].sup.2]), with only the sculpin species showing significant isotopic niche overlap (>63%). Stable isotopes in alewife, round goby, and rainbow smelt varied with location, season, and size, but did not vary in the sculpin species. Lake Ontario forage fish species have partitioned food and habitat resources, and non-native alewife and round goby have the largest isotopic niche, suggestive of a boarder ecological niche, and may contribute to their current high abundance. Si les communautes de poissons-fourrage des Grands Lacs laurentiens continuent de subir des changements qui ont modifie la structure des ecosystemes, les connaissances sur le partage des ressources dans ces communautes sont limitees. Les variations saisonnieres, spatiales et associees a la taille du corps du [delta][sup.13]C et du [delta][sup.15]N ont ete utilisees pour evaluer le chevauchement des niches isotopiques et le partage des ressources et des habitats entre cinq especes de poissons-fourrage pelagiques repandues du lac Ontario (n = 2037; le gaspareau (Alosa pseudoharengus), l'eperlan arc-en-ciel (Osmerus mordax), le gobie a taches noires (Neogobius melanostomus), le chabot de profondeur (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) et le chabot visqueux (Cottus cognatus)). Le gobie a taches noires presente la plus grande niche isotopique (6,1[[per thousand].sup.2], aire de l'ellipse standard), suivi du gaspareau (3,4[[per thousand].sup.2]), alors que l'eperlan arc-en-ciel, le chabot visqueux et le chabot de profondeur ont les plus petites niches, de tailles semblables (1,7-1,8[[per thousand].sup.2]), seuls les chabots presentant un chevauchement significatif de leurs niches isotopiques (>63 %). Les isotopes stables des gaspareaux, gobies a taches noires et eperlans arc-en-ciel varient selon le lieu, la saison et la taille, contrairement a ceux des chabots. Les especes de poissons-fourrage du lac Ontario presentent un partage des ressources alimentaires et des habitats, le gaspareau et le gobie a taches noires, des especes non indigenes, etant caracterises par les plus grandes niches isotopiques, ce qui indiquerait une niche ecologique plus large et pourrait contribuer a expliquer leur forte abondance actuelle. [Traduit par la Redaction]
The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how they partition resources. Seasonal, spatial, and body size variation in δ13C and δ15N was used to assess isotopic niche overlap and resource and habitat partitioning among the five common offshore Lake Ontario forage fish species (n = 2037; alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy (Cottus cognatus) sculpins). Round goby had the largest isotopic niche (6.1‰2, standard ellipse area), followed by alewife (3.4‰2), while rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin had the smallest and similar niche size (1.7‰2–1.8‰2), with only the sculpin species showing significant isotopic niche overlap (>63%). Stable isotopes in alewife, round goby, and rainbow smelt varied with location, season, and size, but did not vary in the sculpin species. Lake Ontario forage fish species have partitioned food and habitat resources, and non-native alewife and round goby have the largest isotopic niche, suggestive of a boarder ecological niche, and may contribute to their current high abundance.
Abstract_FL Si les communautés de poissons-fourrage des Grands Lacs laurentiens continuent de subir des changements qui ont modifié la structure des écosystèmes, les connaissances sur le partage des ressources dans ces communautés sont limitées. Les variations saisonnières, spatiales et associées à la taille du corps du δ 13 C et du δ 15 N ont été utilisées pour évaluer le chevauchement des niches isotopiques et le partage des ressources et des habitats entre cinq espèces de poissons-fourrage pélagiques répandues du lac Ontario (n = 2037; le gaspareau (Alosa pseudoharengus), l’éperlan arc-en-ciel (Osmerus mordax), le gobie à taches noires (Neogobius melanostomus), le chabot de profondeur (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) et le chabot visqueux (Cottus cognatus)). Le gobie à taches noires présente la plus grande niche isotopique (6,1 ‰ 2 , aire de l’ellipse standard), suivi du gaspareau (3,4 ‰ 2 ), alors que l’éperlan arc-en-ciel, le chabot visqueux et le chabot de profondeur ont les plus petites niches, de tailles semblables (1,7–1,8 ‰ 2 ), seuls les chabots présentant un chevauchement significatif de leurs niches isotopiques (>63 %). Les isotopes stables des gaspareaux, gobies à taches noires et éperlans arc-en-ciel varient selon le lieu, la saison et la taille, contrairement à ceux des chabots. Les espèces de poissons-fourrage du lac Ontario présentent un partage des ressources alimentaires et des habitats, le gaspareau et le gobie à taches noires, des espèces non indigènes, étant caractérisés par les plus grandes niches isotopiques, ce qui indiquerait une niche écologique plus large et pourrait contribuer à expliquer leur forte abondance actuelle. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Audience Academic
Author Johnson, Timothy B
Stewart, Thomas J
Halfyard, Edmund A
Walsh, Maureen G
Fisk, Aaron T
Mumby, James A
Weidel, Brian C
Lantry, Jana R
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  organization: Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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Snippet The forage fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes continue to experience changes that have altered ecosystem structure, yet little is known about how...
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SubjectTerms Alosa pseudoharengus
Biological competition
Body size
Competitors
Cottidae
Cottus cognatus
Ecological monitoring
Ecological niches
Ecosystem disturbance
Ecosystem structure
Environmental aspects
Environmental factors
Fish
Fish populations
Food and nutrition
Food chains
Foods
Forage
Forage fishes
Forage species
Foraging habitats
Freshwater
Geographical distribution
Habitat selection
Habitats
Isotopes
Lakes
Myoxocephalus
Myoxocephalus thompsonii
Neogobius melanostomus
Niche overlap
Niches
Niches (Ecology)
Observations
Osmerus mordax
Seasonal variation
Species
Stable isotopes
Title Feeding ecology and niche overlap of Lake Ontario offshore forage fish assessed with stable isotopes
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