Mechanisms of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

The incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly, and produces a significant morbidity and severe long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, neuropsychological impairments, and behavioral disorders. Emerging clinical data and data from e...

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Published inJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 34; no. 6; pp. 921 - 932
Main Authors Fernández-López, David, Natarajan, Niranjana, Ashwal, Stephen, Vexler, Zinaida S
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.06.2014
Sage Publications Ltd
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
Adult
Aged, 80 and over
Animals
Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier - pathology
Blood-Brain Barrier - physiopathology
Brain Ischemia - metabolism
Brain Ischemia - pathology
Brain Ischemia - physiopathology
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Neovascularization, Physiologic
Neurogenesis
Review
Stroke - metabolism
Stroke - pathology
Stroke - physiopathology
blood-brain barrier
pediatric stroke
neonatal ischemia
inflammation
microglia
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Abstract The incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly, and produces a significant morbidity and severe long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, neuropsychological impairments, and behavioral disorders. Emerging clinical data and data from experimental models of cerebral ischemia in neonatal rodents have shown that the pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is multifactorial. These studies have revealed that, far from just being a smaller version of the adult brain, the neonatal brain is unique with a very particular and age-dependent responsiveness to hypoxia–ischemia and focal arterial stroke. In this review, we discuss fundamental clinical aspects of perinatal stroke as well as some of the most recent and relevant findings regarding the susceptibility of specific brain cell populations to injury, the dynamics and the mechanisms of neuronal cell death in injured neonates, the responses of neonatal blood-brain barrier to stroke in relation to systemic and local inflammation, and the long-term effects of stroke on angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Finally, we address translational strategies currently being considered for neonatal stroke as well as treatments that might effectively enhance repair later after injury.
AbstractList The incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly, and produces a significant morbidity and severe long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, neuropsychological impairments, and behavioral disorders. Emerging clinical data and data from experimental models of cerebral ischemia in neonatal rodents have shown that the pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is multifactorial. These studies have revealed that, far from just being a smaller version of the adult brain, the neonatal brain is unique with a very particular and age-dependent responsiveness to hypoxia-ischemia and focal arterial stroke. In this review, we discuss fundamental clinical aspects of perinatal stroke as well as some of the most recent and relevant findings regarding the susceptibility of specific brain cell populations to injury, the dynamics and the mechanisms of neuronal cell death in injured neonates, the responses of neonatal blood-brain barrier to stroke in relation to systemic and local inflammation, and the long-term effects of stroke on angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Finally, we address translational strategies currently being considered for neonatal stroke as well as treatments that might effectively enhance repair later after injury.
Author Ashwal, Stephen
Vexler, Zinaida S
Natarajan, Niranjana
Fernández-López, David
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  surname: Ashwal
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Tue Oct 15 23:53:44 EDT 2024
Tue Jul 16 20:53:20 EDT 2024
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Issue 6
Keywords blood-brain barrier
pediatric stroke
neonatal ischemia
inflammation
microglia
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PublicationTitle Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
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Snippet The incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly, and produces a significant morbidity and severe long-term neurologic and cognitive...
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StartPage 921
SubjectTerms Adult
Aged, 80 and over
Animals
Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier - pathology
Blood-Brain Barrier - physiopathology
Brain Ischemia - metabolism
Brain Ischemia - pathology
Brain Ischemia - physiopathology
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Neovascularization, Physiologic
Neurogenesis
Review
Stroke - metabolism
Stroke - pathology
Stroke - physiopathology
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Title Mechanisms of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
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